MAHARAJA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY THANDAVAPURA ‘NH 766, Nanjangud Taluk, Mysuru- 571 302 (An ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 21001:2018 Certified Institution) (Affiliated to VIU, Belagavi and approved by AICTE, New Delhi) DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING it Ea WIRELESS & CELLULAR COMMUNICATION - 18EC91 MODULE ? - CSM & TDMA TECHNOLOGY Introduction, GSM Network and System Architecture, GSM Channel concept CHAPTER ? - GSM SYSTEM OPERATIONS GSM Identities, System Operations - Traffic Cases, GSM Infrastructure Communication (Um Interface) (Text 2: Part 1 and Part 2 of Chapter 5) MECHANAMN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPT. OF ECE (MIT, THANDAVAPURA,WIRELESS & CELLULAR COMMUNICATION ~ 18EC81 MODULE 2 MODULE ? - GSM & TDMA TECHNOLOGY CHAPTER 1 - CSM SYSTEM OVERVIEW ‘RODUCTION TO GSM & TDMA The 2G GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) cellular system designed for voice-data service network. * GSM uses TDMA (time Division Multiple Access) technology for voice and data transfer. 1.1 GSM SERVICES***** Q: Explain GSM Service types and GSM Services. > GSM SERVICE TYPES ‘© The types of services to be offered over GSM network can be classified into 2 categories: I. Tele service Bearer service In addition supplementary service can be added into the teleservice. ‘* Figure 1 shows the relationship between a teleservice and bearer service to the GSM system. GSM Teleservices Gs Figure 1: relationship between a teleservice and bearer service to the GSM system © Teleservice provides standard voice communication between two end users and additional communication between two end user applications, ‘© Bearer service provides user the ability to transmit data between user network interfaces, >» GSM SERVICE PHASE ‘© GSM services can be carried in 2 different phases: 1. Phase I GSM service 2.Phase II GSM service ‘Meghana MN, Assistant Professor, MIT Thandavapura Page LWIRELESS & CELLULAR COMMUNICATION ~ 18EC81 ‘Table 1: Phase I GSM Service Service Category Service Additional Details ‘Telephony oll rate at 13 kbps voice ‘Emergency calls “112” is GSM-wide emergency number GSM Teleservices Short Message Service | Point-to-point (between two users) and cell Videotext access broadcast types Teletex, FAX, ete. Asynchronous data 300-9600 bps (ransparenVnontansparet) earer Services | S¥BChronous data 2400-9600 bps transparent ——— ‘Synchronous packet data. Others ‘Supplementary Call forwarding All calls, when the subscriber is not available Services Call baring Outgoing cals with specifications ‘Table 2: Phase II GSM Service Senice Category | Service ‘Additional Details gant Teteservices | Habra spooch coer f Optional implementation Enhanced full rate " Ss Supplementary Calling line identification Services Connected tne identification Call waiting Call hold Multparty communications Closed user group Advice of charge Operator determined call barring Presentation or restriction of displaying the caller's 1D Presentation of restriction of displaying the called 1D Incoming call during current conversation Put current call on hold to answer another Up to five ongoing calls can be included in one conversation Restriction of certain features from individual subseribers by operator 1.2 GSM RADIO FREQUENCY CARRIERS ‘The 3 most widely used GSM frequency bands are: 1. GSM 900 band has 124 carrier frequencies 2. GSM 1800 band has 374 carrier frequencies 3. GSM 1900 band has 299 carrier frequencies Since each carrier can be shared by up to 8 users, the total number of channels for each system is: 124 * 8 = 992 channels for GSM 900 . 274 * 8 = 2992 channels for GSM 1800 . 299 * 8 = 2392 channels for GSM 1900 ‘The frequency bands of 5 present GSM system is shown in table 3, the channel have ARFCNs (Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Numbers) numbered as: 1-124, 259-293, 306-340, 512-885 and 512-810 for P-GSM 900 (Primary GSM 900), GSM 450, GSM 480, GSM 1800 and GSM 1900. E-GSM 900 (Extended GSM 900) and R-GSM 900 (Railway GSM 900) have added 2 channels: 975-1023 and 955-1023. ‘Meghana MN, Assistant Professor, MIT Thandavapura MODULE 2 PagedWIRELESS & CELLULAR COMMUNICATION ~ 18EC81 MODULE 2 ‘Table 3: GSM frequency bands and channel number GSM Band Uplink Frequency Downlink Frequency P.GSM 900 890-915 MHz ARFCNG1...124 (ARFCN-1) x 0.2 MHz-+ 890.2 MHz 935 - 960 MHz Uplink frequency +45 MHz ‘880 - 890 MHz (ARFCN=0=890 MHz) (ARFCN.975) x 0.2 MHz-+890 MHz 925 -935 MHz Uplink frequency +45 MHz 876-890 MHz ARFCN=955..1023 | _(ARFCN-1023) x 0.2 MHz+890 MHz 921-935 MHz Uplink frequency +45 MHz GsM 1800 1710-1785 MHz ARFCN=512...885 (ARFCN-512) x 0.2 MHz+ 1710.2 MHz 1808 - 1880 MHz Uplink frequency +95 MHz GSM 1900 1850 - 1910 MHz ARFCN=512... (ARFCN-512) x 0.2 MHz+ 1850.2 MHz 1930- 1990 Miz Uplink frequency +90 Mz GsM 450 450.4 - 457.6 MHz ARFCN=259.. (ARFCN-259) x 0.2 MHz+450,6 MHz 460.4 - 467.6 Mz Uplink frequency +10. MHz GsM 480 478.8 - 486 MHz ARFCN=306,.340 (ARFCN-306) x 0.2 MHz-+478,8 Miz 488.8 496 MIL Uplink frequency + 10 MHz ‘* Figure 2 shows GSM frequency allocation within PCS (Personal Communication Service) that is used by the GSM 1900 system. Uplink Frequencies | {5 Min 180m 1910 Metz |1930 MH, ‘and B Bands ae for MTAS C.D, E, and F Bands are for BTAs she bie Figure 2: GSM frequency allocation in the 1900MHz PCS bands © There are 6 different frequency bands both for uplink and downlink frequencies and the bands are: A, B,C, D, E and F bands. A, Band C bands are for MTAs (Major Trading areas) with each having 1SMHz wide and bands D, E and F for BTAs (Basic Trading Areas) with each having SMHz wide. For particular carrier frequency, a single timeslot occurs at a time from 8 timeslots of TDMA frame where each timeslot represents a physical channel as shown in figure 3, TDMA Frame [re —, ts | ss imeslo) Figure 3: GSM ‘Meghana MN, Assistant Professor, MIT Thandavapura PageWIRELESS & CELLULAR COMMUNICATION ~ 18EC81 MODULE 2 2. 6S) TWORK AND SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE ‘* GSM System can be subdivide into several sub blocks which performs various operation with different protocols in each sub blocks. 2.1 GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE / GSM SUBSYSTEM ***** Q. With a neat block diagram explain GSM Network architecture, ‘© They basic system architecture for a GSM network is as shown in figure 4. Administrative and [Network Switching System (NSS) ean Message Center Mobile Intelligent Network Service anna + ci Operation and Support Radio Base _ Bas Station Station (RBS) Controller (BSC) System (OSS) Figure 4: GSM Network architecture ‘The major subsystems of the GSM network are: MS (Mobile Station), BSS (Base Station System) and NSS (Network Switching System). MOBILE STATION (MS) MS is a device that provides radio link between GSM subscriber and wireless mobile network. MS provides the subscriber the control for access of PSTN (Public Switch Telephone Network) and PDN (Public Data Network) network and facilitate mobility once connected. MS constantly monitors the message broadcast from BTS for setup and clearing of radio channel used for transmission, Page4 In addition MS constantly performs power and BER (Bit Error Rate) measurement, ‘Meghana MN, Assistant Professor, MIT ThandavapuraWIRELESS & CELLULAR COMMUNICATION ~ 18EC81 MODULE 2 MS consist of 2 elements: ME (Mobile Equipment) and SIM (Subscriber Identity Module). ME is the physical cell phone and SIM card when inserted into in ME makes it functional. ‘SIM card is a smart card issued to the subscriber where subscriber signs up to the service operator and the card contains the subscribers IMSI number (International Mobile Station Identity), the mobile MSISDN number (Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory Number) and SIM PIN (Personal Identification Number), SIM card can also store SMS messages that the subscriber receives. . BASE STATION SYSTEM (BSS) BSS is a link between MS and GSM MSC. BSS consist of 2 elements: BTS (Base Transceiver System) and BSC (Base Station Controller). BTS communicates with MS over air interface, BSC communicates with MSC through wired interface and BSC and BTS communicate via LAPD protocol. BTS provides a radio link to MS over air interface and are physically located near the antenna for the cell. RBS consist of 3 BTS that provides service to sectored cells. ‘The basic BSC components are multiplexer, switch, transcoder, power supply and various signal and control processor. Transcoder sometimes split out from BSC which forms TRC (Transcoder Controller). But for heavy traffic condition it is best to use combined BSC/TRC controller. NETWORK SWITCHING SYSTEM (NSS) NSS provides necessary interface for the connection of the wireless network to other networks (PSTN, PDN). It also provides support for the mobility of the GSM subscriber within GSM network. ‘The GSM switching system was designed to communicate with the PSTN through ISDN protocol. Basic components of NSS includes > at least 1 MSC — routes incoming mobile call to correct cell and network, > GMSC (Gateway MSC) — The MSC connected to PSTN is referred as GMSC. VLR (Visitor Location Register) — Temporary database used to hold information about MS. HLR(Home Location Register)—Permanent database contains information about subscriber account. > EIR(equipment Identity Register) and AUC(authentication Center) - helps to facilitate roaming. > ILR(Interworking Location Register) — used to allow intersystem roaming. To handle SMS system need to have SMS-GMSC(SMS-Gateway MSC) and SMS-IWMSC(SMS ‘Meghana MN, Assistant Professor, MIT ThandavapuraWIRELESS & CELLULAR COMMUNICATION ~ 18EC81 2.2 Interworking MSC). ‘The implementation of GPRS for high speed data transmission and reception uses 2 additional switching elements: SGSN(Serving GPRS Support Node) and GGSN(Gateway GPRS Support Node). ETWORK INTERFACE***** Q. Explain GSM Network Interface. GSM standard specifies the various interfaces between the GSM elements as shown in figure 5. ire 5: GSM network interfaces ‘There are 3 major interfaces in GSM network: 1. Um Interface: it is the air interface between the MS and BTS. It carries the GSM bursts carrying data and control information. 2. Abis Interface: it is the physical interface between BTS and BSC. 3. A Interface: it is the interface between BSC and MSC. 4, B Interface: It is used between MSC and VLR 5. C Interface: It is used between HLR and GMSC and also between MSC and HLR. 6. D Interface: It is used between HLR and VLR. 7. E Interface: It is used between MSC and another MSC. 8. F Interface: It is used between EIR and MSC and between EIR and GMSC. 9. G Interface: It is used between VLR and VLR 10. H Interface: It is used between HLR and AUC. ‘Meghana MN, Assistant Professor, MIT Thandavapura MODULE 2 PageOWIRELESS & CELLULAR COMMUNICATION ~ 18EC81 MODULE 2 GSM PROTOCOLS AND SIGNALING MODEL******* Q. Explain GSM signaling model with a neat diagram. ‘© Figure 6 shows the signaling model for GSM system where MS communicates with the MSC to provide system connection, mobility and radio resource management by sending between MS to BTS, between BTS and BSC and between BSC and MSC. Each interface in GSM system uses various protocols. MS cM wedsvea= S. Layer 1 Abis Interface: : GSM signaling model 1. Um Interface: © The S. Layer | is Signaling Layer | is an actual physical hardware or modulation scheme used to send the bit over the physical channels on air interface. The Layer 2 in Um interface uses LAPDm (Modified version of Link Access Protocol in D channel) protocol. LAPDm do not include error detection techinque but messages are segmented into shorter messages than LAPD. It includes all 3 management services: CM, MM and RR. 2. Abis Interface: ‘© Abis interface exist between BSC and BTS. The S. Layer 1 is Physcial Layer | is an actual physical hardware. ‘The Layer 2 in Abis interface uses LAPDm (Link Access Protocol in D channel) protocol. At Layer 3, most messages pass through BTS transparently. ‘Meghana MN, Assistant Professor, MIT Thandavapura Page 7WIRELESS & CELLULAR COMMUNICATION ~ 18EC81 MODULE 2 * BTS handles some of the RR management messages, these messages are managed by BTSM (BTS Management). 3. A Interface: A interface exist between BSC and MSC. Signaling over A interface is done according to BSSAP (Base Station Signaling Application Part) In MSC, Layer 3 is subdivided into 3 parts: RR, MM and CM which uses BSSAP protocol for message transfer between CM and MM. BSSAP protocol has 2 subparts as shown in figure 7: 1. DTAP (Direct transfer Application Part): used to send CM and MM messages between MSC and MS. I BSSAMP (Base Station System Management Application Part): used to send messages between MSC and BSC. Network DTAP Initial MS Messages Bss || _ BSSMAP DTAP = Direct Transfer Application Part BSSMAP = BSS Management Part Figure 7: Signaling between MSC, BSS and MS in GSM system. 4. Ater Interface: + _Itexists only in GSM system which has a separate unit for TRC (Transcoder Controller) and BSC. * Signaling between BSC and TRC is performed by BTAP (BSC/TRC Application Part) protocol over Ater interface shown in figure 8, where BSSAP signaling is sent through TRC, Network BSSAP ISCITRC Applicaton Part BSSAP= BSS Application Pat ‘Meghana MN, Assistant Professor, MIT Thandavapura PageWIRELESS & CELLULAR COMMUNICATION ~ 18EC81 MODULE 2 5. MSC Interface: ‘* GSM signaling model has 2 protocol stacks 1, LHS —A interface 2. RHS ~ MSC network interface to VLR, HLR and GMSC. * _Ithas following protocols: 1, MTP (Message Transfer Part): used to transport messages and for routing. SCCP (Signaling Connection Control Part): provides extensive addressing and routing. TCAP (Transfer Capabilities Application Part): Provides service for connectionles: MAP (Mobile Application Part): used for mobile communication. GSM CHANNEL CONCEPT * **** Q. Write a note of GSM channel or Explain logical channels in GSM. © GSM cellular network uses various control and traffic channels to setup radio link for the transmission of voice or data. 3.1 LOGICAL CHANNELS © Logical channels are used to carry TRAFFIC or CONTROL information, 1. TRAFFIC CHANNEL (TCH) © TCH used to carry speech and data traffic. © There are 3 types of TCH: TCH/F, TCH/H and EFR. 1)TCH/F_(Full-rate_Traffic_Channel): It carries one conversation using one timeslot. The transmitted voice signal is encoded at 13kbps data rate and with additional overhead the final channel data rate is 22.8kbps. 2)ICH/H (Half-rate Traffic Channel): It carries 2 conversations or a conversation and a data using ‘one timeslot. Voice is encoded at a rate of 6.5kbps and data at a rate of 4.8kbps and with additional overhead the final channel data rate is 11 4kbps. 3)EFR (Enhanced Full Rate): It encodes voice at 12.2kbps rate like TCH/F and with overhead the channel data rate is 22.8kbps. 2. CONTROL CHANNEL (CCH) © CCH used to establish communication between user and network access point and it carries signaling information, © There are 3 types of CCH: BCH, CCCH and DCCH. ‘Meghana MN, Assistant Professor, MIT Thandavapura Page9WIRELESS & CELLULAR COMMUNICATION ~ 18EC81 MODULE 2 1) BROADCAST CHANNEL (BCH) ‘It is used to provide information to the mobile station about various system parameters and also information about the Location area Identity (LAI). Here the MS can tune to particular BTS. ‘There are 3 types of BCH: BCCH, FCCH and SCH. BCCH ~ Broadcast Control Channel: ‘* It contains information that is needed by the MS about cell that it is attached to in order for the MS to start making or receiving call or roaming. It includes information like maximum output power allowed in cell and carrier frequencies of neighboring cells. ‘* _Itis used only in downlink direction from BTS to MS. ii, FCCH — Frequency Correction Channel: ‘* Ittransmits bursts of zeros to the MS. ‘© Signaling is done for 2 reasons: MS use this signal to synchronize itself to correct frequency and used by MS to verify correct channel. ‘* Itis used only in downlink direction from BTS to MS. Synchronization Channel (SCH): ‘© It is used to transmit the required information for the MS to synchronize itself with particular cell. MS gets information about frame number in the present cell and about BTS it is attached to. Itis used only in downlink direction from BTS to MS. 2) COMMON CONTROL CHANNEL (CCCH) * CCCH provides paging message to MS. © There are 3 types of CCCH: PCH, RACH and AGCH. i. Paging Channel (PCH): ‘* It is used by the system to send paging messages to the mobiles attached to the cell and mobile’s identity number. ‘The mobile will be paged whenever the network has an incoming call ready from the mobile or some SMS or MMS to deliver to mobile. © Itis used only in downlink direction from BTS to MS. ii, Random Access Channel (RACH): It is used by the mobile to respond to a paging message. If a mobile receives a page on PCH, it will reply on the RACH for signaling channel request. It gives the information’s to BTS like distance between MS to BTS, time delay to transmit ‘Meghana MN, Assistant Professor, MIT Thandavapura Page1 0WIRELESS & CELLULAR COMMUNICATION ~ 18EC81 MODULE 2 information from MS to BTS and many more. ‘© InGSM system, RACH signal allows the maximum radius of 35kms, ‘* Itis used only in uplink direction from MS to BTS. iii, Access Grant Channel (AGCH): * Itisused by the network to assign a signaling channel to the MS. ‘+ After mobile requests signaling channel over RACH, the network will assign AGCH to the mobile. Itis used only in downlink direction from BTS to MS. 3) DEDICATED CONTROL CHANNEL (DCCH): © DCCH are used for call setup, handover and for short message delivery function. ‘© There are 4 types of DCCH: SDCCH, SACCH, FACCH and CBCH. Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH): ‘+ The call setup procedure like the initial step required to setup a radio link is performed on the SDCCH. ‘* _Itis used both in uplink and in downlink direction from MS to BTS and from BTS to MS ii, Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH): ‘© It is used to transmit information about measurements made by MS or instructions from the BTS about mobile parameters. In uplink direction mobile sends measurement of received signal strength from its own BTS to neighboring BTS. ‘* In downlink direction MS receives information the BTS about mobile’s output level. ‘© Itis used both in uplink and in downlink direction from MS to BTS and from BTS to MS .. Fast Associated Control Channel (FACCH): ‘* Itis used to the provide handover in a GSM system. ‘* If handover is required, the handover signaling information is transmitted instead of 20ms speech segment. This operation is known as “Stealing Mode” since time allotted for voice conversation is stolen for short period of time. ‘* The subscriber is not aware of this loss of speech during this process. . Cell Broadcast Channel (CBCH): ‘* Itis used to deliver short message service in downlink direction. ‘Meghana MN, Assistant Professor, MIT Thandavapura Page1 1WIRELESS & CELLULAR COMMUNICATION ~ 18EC81 MODULE 2 SPEECH PROCESSING ‘* Speech processing of a GSM system is as shown in figure 9 oS Se |, [ae [reer rs aaa ee ees [reo Slop of 16osamplerot 2606 . ma ss. bits per20ms 486 its per20 ms 270 Kbps during 'Sbitsample 13 btsper20ms or IS Kbps, 0228 hips the transmission aH aa = Figure 9: GSM speech processing © The major blocks in the transmitter unit are: i, ADC: It converts analog speech signal to digital signal for transmission. This process produces 8000 samples of 13 bits/sample. Segmentation: The digitized speech is then segmented into 20ms segments. This block yield 160 samples of 13 bits/20ms, Speech coder: It is used to reduce the bit rate and the control errors. Coder produces 260 bits/20ms. Channel coding: It is used for detection and correction of bit error in the channel. It yields 456 bits/20ms, . Interleaving: It performs reordering of actual data sequence to minimize burst error during transmission. .. Encryption: It is process of converting data in codes. vii, Burst formatting: Itis a high bandwidth transmission which yields 270kbps during transmission. © The receiver works in the following manner: i, Receiver/demodulator: Signal burst are received and used to create channel model. bi equalizer: Channel model is created in the equalizer where an estimated bit sequence is calculated for received signal. iii, Decryption: After all the burst containing 20ms segment of speech has been received, deciphering is performed. . De-interleaving: The deciphered speech is reassembled into 456 bit message. v. Viterbi decoder: The sequence is decoded to detect and correct any errors that occurred during transmission, i, DAC: It converts transmitted digital signal back to analog speech signal. ‘Meghana MN, Assistant Professor, MIT Thandavapura Pagel 2WIRELESS & CELLULAR COMMUNICATION ~ 18EC81 MODULE 2 GSM FRAMES/ TDMA FRAMES * ****** Q. Explain GSM hyperframes / Explain the frame format used in GSM traffic. ‘© GSM frame structure is designed in 4 different ways as shown in figure 10: . Hyperframe i. Superframe ili, Multiframe iv. TDMA frame 1 Hyperframe = 2048 Supedframes = 2715648 TDMA Frames G hours 28 minutes $3 seconds and 760 microseconds) Either Fifty-One 26-Frame Moiaqnes or Twenty-Six ' 1 Superframe = 1326-LQMA Frames (6.12 seconds) t SL ‘Multiframes A (26 frame) Multiframe’S, (51 frame) Multifaaime = 26 TDMA Frames (120 ms) * (235 mid, slots (120/26. 4.615 ms) 80 | 131 14 | 13s | 186 | 157 Figure 10: GSM hyperframe structure 8 timeslots constitute a | TDMA frame. Frame number starts from 0 to 2,715,648. ‘This grouping of successive TDMA frames is known as Hyperframe, 1 Hyperframe consists of 2,048 Superframes and takes 3 hours, 28mins, 53 seconds and 760 ms to complete. Each superframe consists of 1,326 TDMA frames and takes 6.12 seconds to complete. ‘These superframes take 1 or 2 possible formats. i, Form | superframe format consists of 51 multiframes ii, Form 2 superframe format consists of 26 multiframes Each multiframes consists of 26 TDMA frames which takes 120ms to complete (for superframe) or 51 TDMA frames which takes 235ms to complete (for form 2 superframe). Within 1 TDMA frame there are 8 timeslots which takes 4,6ms to complete. ‘Meghana MN, Assistant Professor, MIT Thandavapura Pagel 3WIRELESS & CELLULAR COMMUNICATION ~ 18EC81 MODULE 2 4 TIMESLOTS The air interface timeslot has duration of 3/5200 seconds or approximately 577us as shown in figure . The transmitted burst timeslot is approximately 546ps. A bit time is 48/13ps or approximately 3.69. The overall bit rate over the air interface is approximately 270.8kbps. Air Interface Timeslot Data Burst - 0.546mSec or 148 Bit Periods —— 0.577mSec or 156.25 Bit Periods Figure 11: The GSM air interface timeslot ‘The start of TDMA frame on the uplink is delayed by 3 timestot periods from the downlink frame as shown in figure 12. © The purpose of delay is to avoid usage of same timeslot by both uplink and downlink. This extends mobile battery life and makes it easier for mobile hardware to implement RF operation. TDMA Frame Downlink (BTS to MS) fT ¥ isn igo Tein Uplink 7 Alco Ti 1 (MS to BTS) ‘TDMA Frame # Figure 12: TDMA timing offset between uplink and downlink ‘Meghana MN, Assistant Professor, MIT Thandavapura Page 1 4-WIRELESS & CELLULAR COMMUNICATION ~ 18EC81 MODULE 2 ‘TIMESLOT BURSTS / GSM BURSTS*** ‘© There are 5 different types of burst signal as shown in figure 13. LTDMA Frame » 8 Timeslots (120/26 ~ 4.615 ms) = [=] =o] Wie Times (15/26 = S777. Tit Tune = 48/13 = 3.68 fra 3 ‘Normal burst (NB) (Fag is Relevant for TCH Only) 142 Fixed its Frequency Conection Burst (Fy fray 3] 29 try is 39 Encrypted Bits ‘Synchronization Burst (Sb) 7-0 Synchroniation 7 Spector sotnerypecd wns |") Gi 3 68.25 bits ‘Access Bost (NM) Care sh Mixed nts 8 Maxed =Duminy Rant Di Ta-Tas GP~Gused Fev Figure 13: GSM traffic and control signal bursts 1. Normal Burst (NB): + Itconsists of two groups of 57 encrypted bits transmitted on either side of a Training Sequence. Training Sequence consist of alternate 0s and Is, ‘Two groups of 3 Tail Bits (TB) are placed before 1* group and last group of traffic bits. It consists of 3 zeros which provide time for the digital Dario circuitry to initialize itself. Two single Flag Bits are used to separate training sequence from encrypted bit groups. It is used to indicate whether the Encrypted bit contains traffic or control information. thas 8.25 bit long Guard Period (GP) at the end of the burst where no transmission takes place. Frequency Correction Burst (FB): Used by mobile to obtain frequency synchronization. + It consists of 142 fixed bits (binary Os) preceded by 3 Tail Bits (TB) followed by 3 TB in the last. ¢ Ithas 8.25 bit long Guard Period (GP) at the end of the burst where no transmission takes place. Page L ‘Meghana MN, Assistant Professor, MIT ThandavapuraWIRELESS & CELLULAR COMMUNICATION ~ 18EC81 MODULE 2 + This can be used on Frequency Correction Channel (FCCH). Synchronization Burst (SB): It is used by the mobile to obtain timing synchronization, % It consist of 3 Tail Bits (TBs) followed by 39 encrypted bits, a 64 bit synchronization sequence, 39 more encrypted bits, 3 TBs and 8.25 bit long Guard Period (GP). “The encrypted bits contain Frame Number (FN). + This can be used on Synchronization Channel (SCH). |. Access Burst (AB): Used by the mobile to facilitate random access request by the mobile and handover operations. It consists of 8 Tail Bits (TBs) followed by 41 bit synchronization sequence, 36 bit encrypted bits and 3 ‘TBs. + Ithas 68.25 bits long Guard Period (GP). % This can be used on both Random Access Channel (RACH) and Fast Associated Control Channel (FACCH). Dummy Burst (DB); It is transmitted on the radio frequency when no other types of burst signal are being transmitted. % It consists of 3 Tail Bits (TBs), 58 mixed bits, 26 bit training sequence, 58 more mixed bits, 3 TBs and 8.25 bit long Guard Period (GP). ‘The purpose of DB is to ensure that the BS is always transmitting on the frequency carrying the system information. ‘Meghana MN, Assistant Professor, MIT Thandavapura Page1 6Sub: Sub Code : - Mopore -02 GHapter O8- Gem SYSTEM OPERATIONS @ GSM X=venTITIES => TS Suottch a call to o moltle subsoutbex» the Sate rderitives need to be tvolved. earl one the GEM Sderithes ¢ 47 Moeue Gravion Asscowres Nomeers — The MS bac o Moblee Statton ISDN Nombex [Mexsen] whech tdenkepees a rnotrle telephone Subscsaptton tn PSTN numbereng plan. tire co dralable Humbex 4 t6 lenked to ote HER (Horme} Locatron Reqrate~] ARie, Srtesnatronal Mobrle Subcowtbe~ dertrty, Camsx) % a tdentaty, allocated te each eubscubes by unweless Sertce operator fo choved tn subsecetbes SEM, > “Re TEmpowomty Molkrle Sobsecetbe~ TEdlerrebety CrMsr) nombe % weed by GSM network +o puctect Ate subeoutbe= Preey ove the ars teteipacs: -y “The Tntexnatteral Moksle Faptprent et Camex) workes ¢ the otewnattonal Mobtle: Eqprpeert cider 4 Safiwone Veweton (emexsv) hombex ore veed by the Gem netusexnkK Boz eqytprnent tdenerercotton. 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STEP Ut HLR serde “pecurde somnmaq numbe”” moceco to msc] VER veeng Vim addsces ad deattrotten| STEP St VLR acke MSG to Setec aon rdle MeEN -Pucn tke avarlable pecl ab nemlceme 4also ascoctate th arth MERN Lese E-l6y So pion Et tac > pete M6ERN = cG+NpG+ SN ushess 6G= Gourtuy Gedo NDG= Nettonal Dectenateen Code SN = Sobsoutbex Nomberx MSEN @ esm_system operations (Teareic CLASES) * CALL SETUP > Goll eetup vorttan asm Syctom pongoures to drppemert opewattons ¢ 1. Deter sogetton 2. Radeo Recaoxce Gonmectten ectablrohmert SB. Semuvtce meqpect Us Authertroeotten Dept: Pg.no.|_LollsSub Code : 5. Crphesan mode Setttn. 6. OMe number check qT. M6x allecetren 8S. Call tettrotton q. “Reape channel acerqrmert Call Conftumeteon + cecepitng Seapeliong, e@-4> GSM INTERROGATION Puace Of Cart Setor — Fou-the Toten weqorte place 4. The cettral Addxees eae Cram) Gomes pmo ovterde the GSM nelusoHk vanng Prctecel. 2. GMEG Gon eerd a maqeest to the Flextble Numbesent Regrste~ CFNR) fexetar meds begonc kerma eertto UALR. 3. Fou Seconty meacons., the sobsourber dota com be etored + Updated tn 2 HLRs ctmoultorecod ys B Gem nodes (Mec/vLR 4 @Msc) Vece TAM tneceaqe to Commenrcete wrth exch other. MECH MLR ose FSEWADSN | IAM | Send Routing, Alnitial Address Message) Information Provide Roaming 4 Number Lf Provide Roaming | ‘Number Information Send Rowtng (Initial Address Message) SM Anker mogatten plose ef call Setupsub Sub Code : 2-2) Ravio Resoorce Connection EstablisttMent 9 on l C (2) ————— (2) Channel request G3) + (3) Description of the allocated channel BIS Raene = + GEM wodto wesoo~ce connection extoblechen | i Paging Paging Command | fadio Resource Paging Request | ie Feroouce | Chanel Reqs pact ey eo i Channel Required ia | E | Channel Activation | ‘Channel Activation | ‘Acknowledge Tenmedite Assignmest ie Command [Radio Resource | Immediate Assignment (actly Mobile Station Base Transmiter Base Station Mobile Switching 1s) Station (BTS) Contrater (BSC) Center (MSC) ys Detatled rneesagtr dower, GSM Sadto mwecouxce Corn on edtablrshrment + Fg Step: Msc] VER enttrates coll eet Up b| conding cee to powtrolox Ste] Bs. (ease ctotton), Fagen STEP At LAT te provided by Meato BSG. BSG ontarne GUbeécmtbowe EMSE nombex, BECRVSS ran, an g tranclates Dept: pg.no. lo [leSub: STEP St Ser at Suro: Ster sit Late can ( cell Qlobal SEdertety) mormben « Sub Code : esc conde Pagtng command tnecrage to oppzeprat]= Bsc . Meeeage. went) contotn Falloverens tafoxtnatren : amex /TMex . poqns, poor + Channel) nombex: BrSs senda ra meqvect treccage to MS wohedh te semt on PCHC Pager g channel). MS seéporde +o Pag trecsags b sereing @ Ghancel mequedt. mee: 2 to STS. coke LO teanéenrtted over RACH: Bers serde channel wequtned treceage, to Bsc!) when accees bumet tw detected. Bsc debexrrres chante) touse $ sendéa channel acktakton mesaage to STs, latex BTS acktvated chonnel § eerde Shannel ackevatten message back to &Sc. y Bee corde tremedtate assrqnmnent command 40 BTS g BTS to MS OVE AGCH (Access Gsock Channel) « Dept: Pg. No. o IIs> mn thee Sub: Sub Code 2d) GSM Gervice Request Operation! we Re Genres, sequect phase O6CUNS Qe soon oo the me hae tuned to the mens camnel acergned tory re 6 slows the opercteon ap Sexutce men pocey Serer 4s SABM (eet Asyrchwencus Balanced Mode) treséage fo cent fem Ms to STS. + ack re sent back to MS Feom BTS ran VA Cor-numbem Acknowledgement’) -fsarne wheckh bas a Poesy ~mesponte mesee’ STEP 2: HTS Cernde sctablesh tmdreatton cmeseage to tse Ukeokh Las yy msepone] vonage STEP 5+ Bec cerde Connectton weqrect tresoage +o Méc - Le cennectten ee Comgeareed hen mecéoge ee cent to Bsc. Prece Genco wustiched Connestton ts ectalleshed. Ee] la! SABM. (Paging Response) aging Response) Connection Request (Paging Response) Connection Confirm Mobile Station Base Transmitter Ms) Dept: | Peque 6: G@SM sesance, mequest opewatten : Base Station ‘Mobile Switching! Controller (BSC) Center (MSC) ~ Station (BTS) Pg. No. oFSub: ‘Sub Code : Bt) Gsm _AoTHENTICATION Operations GSM _AO THEN TCATION VEERATTISNS J The authentrosteen PReceet fe shea em pretest A 3 doperdnng, wpon the escchange Peopentres stowed tn Mec/vLR opertote~ can deorde whethes authertrcaatton 8 actrveted oF not actevated. Srera: me avthertraatton te ockwated » an cxotherdecatrcn wequect ee 26 sent to Me. Ster Bt Meceogs: contaterng 128-brt RAND (Rondom Nurmbes) $ CKSN Corplieting Kes Seqvpence, Noumbe=) (6 sent wen MS over the sDcclH Cetand-alere Dedtcated Gentucl channel)-prom BTSs. Srep 31 MS stowee CKSN ¥ Colouldtes SRES Cerguel Reoponee) vseng RAND. SRES ~ RAND + Kkt+t Ke usheme Ke = Subscutdew avthentrcateon i Stored en sxm Ko~ Autherteceteon algoxtttinn. Srer yt voluse op, SRES fo mchoned fo msc asa -ewonspevert avthentecattan, seeege ; Step 5% Belween esc + BTS data megpect- -Peames| @ data mdecatton fuamee ave veet to pacs| Dept : Pg. No.Sub Code : | ia] p tte u | CO Data Request | Mobility — { Ufsgemest| Authorization Request ‘Authorization Request | CCH) |

Motite Station Base Transmitter Base Station Mobile Sivitehing | t (Ms) Station (BTS) Controller (BSC) Center (MSC) Rane Fr asm ovuthertrcateon operattone 25> GSM C\PHERING Mese Getring OPeration > “he puccece of. at rnode, solieng, Re chon an Feqne & SteEr 4: Msc serde Cepheneng mode cormmnand +o BSc. STEP Bt Bsc Stones the udve ge Ke 4 sends Crpheneng| mode corrmard to Ms. STEP 51 MS tneesto Ke 4 TDMA Buome nocmbes into ancthes avthentrcatton algqomethins ushtok vstll Greate o cal eeapoerce . STEP Ys Ctphes mede complete: speseage. te cor to Sts. ster 5% Urs éerde dectphevtn, gor to Msc vea data tadrcatton frome Dept : Pg. No.Sub Sub Code : g Radio Resource (spccH i Ee] [sFEE Eneryption Command Cipher Mode Command Time Cipter Mode Complete Radio Resource = wis (SDCCH) ata Indication | | (Cipher Mode Complets) | Cipher Mode Command Mobile Station Base Transmitter Base Station Mobile Switching (ts) Station (QT) Controller (BSC) Center (MSC) Frqous S 3 asm Care mode sotheng opeateons 26> Geom mMex CuEeck Sos Se ee STEP At The IMEE no. t6to be Checked b& eendeng, serdeng tdemtrly, mreaqpect creesage, Pact Mec to MS ae ekeen ta Payee a Ster 8: Mobel cnanagenent & MS tder ~ecponec| rneceage one cent: broneponently leelasesn were} SSc. exer s+ Valve of IMEX eect by molale to changed egormer e=R Cequrprernt eth Regtetel datokase. EXER UE EXR Con weturn 5 status modse Gow Mis bacld +0 nelisoxk- DMS can be “whtts (reted”™ allots to Vee. nekcotk- wD Me can be “black lested ”- not allocosd to Vee metusone . rd MS con be “ lected” - pebioont openates Should dectde ef MS Gan Lee nelusonk ow Bt. _| Dept : Pg, No. \Sub: Sub Code Identity Request Data Request see Mobility Identity Request (identity Request) Time Magnet | (Dc) Motitiy | __ Identity Response | Management | car) Data aiaton Tien Reps) nity Response | \ Mobile Station Base Transmitter Base Station Mobile Switching | (is) Station (BTS) Controller (BSC) Center (SC) | Fequtie VP GSM EMER CREO: 2 GSM MSI REALLOCATION OPERATION —> “me value se TMer number te osed to ensoxs perce ag the cnobtle sobecutben. Sree as Mer twrnbes es cent tuonspowently to Ms” furor Mes yea TMS eallocatton Ceramand as hore th “EEGs te STEP Ar “hte mneatorlete Sey Coot re dwonceattied overs SbccH Suen wits to Ms. AMSx number t6 stowed ta STM Cond. ra. \ + Pat jac} < & L : Data Request TMSI Realocation TMSIReallocaion | <= Command Mobility ‘Command (TMSI Reallocation. Th Mesgement | Command) ime (SDC eae TMS! Reallocation Mobility Command ment {C—O | (SDCCH) Data Indication TMSI Reallocation (CIMSTReallocation Command Command) Motite Station Base Transmitter Base Station Mobite Switebing (sts) Station (BTS) Controller (BSC) Center (MSC) | Pg, No. ol Dept: Testo to! GSA TMST weallocatten OpSub: CS Sub Code : 2-=> GSM CALL TINT TEALT ZATION OPERATION STEP 4 2 =e call ect LP puccess the trattrerseten cctup Eneses qe. re cent pm MEG to MS as shown] oH Cae as. STEP Bs Gennectten managment seesenge es sent ever dousnlenk Sthactt from ers to MS. STEP Si The Ms cstll 6end call congencned snecenre on wplenk SpccH ep tk con tondle the. megpected se~tce. Setup | Connection i Management (Sep) 4 sae (sDCcH) Data Request | Setup Connection’ Management «sDCcH) Call Confirmed Data Indication (Call Confirmed) Call Confirmed Mobile Station Base Transmitter (as) Base Station Station (BTS) Mobile Switching) Controller (BSC) Center (MSC) Fequue ts GSM coll enettaleccteon opexakton - 2-4) GSM “TRAFFIC CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT STEP 4. it TKaggrc chonnel soerqnenent eo eacttated by Mscas showsernitn aie IB. Mec sende aes erent ~ eqpeet ke Bsc. STEP ® wee calevlatee MS ovtpet pouses level , ce! scale Exapgre channele 4 ende a channel acktvakten pee eens: to STS. Step St BTS serde an ack via Channel acttoatren meecage te Sse. Dept : Pg. No. LeSub : Dept: STEP Gt ‘Sub Code : STEPH Bsc ectup a palh haeugh the qvowp eustich Bow the Lwagere 4 tende an ascergntnert: Gerrard veeocaqe: te me athrch bab wnfo-rnattor Aboot nee chatnel aeergninent re, TOU+S ACH] HEACCH sent over spcctt. STEPS = MSG tones te mew Channel § sends SARM eve FAGGH +o wdrcate evccesahol allocateon e& news channel. BTS wecetves ~ serde vA toms ord an Setoblrsted tmndrocateen prescage tothe tsa. STEP +2 M6 sends aeerqnenent Comtbek= teeenags to mec te wndrcate, Eeaggre ckannel es soon ing. Str Sst Eenaley esc cernds o speesaqe. fo BTS thatthe channel tS mo Keays needed Im fhe foun oh RE ~weleace “eee Bo pecertves ack Pow sa Assignment Request | Sam Ain Channel Activation Acknowledgement Data Request Assignment Command (Assignment Command) Time | Establishment Indication > Data nication Assignment Conplete Assignment (Assignment Command) RF Channel Release Acknowledgement Mobile Station Base Transmitter Base Station Mobite Switching” ax (ts) Station (BTS) Controller (BSC) Center (MSC) Fequue te: asm “aggre Ghonnel BéergrenentSub: Sub Code ; 2-10) GSM GALL GonFIRMATION 4 CALL Aecepter RELEASE ahe col) congtumatton procedums estos usten MS Gerde o txonapeved clewting, Roe eee the Méc a6 shoontan Frquse 15. whroh tndractes sangre tm the mobrle. STEP EE taher aliwting mesenge te mecetved the Msc|ViR| ferde TOP addwese. | wWhewe collen subscatken heome ~the. nngeg, tone, wn MEéC, STePit When MSG Oger answexs , connect mecaage t& Bent te the MSG, whech serdé ocknowled Gemer} message bocK to MS. Thwee Cue conmecteon managment peer STP Bt E Connection |" Aterting Management (FACCH) Data Indication } (Alerting) Alerting ‘Adress Complete >, Message Toward. Time PSTN Cometion | coneat { Managemen (FACCH) Data Indication | (Gonneed Connet | Faswerag Megs | Data Request Connest ene Connect chnowledge Originating Connection} Acknowledge ‘Cennet ee Exchange \ Management [<==] pctnowtegge) { (FACCH) | Mobite Station Base Transmitter Base Station Mobile Switching \ 1s) Staion (STS) Contreier (BSC) "Center nS). { Rate SM coll Gonfoxmatton 4 Call Occespted Dept : pono. ISub: Sub Code : @ Locarno Geoin'ng > “The opewatton Used to coppont the cobrosthees tmobrl vottttn the GSM rebucoxk 76 Kroon ae hacatron Updateng . > “hence. ome S eyree ee locateen vpdctena, scheme, weed tn Gem 6yetom: A. Normal |Foxce segretweotron lecotron cv @. mMex attech| detach locatton opslating, = Pewtedre lecateen updateng, Bay NoamaL LocaTion Uppating (pie Mobe DERMAL oce hor panne SDE). e Lecalten anes te dapinsd as a quoup op colle thal te contwolled by one ow Mowe Bsc useth ora MSC. shen Mec te en tdle mode , te Wetens to tern tneowrrateon fenk over Bact (Brcadcact Contwel chan — =cp mse delecto LAT derggement--S-ere etoxed wn SEM cond ,the MS test pergpoutn o fNextmal locatren opdate”. > 6 deggexert phase af epenciron te peupoxrned. Strep 42 GSM LOGATION OPDATI wa] RADIO RESouRCE ESTABLIGHMENT OPERATION > Fruek step af the process 16 to pexfoxrn swadto mweeseouxce comnectton ectableabhrment opexatron a a6 sheusn tn Ras Up. (ox GSM Lecetten wpdeteng =r Ae shousn th -frqene 5 - Me eerdé chonnel weqrest eeaqe ove RACH 4 BTS tntown sendé earce. prec eage to | Dept: Pg. No. CO) tleSub: Sub Code : > TE apres epcatt te ovarlable , BSc ferde a channel actevatton message. to GTS, = Once channel hae been acktuated ,-the BSc send an za (trornedrate aeorqrenent treeeags) to Mé 4+ Starts t a ser -krene. (1) Sytem information \ 2) Rdisesource (RR connection | ‘sblshment= chanel request (0) Srvc inition ” (6) Authetntion &») , (5) Location tng | (6 Aecepanes | | ® ea ee ccmseireese oe prs: MS a rege Irs GSM Locatton Updeters eit |_Chame Request \ eset |] act Cinna Regi { —<—<——$ P| Tine Channel Activation ‘Channe Asivation Acknowledgemert Immediate Assignment ‘Command Rati : TRE meceage Te Gert kack to M6 VIa OA Mreerage, —r “Thre trfowrratron te eert to BSC cotthen setablesh Dept : Po.no.[_JL ILE )Sub : Sub Code : trabrcatton pnseeaqe ; > Wher hee Message. O-xtves at (6c ttre te dreabled $ A meceage te cent te Méo vorthrr o Gennectton saqguect message. he Mes acknesledge thee tufesenatron Loy serde Conhectten Confewmned message. back to Bsc. SEC S~ AUTHENTICATION ¢ GtPHERING Move SeTring se Autherercolran Co perpowtwned por new Uretone to Mea[viR+ Méo|VUR Pexgorm a check af tte excbhange propentre® to detewtntne of avthertt moet ftoke place. > Crptemtng Prey ont teeasg het be actewated doperceng wpen status of MS, te pextodre, ae (iy posgeecned ern need motto ke actu . Step 4 2 GSM LocATION UPDATING ACCEPTED - mec[veR accepts locctron opdatengs the meolvier sende \lecatten opting accepted message hmough BSO P BTS to MS over sDcoH. 06 tm Rae me, uy The creseage Mée[VER noe Ceckern TMer Heornbex gcthen msi tespende Serdtug a cmM6er allecatron complete trescsage to MSG. + metre lecokton updating weqpest te waqected 2 then Mec cerde locotton optateng mage tneecage to MS. Dept : po.No.{_|L1 [4Sub Sub Code : (Location Update Request) Establish Indication (Cocation Update Requesy Connection Request | (Location Update Request) ——— | (ocation Update Request) Connection Confirmation | <—— \ Mobile Station Base Transmit b i ase Transmitter jase Station Mobile Switehia, (ss) Station (BTS) Controller (BSC) Center (MSO) | Rqone 6 £ &S™ locaton Updateng Seve wequest - v 1 = | Location Updating | Leek chep th lecateon vydateng peccess occous ashen mobto Xesoouce Connectton ts nelensed ae Shown — Regen \e. => mothe molale £6 tra on acktve meade, ac ct change. locakron oxea the puecess descanbed must +e, dela vektl call *6 seleased 2 th metorms to dle state. > thence tnckale ustll wecetve meus LAT evex SAccH. Dept: Pg. No Teoy | | a | Clear Command mae | Channel Release (Channel Release) Deactivate SACCH Disconneet Time Release Indication RF Channel Release IRE Channel Release Acknowledgement Clear Complete Mobile Base Transmitter Base Station Mobile Switching ms) Contralter (BSC) Center (MSC) Pg. No.Sub: Sub Code : Se) G@om iMex peach | ATTACH LOCATION OPPATING > Deperding. upen “the GEM system + the ME may Lee bhen Ms powens Te fonned sof » rooltle. mespooet eco! eves cohkeoh ME serels OQ message to the pekwouk than tet clout ts exter detactied state -e Ree tS updated tee ULE} TE mofece amcor, Calle gsierm MS % demde aq vertce meeenge back Lo calles “Hat sulcertber to Comwently orevratlal —z pn EMSx attoch, TE ME TS pousemed on ee) the lecatron owen, Where does Pexgovered ar detock Salloustes, oyexaicone take plece ce shoon tn Te BO. (1) Radio resource (RR) connection (la) (4) Acknowledgement message from VLR | (ls) i (5) Acknowledgement message from MSC. (ib) | rs 4") ‘psc ++} mscvvir_|} = Q) 8) i) © sie Sone nO) earner maentiast MSE attach ae Po. No.|_IL¥ [8Sub: Sub Code : 4 Me weguscte O SRCOH , dydlem wecerves rmex attach thesaage: For M6 Msc pasece the attach Record on to VLR: > ViR ~ueletrcs MS te coltve Stcku® 4 secon] noxteal call Frardleng fox me. st Meo[uer moteurs on Mex cttach ack meat Me. 5-2) Pemovic Location Orpering Fentevic Location Ormaring: — xh re wced to prevent cca aa weed of neluscndks wesoumce » ORE eyctern Uses pertedrtc megtctuctron , teolerle te wafoutmed hous apt]en th snuck menpotan. > When Mo ttrnew Sscptees -MS pexgonme o lecotton updoteng. => apthe Ereee mithe Mec eseptwes begoe MS tk cles pesfors locateon vpdatens, 4 Mec derotes MS ac detached. > =S vpdeteng, openstton re poxfoumed on terme, mec sede aenoroled green tothe Ms. Dept : Po.no.[_|L2JfoSub: Sub Code : @® Cart Hanporr —r Hardee [Hordeves occune shen on ockwe mokrle Steattot, changes celle. —> “he mosk commen Handove operabters cet 4. GSM ciedetia- Bsc handoves 2. GSM Tote -ESc Lordover BS. GSM artex-Mse hardwerw. at 4@SM TLNTRA- Bsc HANDOVER ae prccecs that ccaue dusang the tntuo Sse handover te ae ehouentn Fqsne Bt sheps Ome a6 follows - Bsc Step 5 Step #6 Step #7 \ | Feqowe 21% @SM cinta -B Sc hhondoverc Dept : Pano. L_IL2:!Sub Sub Code: STEP 4: Dunmng the call ,MS cotll measone the Stuer git z qo Ney of the erqnel oh -the ott of Comment 4 Seats Gell. GTEP 2: MS Serde sSsulte to BTS meosusments every & Lemes en 4 Second, Then STs utll Gend the neavit ce Meacoument ob Tol t osc. STEP B+ an Sse the Gonckron es ackevated shen Wes necessary to perfestn handevey to ancthe: cell STEP x Loken bardever eo done 5 OSG GhecKS ag Glare) weqvesk cnet ey mew cell. STEr St Hardover access tr then cert: to mens Bre. STEP 6. BSS usell CSkKthe GTS Bo: a long teme to derd 0 meecoge to MS cotth tageurmnctees Sloot cterne , Preqpoerty 4 Powe - STEr Hi Once bhardover re compleke . MS que occese GH ned BTS 4 BIS tafowre the BSc. Serer St old STS wecetves channel deasizvateon oudet Quem BEG after completton s& hrordovex 49 res cell BTS. Povo. 3] Dept :Sub: Sub Code : 4 GSM Tntrer - BSC HANDovEeR He Ka eter e6c herdover the molotle hoe tnoved toa cell that tetra depgerent Itottan oven 4 hence hace dggerent ESC. Feqens. Be Shovss tke BTS 1B Step #3 sepis Step #107” ae {Operation | | Step At2 5 Step a6 | & ———+} sca | Ti gene RQ’ GSM ietest |S | Hordever \ } \ | } \ STEP 4: Somveng wesc sends 0 bordovex mweqptued meosog~ to Mec. STEP 2 MS deletes the Bewwma BSC ox the mero cell 2 sends a handover meqvect to news BSc. STEP S52 New Bsc serde an corde» to the neo BTS to octtote @ Tor: STEP UE BSc Serde Channel tmPorrectton 4 hordover meference to the mec. Dept: Po.no.|_ [RISSub Sub Code STEPS: MSG paccee Chamme| taformctton to old Bsc STEP 6; MS te tretrected Lo change: bo reed “Tce. ales qete hendover wePexence Mgeatoatton - STEP HiMs tones to Nevo “Tott & berd@ bLoudovew accses boxset to new Acct. eter Si Nene ots detecte bondwer cceess boweta + cards Lttmeng twiFowmetron on FAcctt fo Me . 6TEF Yt Nao BTS cerde atandever detecteon message to neo BSC. STEP to: WhenMS ~ccenes Ere THgawrnakton tt eerds a handoven Gemplete message te Bsc, STEP tts New Bso cends o hardover Coroplete weasage to old Bse via Msc ever la: old Tot y SACCH one deactrvated by old BTS. yay Gsm TINTER-Msc HANGOVER — —» when Bsc dectdes Hata handover: should cocoon + tthe mess cell aves belongs to another Misc, such hondoves: 6 Krocen 86 ote MSG Landover: shou en Bqune es. STEP A: BSS serdeng a hordever meaqermed npesage to the coring Msc + STEP Bi Sewvtng MEG asks news Msc fox belp. STEP S: New MSc alllecotes “ handover: Tembex?? 4 hhrondovew meqvest Te sent to neo sc, STEP yt News BSc sendé a comtrand to neo BTS bo acttvate dle tToH. STEP 5% Neo Mes ~ecorves: MEoumatton about meio ert » handever ~ePerence, Dept Po.no. |_|Sub: Sub Code : STEP 6 2 TCH deeowtpiten $ handover segenernce te paceed onto old Mec cotth bardever member . STEP +2 Se potensy | TReagere lek te ect up Prorn the Bowme Mec te neus MSC. STEPS! Pordoves Command treseage to cent te MS SvTEP GQ: MS tones to ned TH} serds Fondover Gocess STEP to: Neo BTS detects occess bowet a senda crema tegowmnetten to MIS on FACCH. ISTER Ut Old Mec 26 enkerared cbout the hardover eccess bunet. ISTE 182 Handover Complete trocenge PS Semt -Paucrn Ms] Coll AT ) \,_Step#l2 Step #12 | Step #8 \ | \ pease ae | +——+} MSCIVLRA CellABI BTS 1BL Step #4 Sepa Sip | 3 Sen Step#12 Step #5 | se ae | Sept pues BES mandoVex Dept : P9.No.[_][2 ISSub: Sub Code : ® G@SM TONeRasTRUCTORE Communications Lom TZNTtTeRFACE > “hrs provides come addeteonal deterle choot tyre Of Cermmontcatrane 4 trecsages that ore cent oo nce® ~adts \enK ox OM eoteutace. 5-4) GSM PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE REVIEL. = Rane SUX aS chose the plows of wwgomrmotton petiseen @ ned]es en a Retusok, TERS TAR ! Layen x caf) | Coe ep LAER © TYER amet > woke fea a pee | ea bye] TL dheae LANER 1 LAYER 4 1 Pryce Pry eteal | 1 acess |eplennl em Labex | “ TT ' — ¢ conposn ston | Frqune 26% InPoxmotton slow et ~plovo . | 5 blo em owen 7 User wnfourratton f6 Gert to protecel Stack acm~ees +e] physrcal roterngoce. > ccreoch layeus there Gie puotéccl ectttees colt OP ced Sow Hronsfesz 4 Comrevrecskten of. Tooumottor Pee eceen odfacent layewe cenutce Prtmettues axe veed ow Cormmenrcateon. betwee depgenent puotecel extrtres: Wy Tingoutnatton buoneGew eccove as SAP [Service Access] Port], Dept :Sub: Sub Code : 5-2) Laver S + Netoor« LAYER Operation — im GSM lager S provedes the cnobrle network oy CMNe)- => vorthen lage GS, © cvblayex escret + Connectton Maragment Com) » Molorlety, Moragesest Cum) $ Robto Resoomce. mranogtwent: GRR) a6 shown to Frquxe’ 26. —> MS cortatne all 5 epblayence sMec bas GMa MM protocol » Eso bas RR. MS ' Bre Bese mse \ cm ise om — ae, pace MM ' [a | RR t (RR) RR (Re i ' ' ' Li ttt t_i 1 rye 26s Dretxtbutton ag tegen 3 es fonction A. Gonnecrieon Manaament [om] Se ee > Tt conten Goncteone fox bhe Apilsucrng, q a) Catt Gourrer [ce] oxe veed eas call ectableshment. Sewer, worth Me desleng, o dratte. » SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE SUPPORT Known as SMG- Shoxt- meeeage comtsol utlhecki uses SM-CR- Shot Meesage Gontwol Protocel ved fe tranaper Short meseage betuscon Ms 4+ MSc. > Suprlemewtany Service lee] veed fox call Soncslthy Dept: Pg. No. |_|L2 ||]Sub: Sub Code : 2. Mesiity Maniament Lum > MM Gobloyer pengoume & types of Procedones: tet ore selated to crolotl eoppent , bubsce~thew Gen, prdentralety sews ce CM a 5 > Mobtle: suppent Procedoxe tndlude drggenent locateda updetren, > Subeoutbes Gongedertralety tclode authenttcetren » MEE weallecatten y Me tdenttgrcatton - 7 Sewres sf OM aa set MM Sow Goremorecateen 6. Racto Resoorce Mansamert [Re] v — > RE sublagers CeomrontcatSe dreectly useth er 4 Gow the eachangs. 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