SIMPLE SENTENCE

Definition: A sentence which has only one subject and only one predicate (or verb) is called a Simple Sentence.
SENTENCE SYNTHESIS
Sentence synthesis means combining two or more simple sentences into one new sentence.
Methods for Joining of sentences into a Simple Sentence:-
1. Using Infinitive.

2. Using Participle (Present, Past & Perfect Participles)

3. Using Nominative Absolute

4. Using Noun in Apposition

5. Using Gerund/ Preposition with Noun

6. Using Adjective

7. Using Adverb/Adverbial Phrase

INFINITIVE
An Infinitive is the base form of verb often preceded by ‘to’ and which has the force of both a Verb and a Noun.
The infinitive has two forms:-
1. The ‘to-infinitive’ = to + base
2. The ‘zero infinitive’ = base

Synthesis of Sentences – Use of Infinitive

1. I had no money. I could not give any body. 17. He did not have even a penny with him. He
2. He is very weak. He cannot run. could not buy a piece of bread.
3. Man works day and night. He has to support his 18. The team has a captain. He leads other team
family.. members.
4. Neeta is very poor. She cannot carry on her 19. You must give me the keys of the safe. If you do
studies. that you will be able to save your life.
5. Hari remained very serious in his studies right 20. We went to Ajmer last week. Our intention was
from the very beginning of the session. He to visit the shrine of Khwaja Pir.
wanted to top the Board’s Examination. 21. I speak the truth. I am not afraid of it.
6. He has three daughters. He has to get them 22. The robber took out his knife. His intention was
married. to frighten the traveler.
7. Give him a chair. He will sit on it. 23. He has to support his family. He works hard for
8. He is very fat. He cannot run fast. that reason.
9. Hari went to Agra. He wanted to see the Taj. 24. The management called a meeting of the
10. She will go to Kanpur. She will see her father. employees. They wanted to discuss their
11. My uncle is quite weak. He cannot go for a requirements.
morning walk. 25. He helps the poor. He is anxious to relieve them
12. She went to Dehradun. She went there to see of their offerings.
her sister. 26. I have no interest in politics. I must admit it
13. I went to station. My object was to see off my frankly.
sister. 27. He has some homework. He must finish it.
14. Hari ran fast. He wanted to get the first prize. 28. He has a camera. He wishes to sell it.
15. He could not prepare well for the examination. 29. He has a large family. He has to maintain it.
He had not sufficient time. 30. He did not tell the truth. He did it with an
16. He wanted to educate his son. He sent him to intention.
America. 31. I heard the news of his success. I was delighted.
 32. The box is very heavy. I cannot lift it.
33. My brother worked very hard. He passed the
test.
34. He is very ill. The doctors don’t expect him to
survive.
35. My grandfather is very weak. He cannot walk.
36. She is very short. She cannot touch the ceiling.
37. William played very cleverly. John couldn’t beat
him.
38. The necklace was very expensive. I couldn’t buy
it.
39. He is very proud. He will not ask for help.
40. The problem is very difficult. I cannot solve it.
41. This table is very heavy. I cannot lift it.
PARTICIPLE
A Participle is that form of a Verb often ending in ‘-ing’ or ‘-ed’ and which has the force of both a Verb and a Adjective.
Types of Participles:-
1. Present Participle (Verb+ ing)
2. Past Participle (Verb3)
3. Perfect Participle( Having + Verb3)
Synthesis of Sentences – Use of Present Participle
Case:-1: Present Participle is used to join two sentences, if:-
(a) Two actions take place simultaneously in two sentences.
(b) The subjects in both the sentences are the same.
1. She saw the lion. She ran away.
2. He jumped up. He ran away.
3. The magician took pity on the mouse. He turned
it into a cat.
4. He took a pen. He wrote a letter.
5. He drew his sword. He attacked his enemies.
6. Her husband died. She heard the news. She
fainted.
7. Turn to the right. You will find an hospital.
8. I reached home.  I took off my clothes.
9. Going up the hill, she saw an old temple.
10. We heard a terrible noise.  We turned back.
11. He heard the news of his failure. He fainted.  23. She drove as quickly as possible. She arrived
12. The people saw the flames. They ran towards
the burning house.  24. The lightning flashed vividly. It struck the church
13. I saw a blind man. He was carrying a lamp in
his hand.
14. He came to me. He gave me this letter. 
15. The poor man worked. He laughed. He thus
spent his life. 
Case-2:- If in a sentence ‘is/am/are/was/were’ are used as Main Verb, then Present Participle ‘being’ is used.
1. He was hungry. He took his food.
2. He was ill. He didn’t go to school.
3. He was tired of reading. He lay down in bed.
4. The tiger was hungry. He killed a goat.
42. He is too proud. He will not beg.
43. He is very ill. The doctors do not expect him to
recover.
44. He was very tired. He could not get out of the
bed.
45. It was very dark. I couldn’t see anything.
46. He was very nervous. He could not perform well
on the stage.
47. I was very busy. I could not talk to her.
48. The task was very difficult. I could not do it
without help.
49. It was very hot. We did not want to go out.
50. I was very busy. I could not talk to her.
51. The task was very difficult. I could not do it
without help.
16. I was walking in the field. I saw a snake. I ran
away. 
17. Turn to the right. You will then find the house. 
18. The magician took pity on the mouse. He turned
it into a cat. 
19. He raised his gun. He took aim. He shot the
tiger. 
20. He drew his sword. He attacked his enemy. 
21. The thief cut through the padlock. He opened
the wooden door.
22. The thief saw police coming. He fled from the
scene.
just in time.
steeple.
25. She was listening to the radio .She didn’t hear
the doorbell
5. Mahesh Bhupati was defeated by Leander Paes.
He was much disappointed. 
6. She was tired of reading. She lay down in bed.
 7. He was picked up by his mother .He didn't have
to wait for the bus.
8.
Case-3:- If the object of the first sentence becomes the subject of the second sentence, then Present Participle is used.
1. I saw Ravi. He was abusing his brother.
2. We saw a parrot. It was sitting on tree.
3. A funny fox saw some grapes. They were
hanging from a vine.
4. Sheela witnessed the show of three dolls. Dolls
were talking in a strange language.
5. A man was strolling on the road. He was old.
6. We saw many dogs. They were barking at
strangers.
7. There is a beautiful building. It stands by the
side of the road.
8. I saw the fox. It was chasing a rabbit.
9. We met a girl. She was carrying a basket of
flowers.
10. I once saw an acrobat. He was walking a rope.

Synthesis of Sentences – Use of Perfect Participle

Perfect Participle is used to join two sentences, if:-
(a) Two actions take place in two sentences.
(b) The second action begins after the first action completes.
(c) The subjects in both the sentences are the same.
1. I completed the work.  I went to the market.
2. He wrote a letter. He posted it.
3. Ravi took his breakfast. He went to office.
4. He was punished by teacher. He felt sorry.
5. He was disguised as a saint. He escaped to
Nepal.
6. The workers finished their work. They left for
home.
7. He failed in the first attempt. He made no
further efforts.
8. I finished my breakfast. I went out for a walk
9. He had saved a little money. He travelled to
Australia.
10. She had finished her degree. He started to work
for an international company
11.  He hurt his leg. He stopped walking
12. He lost a large amount of money. He gave up
gambling.
13. She worked hard. She won the first prize.
14. He got dressed. He slowly went downstairs.
15. They finished their training. They will be fully
qualified doctors.
16. She lost her job. She started looking for a new
job.

Synthesis of Sentences – Use of Past Participle

Past Participle: It denotes an action (or state) which is completed, and hence is no longer in progress. It ends in -en,-
n; or -ed,-d,-t                 
1. They were terrified. They stood crowded 4. The lion was driven by fury. It attacked the
together. hunter.
2. We saw the trees. They were laden with apples. 5. I found my pen. It was lost.
3. She was blinded by lightning. She fell senseless. 6. This is a rose.  It is faded.
7. I saw a snake. It was wounded.

Synthesis of Sentences – Use of Nominative Absolute/Absolute Phrase

Absolute Phrase is used to join two sentences, if:-
(a) Two actions take place simultaneously in two sentences.
(b) The subjects in both the sentences are the different.
1. The sun rose. The fog disappeared.
2. The teacher entered the class. The boys became
silent.
3. The captain was killed. The army fled.
4. The leader was slain. The followers ran away in
fear.
5. The work was done. We went back home.
6. It was a holiday. We didn’t go to school.
7. The sky was cloudy. It may rain today.
8. The picture was interesting. We enjoyed it very
much.
9. The weather was bad.  We stayed in doors.
 10. The sun set. It was dark all around.
11. It was very late. I did not go to attend the
meeting.
12. It was a rainy day. We remained in doors.
13. The cat was away. The mice started playing.
14. It was a very hot day. I remained in my tent.
15. The teacher was absent. The children made
great noise
16. The sun rose. All the workers set out on their
journey.

Synthesis of Sentences –Use of Adjective

Definition: An Adjective is a word that qualifies a Noun or Pronoun.
1. The boy worked hard. He was ambitious. 13. Tagore was a Bengali. He was a great poet.
2. The girls danced well. They were very pretty. 14. He is my brother. He is intelligent.
3. The boy answered all questions. He was 15. The Principal fined a boy. The boy was naughty.
intelligent. 16. I bought a pen. It was costly.
4. The boy had nothing to wear. He was poor. 17. A lion was hungry. He killed a horse. The horse
5. The dogs came closer and closer. They were was black.
wild. 18. He gave a rupee to a man. The man was blind.
19. William C. Douglas saw a girl. She was a refugee
6. The girl was kind. She was popular among her girl.
friends. 20. I met a boy. He was very intelligent.
7. He has lost his watch. It was a costly watch. 21. A boy was weeping bitterly. He was hungry.
8. She painted a picture. It was extremely 22. A woman was strolling on the road. She was
beautiful. old. She had a stick in her hand.
9. She told me a story. The story was interesting. 23. An old woman was strolling on the road with a
10. We woke up by a noise. The noise was alarming. stick in her hand.
11. They went to a station. It was on a hill. 24. A tiger was hungry. He killed a bullock. The
12. I saw a snake. The snake was poisonous. bullock was hefty.
Synthesis of Sentences – Use of Adverb/Adverbial Phrase
Definition: An Adverb is a word that qualifies a Verb, Adjective or another Adverb.
(An Adverbial Phrase is simply a group of two or more words that function as an adverb in a sentence.)

1. The rose has thorns. It is certain.
2. Great people serve their country. Their service
is selfless.
3. He was at fault. There is no doubt in it.
4. He went to market. He was in a hurry.
5. I shall return by the morning. I am definite
about it.
6. I thanked him. I did it with all my heart.
7. The river was flowing. It’s flow was slow.
8. He did it. He did it with a great success.
9. He spent all his money.  This was foolish.
10. She will pass the examination. It is certain.
11. The leader spoke. He spoke for minutes.
12. He met with an accident. He was fortunate to
escape unhurt.
13. They refused to listen to my proposal. Their
refusal was firm.
14. This train runs. Its speed is very fast.
15. He kicked the player. It was his intention to do
so.
16. The sun set. The travelers had not reached their
destination.
17. I came here. I came yesterday.
18. Sam said it. He said in a polite way.
19. I will meet you. I will meet you tomorrow.
20. The man was shouting. He was shouting very
loudly.
21. I made them understand the plan. I did so in
an easy way.
22. Samantha is trying to do the work. She wants
do it quickly.
23. They came  to make us understand. They
came in a group
24. Bob is trying to win the game. He wants to
win by hook or by crook.
25. You are walking. You are slow.
26. Jack will come here. He will do so Next year 
 27. We are going to watch a movie. We will go on 28. Don’t talk to me. Don’t talk in that tone.
Friday.

Synthesis of Sentences – Use of Noun or Noun Phrase in Apposition

Definition: A noun or noun phrase following another noun or noun phrase in a sentence providing information about
the former is called Noun in Apposition to the former.
1. Here is my sister-in-law. Her name is Nidhi.
2. Rana Pratap was a brave warrior. He was the king of Mewar.
3. Babar defeated Lodi. Babar was a Turk. Lodi was the Emperor of India.

4. Dr. Radha Krishnan was the president of India. He was a great philoshopher.
5. Mohan is the only son of his father. He died in an accident.
6. Nalanda was once the biggest centre of learning. It is now a heap of ruins. 
7. Mr. Saxena is our Principal. He is very learned.
8. Shahjahan was a great Mughal Emperor. He built the Taj. It is the finest building in the country.
9. I have never been to Bombay. It is the biggest seaport of India. 
10. Kalidas was a great Sanskrit poet. He was the author of the Shakuntlam.
11. Nehru was a great statesman. He was the first Prime Minister of India.
12. Mahatma was a lover of peace. He had once been a lawyer. He preached non-violence.
13. Mathura a place of pilgrimage. It stands on the river Yamuna. The Yamuna is one of the holiest rivers in India.
14. Air is the first necessity of life. It is a free gift of nature.
15. Milton was a famous English poet. He became blind.
16. Education is an instrument of power. It has been the guiding factor of civilization.
17. Kalidas wrote the Shakuntlam. He was a great poet and Dramatist.
18. This pleace was once a prosperous colony. It is now a heap of ruins.
19. Shakespeare wrote Julius Caesar. He was a great dramatist.
20. Dr. Brown is my teacher. He lives at Joka.

Synthesis of Sentences – Use of Preposition with a Noun or Gerund

Definition: A Gerund is that form of a Verb always ending in ‘-ing’ and which has the force of both a Verb and Noun.
1. My brother is ill. He has high fever.
1. He saw the moon. He became glad.
2. He gave them food. He helped them liberally.
3. I bought a watch. I paid Rs. 500 for this.
4. You helped me. I would have been drowned.
5. He behaved rudely with me. I was quite
displeased.
6. He has failed many times. He still hopes to
succeed.
7. I bought a pen. I  got it for ten rupees.
8. He was a poor man. He was an independent
spirit.
9. The state of Andhara is divided into several
districts. Each districts has its own
headquarters.
10. He could not come. He was ill.
11. I reached the station. I bought tickets.
12. He fled. He had seen a bear coming.
13. He was arrested .He heard the news. He went
to the police station.
14. He returned safely. All were glad.
15. He wrote a book. The book was on translation.
16. Sohan sold his house. He sold it for fifty
thousand rupees.
17. Her uncle died. She heard the news. She wept.
18. The sun set. Their work was not completed. 
19. He did not succeed. He had made every effort. 
20.  He confessed his fault. He escaped
punishment.
21.  He laboured hard. Still he did not succeed. 
22. He heard the news. He wept bitterly. 
23.  He gave me advice. He helped me with money. 
24. He is a teacher. He is a social worker 
25. He came. You had already left. 
26. He worked very hard. He did not sleep. 
27. I helped him with money. This proved my love
for him.