According to our readings, the endocrine system is composed of cells, tissues, and organs that

secrete hormones that are essential for maintaining homeostasis. The body organizes its
functions primarily through neuronal and endocrine communication. (Betts et al., 2013)

Clinical disorders
According to Kravets, hyperthyroidism is an overabundance of thyroid hormones in tissues
induced by an increase in thyroid hormone synthesis, an excessive release of preformed thyroid
hormones, or an endogenous or exogenous extrathyroidal source. (Kravets, 2016).
As our country is surrounded by water, I'm thankful that I could have seafood such as shrimp if I
so desired. According to our textbook, a shortage in dietary iodine can impede the body's ability
to manufacture T3 and T4, resulting in a number of serious illnesses. (Betts et al., 2013).
TSH is secreted in greater quantities when T3 and T4 cannot be synthesized. As a result of this
hyperstimulation, thyroglobulin accumulates in the follicles of the thyroid gland, increasing their
colloid deposits. The disease known as a goiter is caused by the buildup of colloid within the
thyroid gland.
According to our readings, however, the principal source of dietary iodine in many countries is
iodized salt, as not all regions are near the ocean and cannot consume fresh seafood. The United
States began iodizing salt in 1924, and international efforts to iodize salt in the world's poorest
nations continue to this day. (Betts et al., 2013).
Iodine is also beneficial to our intellect, making iodine deficiency the leading cause of
preventable intellectual disabilities globally. (14)
A pituitary or thyroid tumor is frequently the cause of hyperthyroidism, which is characterized
by an unusually high blood level of thyroid hormones. In Graves' disease, the hyperthyroid
condition is caused by an autoimmune reaction in which antibodies overstimulate the thyroid
gland's follicular cells. [15]

Impact on public health

My stepsister has goiter, and I discovered that she is also allergic to iodine-rich seafood, so I
advise her to use iodized salt instead. As certain individuals are allergic to seafood, this has an
effect on community health. In addition, we appreciate international initiatives to iodize salt. As
it began in the US. Mild hyperthyroidism during pregnancy is typically not a cause for concern.
However, untreated severe hyperthyroidism during pregnancy can have adverse effects on both
mother and child. If you have hyperthyroidism and want to become pregnant or are pregnant,
you should work with your doctor to bring the condition under control. (Hyperthyroidism,2022)
Anatomical terminology

In chapter 17, I learnt a great deal about the endocrine system, which helped me tremendously
because both my stepsister and my sister's fiancee have a thyroid condition. According to our
readings, the thyroid gland produces and secretes the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and
thyroxine (T4) in response to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary.
Iodine is required for the synthesis of the amino acid derived T3 and T4 hormones. Lack of
iodine in the diet can result in goiter, cretinism, and numerous other illnesses. (

References

Kravets I. (2016). Hyperthyroidism: Diagnosis and Treatment. American family physician, 93(5),

363–370. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26926973/

Hyperthyroidism . (2022, July 23). National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney

Diseases. Retrieved September 23, 2022, from https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-

information/endocrine-diseases/hyperthyroidism

Betts, J. G., Young, K. A., Wise, J. A., Johnson, J., Poe, B., Kruse, D. H., Korol, O., Johnson, J.

E., Womble, M., & DeSaix, P. (2013). Anatomy and physiology. OpenStax.

https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-introduction