Anomalies of the Placenta

Anomalies of the Placenta

• The placenta and cord are always examined for the 3. Battledore Placenta The cord is inserted
presence of anomalies after birth. marginally rather than centrally.
• The normal placenta weighs approximately 500 g
Signs and Symptoms Complications
and is 15 to 20 cm in diameter and 1.5 to 3.0 cm
• Vaginal bleeding • Fetal distress
thick. • Low amniotic fluid • Low birth weight
• Its weight is approximately one sixth that of the • Preterm Labor
fetus.
• A placenta may be unusually enlarged in women
with diabetes. 4. Velamentous Insertion of the Cord
• In certain diseases, such as syphilis or Is a situation in which the cord, instead of
erythroblastosis, the placenta may be so large that entering the placenta directly, separates into
it weighs half as much as the fetus. small vessels that reach the placenta by
• If the uterus has scars or a septum, the placenta spreading across a fold of amnion.
may be wide in diameter because it was forced to
Signs and Symptoms Complications
spread out to find implantation space.
• PROM • Fetal distress
Anomalies of the Placenta • Vaginal bleeding • Intrauterine growth
• Low birth weight restriction (IUGR)
1. Placenta Succenturiata: Placenta
Succenturiata is a placenta that has one or more
5. Vasa Previa The umbilical vessels of a
accessory lobes connected to the main placenta by
velamentous cord insertion cross the Cervical OS
blood vessels.
and therefore deliver before the fetus.
Signs and Symptoms Complications
Signs and Symptoms Complications
• Vaginal bleeding • Increase Maternal
• PROM • Fetal hemorrhage
• Abdominal pain Mortality and Morbidity
• Vaginal bleeding • Chorioamnionitis
• Preterm Labor • Postpartum Hemorrhage
• Low birth weight • Respiratory distress
• Postpartum Infection
syndrome

2. Placenta Circumvallata The fetal side of the

placenta is covered to some extent with chorion. The 5. Vasa Previa Is an unusually deep
umbilical cord enters the placenta at the usual attachment of the placenta to the uterine
midpoint, and large vessels spread out from there. myometrium so deeply the placenta will not
loosen and deliver.
Signs and Symptoms Complications
• Vaginal bleeding • No abnormalities were Signs and Symptoms Complications
• Inhibited fetal growth associated but presence • PROM • Fetal hemorrhage
• Premature rupture of should be noted. • Vaginal bleeding • Chorioamnionitis
membrane • Low birth weight • Respiratory distress
syndrome
 Anomalies of the Umbilical Cord
omalieof the
• Umbilical cord connects the baby to the mother’s Umbilical Cord Knot
placenta. Definition: An umbilical cord knot happens when
• It contains three vessels which are two arteries and your baby moves around in a manner that
one vein (AVA). causes a loop in the cord as if it were tied.
Signs and Symptoms Complications
• Decreased fetal movement • Fetal Distress
Anomalies of the Umbilical Cord • Abnormal fetal heart rate • Low birth
• Meconium-stained weight
amniotic fluid • Infant
1. Two Vessel Cord: Two Vessel Cord or Single mortality
Umbilical Artery is an umbilical anomaly in which
there is an absence of one umbilical artery
surrounding the fetal bladder.

Signs and Symptoms Complications

• There aren't any • Low birth weight
signs or symptoms • Trisomy 18
associated with the • Infant mortality
condition.

2. Unusual Cord Length:

• Normal cord length is 30-70cm, averagely 50cm
• Short cord: <30cm is defined as short cord, may
lead to fetal distress, placental abruptio, prolonged
labor
• Long cord: >80cm is defined as long cord, higher
occurrence of cord around neck, cord around
body, cord knot, cord prolapse and cord
compression.

Nuchal Cord
Definition: This happens when the baby’s umbilical
cord wraps around their neck or body.
Signs and Symptoms Complications
• Decreased fetal movement • Infant mortality
• Abnormal fetal heart rate • Fetal distress
• Meconium-stained • Meconium
amniotic fluid. aspiration