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Research Design
This well-designed study was implemented with rigor. Specifying that reflexivity was used is a
strength of the study. Reflexivity is the researcher's deep introspection and reflection on how his
or her own biases and presence in the research situation may have affected how the data were
collected, analyzed, and interpreted (Patton, 2015). The aim of phenomenology is to explore an
experience as it is lived by the study participants and interpreted by the researcher. During the
study, the researcher's experiences, reflections, and interpretations influence the data collected
from the study participants (Creswell, 2013;Morse, 2012;Munhall, 2012). Phenomenologists
perceive the person as being in constant interaction with the environment and making meaning of
experiences in that context. The world is shaped by the self and shapes the self. Beyond this,
however, phenomenologists diverge in their beliefs about the person and the experience. The key
philosophers who helped develop phenomenology are Husserl and Heidegger (Munhall, 2012).