| | ron yok ay\\o\n2 Signous OO doveiks ( cor TepTeAeMABEOD Ey Pie) | t d | 8 : ~ AMPEG Lime Domoia : WE ee a aces : Te Amn ' » F- Frequancy > Es] > RCNprse Dora an: | a y Q= MdInNe | Le ee La T= Mosq | « Signais axe the Poystend Representation oF Don: la user OF 0 communicarton Syprom once [ko exchange data, omy possible Unough the bronamiasion ‘¥ Jayer y. physicrd Loyer) of he OSL Yeferen model 1B Yesponai ole fox conversion OF | dake: ja dignals axe Fysckion’ of Hime and Location x Bignot povomekera “Yepresent Xho data values athe digns for radio Tyangrussion axe | Sing waves « Greneras Function of oO Sine wove Gee 2A Sin Conf, + DE) hoir | ax Bigont Propogadtion : Dow (jheerer: aS 0 Inerforon 3 % Ty onbraisgi on Saye, », X Detection, ° sponge 53 Inversrene, ryunge eon hehe "sa 3 oath pepe. as Nght That 16 They follow’ Aa. 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Communtadton Link — oegak down: « Deponding on dire frequunty Facto waves Con Ale penetrate objet. generalry “ho cower ha Freyuancy © belker pentereetion wii be: ‘op\uaned Nogwaives Sect poggalion Affass 1 Broceing ov Shadowing D+ Refiectton 3+ Seakkeved Me Diffracked Reflectionprecuing — C05) Bradowing: iS Due 0 argo — obBtaclys Ae rad fo Signs can ve Hradow'eng Cor), Brockéngs “Buen Deemer bstactsz Mika a Diepte oe ao druck on the Shek (or) |The “Tress \prock re Signor - Refiection : sag an objet “& laxge — cormparved to ie wave orgth of the Sigeak Unt 18 huge wulldgng mounting sho Signor 133 -woflected he Teflected ign 1 hot he heres as the —ofginad Signa Bina obietS con ob Serve —_ Align Powe - nme te Ove OF an’ ‘Obstacle i® ip dre. onder of typ wave Aength cor) Oe, The waves can be Scotrered - X Hq Tacorirg Bigs 4a Geattowd Hikaro viebaoner (1 od gates... Leen Signak. 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Signer Lroveling. alorg Atyjoont ; _ with Saforonk erp oyvive atk a | Nowiver ox dsHownt times. i iave Bseut & a, , Spscnd, as The fivet Eto te diet, 0 Ghent ple sy be Spread ous oa \praden \pulse oy yathor Into Savers WK empLuse - | Defintion aes * Fore or movement any energy rer OURS “Yeackion - | = The pase at Mo donder yeautt in i teree Amal lmpune at the yeaiver. - = Dimpre impuwe wy Yobute in many | woke, impawe tthe. yewives | Gesnd ERfece + (Tmrerbymbor Inkerfes enced x The MMergy ‘\nxendad Sor ono Sica | Syrloor —Ivterfcar ustth «the aMacantt eee , . in | Serco. iQ | adjartonte - Syren) 1S | cous d PEST : j a ie ES eR: the AE@WEt, know tthe detay OF the © -Wifenent hte ‘can by a | Com pengase for _ the Aisortion caused oa MagFrat 9 fee [= sete ithe _ Focrive) , Tho (Meediup, dee corny ain athe! ‘yoctived. Digna, to “aha” P ext ghima pra ehog Fequone Gk. “pregvain” Om aywalizes “roa! compensate - “ A eo org. Tem, Fading Vo. | rose terrn fading Shost: 1; ale : [eX is veut Keowing — the ancl Cro duet ades \ ee be [are grecak ¢ ood ler Knows \ tho siey. ABFperey. paths «| Jo! and ~~ deay Sproad ctveady he’ Be Of» fixed » -Yadto YOuwiyors,dio Gituation “B even, worse iE yecetoors, JV Hender® OV beth move Then the Cramer — Checracterigeicy Change ove | and athe POHH oO Bignay | COU tray er | adong VAY © WS Beroge W/o WO Known | wlth Ghmeg — yadio hha dviving The Foor of tho ‘wecotved hignar | Changes ‘\con Mderaloiy over Aime» Those | qikcw — Changes ‘in dhe recived Wace | ie cansd ort tere fading - | Yong Aeten adking: Fx an additional fiigoce “We Ae lend [term fading of ae vectives. Steno | Teka tong kes fading hore rawn [As the verge power quer timo 138 caused ’& Foy oxampse as GENE | dittone do she Gender cod move | FEMOEC — Go ARactes - ne eg eee | Ns won psexieg Gf wank | \epuid — Inkerfonence | 2: Many ko one “Types of sult p2ering | )+ Spaw divi gion 2° frequency Division {| B° Time Diviaion ee. code. Dividion eeGrbice P Division Multipsteving : : Tabs 2 % FOr whyo)ess Corammunhccution,,, MOI PLOx} og ao ° ° oe i} be vied. put “He fous” dimensions x, dpace a / i ; b PI stone } ’ y % Tre | x% Odo Guard. Spaw: & X The Spe between interforonce Yange Fg: uy Oe analog “Telophons. dysteen Frequency ‘Diviston ravitii pter9ng « Feguney ison ypfee x frequancy, Division Miptaring Dispidys the Sub vide “into evar > Non, - over lapping froquancy band } ; « Gath Chennai 4S Xnoun Frayer \cond. + 4 perder UST — Cort frequcey bard con AR Khe Frequency und “Con rously - oleloied = own ls Toe ploxing descripes, Wow Mever® user can | Bata > Medina Wott Utekrlmur —COY) No ‘\niertowne> ‘ ; | 1k hae” 38 Porsitne due to the provi Sion | oF dha | fevewar lanes Seperatirg ane FAvottic Th adMi ton difgoront cars use | the Same. medium at Aifferony points ‘in | Birng *Spo Avision monipsering i Rr Wiretes — Commurication Ope | / Can be conviod = Out in fous dt aa | | : ; | Spe, Lime , Prazuenly , ode . Th hig My, | Baad , the dns of matt pAectng ‘g i, AaSign Space, Hime proquenc a ea ko 2th Communfaation ae Chan net with @ minimum of inter fourm and Cie OF medium — Ubttzazten. he cbey ay ‘ | Communicatton Onennets how, ony Hofer, | HD an drrockaston oF honda and | xeciuetg that wan't Lo exchange — daly ix Bix Chenraly 4, ant “introduces, a Ahra, | | Brnendtonar coor dfnate DyrLoma Thig [Seem Bs dee dlmentons of. Coe 1C, Kime & and frequency "$e r petty, | “Pare Sh won psering , Space dtvigi on | Mo prexi ng » Space the chennotg KX, & 13 cn be crapped onto Ye borer | | Spee & bp 23 . which Coors 1 4 Boporate the chennohs cd Prevent Tre indexforene. TONES Brom . overlapping The pow betrocan the \mtevforen ce : : i vonge 1% Bomnotimes called fu i z2 - the vomias —— SORES 1 hota, Sve 238 BpArcos ! woud | the Precdare. of pre | A be needed” Aithveugh : “yepyeenis co tearte IB’ ‘ORatk} ine pLe used WY ORY o¥icdog abone os® | ah Subsest hen : MB gies ‘i: Seperate | Qoiy of copper. « wrred . to» ang) loco exchange ~ Tn! wive less ‘mph ov operate 2a0h Cheecs Ny byanapniiast on, SDM Bendot i for Cerimunicosso( Chas nor iA"! QNougy rAeBeen Songorsit > ; CTR? MVIEL pusking Lohime a wel pot Qample “ox” odio"! Bkasions whow fhe bransmitsion Sana WHR Paty eo indked eo Ce tain Tegion thus many Yaste Baxi ons, around ths wor) Can" WC the oT hs ngee wifbo uk ‘Vnterfoune « with a vhebwenn’ a j i iio “Frequency Bwidion mortipiedirg ® Freund division ” re ptieg doberiioes Dchorres bo dubdtut da” the Peq\uoncy Serenfions, into howto Non - Ser 1oppi cg Frauancy, bands « 8 Fads chonnekX, 18 now auotked Its Oty pyaqwency rand 08's “Indtcauted - \ 1a re Oe as oN ca oat ° CONkINOUS)Y © Hoe ; aan. TN ae to averd. a gourd. Spaces nee 3 Te | Yond over Lappin « We cherries” V% Yes! for vats, Btoitont within the Ban \ opion, wahere ath adic Storfons, Yas A tod fYEPURMEY » es However, AKA’ Qdume UB eehloigg | SKaguantag ey whe Yadto Biosi ons Vroadeast oy WUWH day, oblige Communication dyplely bales Cave Pine, for ony a few. Minutes | a dawg AMigning Seporede Frequency fos Gach PoBible . Commant cation AS conmrig would dha, bea deremendoug — waste. SH Freyuancy Vesourtes - | | \ | | Time Aisigion nortiprerd J | * B wove premiere Murdipsering , &chome. fox typicar mobi le Crunk cation 1g Brno, ASseken moitSptestng , Howe ie: | Onsnnt’ eB rgtoen’ "as -ewhole “oan | WU for 0 ,rtaky amount of Bore, V8, Olh “Benders * “use. bra |, Some, Frayuora, oak oa BEF cron Ping In, pmo: : good’ Ayaco cwnith _ Po Yepre FP 8era — gaph , Yove 0 Seperate 1 Pee ore Vo J.of Frequencies 4 Sender ayebine Prone Brendord Mvigion . wrorktp toring | | Caled —, hhase Station + Aisad eantage OF hig. OHeR Aes mecossary’ Y28 soko Contra PRE GF pe Beef barges | a Use Ting fh Veown. ko a8 be into a Onorngy’ h Gum Wes I Combination of. fyequanty Od. vi fore bray a bebwen a robe And. 3 7 “Seni ‘8 ce ~ Azra Kog \etwaon- AP fowni Senders, 9 ong eqjuancie, ont, “RO acothay Feequancy + TO Senders Git ne 88 Sonos Soot, tre Loe Himes coke Division! soit ploKing : re iS 7 ts ic \ Wey | a > 10 “nkosfon | Puadninge ms the yedive’ «Was ks, Knovony \ Gone preyusncly » Borne one Ye codevaluation U6 wid) IC = AE SinCampy te Me) Tre pret + 4) ampaiiadts | Shy Freon cy | Shy prone, Hime I: a : | <> ight ymodu.akion ‘Wa neqpdsel “VE digitos Anion Lxargmitied ooo & meium Kear! ory allows fos aratoy eranbiasion a i. , OW Able | espera chystem STa Wes Keficad Lranaeasion Cannot te wed new tne \ioow We Beroasn | trom rated “\ykeo pnaiog — Signa Le waste mutrod.” for {sis ‘banslaiten | on ore: : \ jesipsitate dre keying Cage) 2 prepreg Gripe Mow CHO 3 prase rite Kayiva (par) * Reodons fox _ Raveg Siopas Cannot be | SBretiy Lvarwekted in the“! wiverort oyster + Je Arxenpa : | D Proyaney Akdiion — MoiBiguer'ag | 3° medium 1+ Crevoteatic { }amplitude redatton 2 Froqumgy — oduratfon 3. prae — modulation ‘Transraittor » Dightar | vat teens ralog Vs 80 ele | > \modvrakion | 2 —— \9V0)08 | | Roaiver: | Digital > Rynareg, \pagernnd ei Bigcar HNO, Nol Vedas | i ons for bine Jun ampuitude one vial ean‘Dioadvankage * 7 I yr Svecepti able. ‘on ‘Interfeana 2+ movtipath Propagation Vaasig ‘ofr. the Ompatinde. Be Taig pwieles Or egongbant'y asnptad conpot,., ef Guavented.. y+ Binary Fae © Orother, narra) : 2 fF bo pinay | % fr bo Win © a Wr conkinous’ -Phwse produadion ¢ cDMD \ v yo Oringes | Ccongrant) poe ere tofRo” cr ms 08) 2 Bienny pe ! & wow py eed feapang with 45 A | Wirany — Yaner \2a Vrroouy deity ls Syndonime the. deonds Ay Yoraiven uge Prase. Jock Loop (ptt) : [Rammed — frqquarmy ghnyt — Kaytrg. | Vy mminimam ShEEE Keying CMAK) Canoticr name> Wg pwned Proe. Smif” BirovY s ppsk -S one bik, : aucgratare ABpsK D THO bit © Reference Signor * Tre oe “uses only one Poesibie | Prose Brift — ko" ; ig The Opa Hee Higher dose ane | otkived oy ding 2 Tk nko one Dime Avitt 4 The prose Brite can always be | ove to the tYHoweng Bignu : IX TH the Qevoma WA used a Space Groje of © wnoans Ber the 1B combined th ~—- Reforonashe data for the dodow th 36h at a date, lo ac? 6 leet ieee fox 6 amd 319 Soy of ae PAM mitter Bereck pee of the Signa and Conectenake —Yhom » Raadiver ido: < To SecenBtruce dara. The ‘vecivet ws bo Com pare the \paominng Bgnor with the Poferenee Atgrat- pieod ans Hignw a ct ck the Rocaiver « aaa a Yoyorena gor uction* Difforentiak eps ¢ Quad tecture) a vew tro oprene Snipe 12 we yotative Jo tu Tyoune Bignwr. But Yetattve lo the Provious Q bits. <3e TA cage fhe Tashuy doo owt fel He Yefoena Digna bat only [comparc. ut Aignals Dipfesnsio Ops" Sg vow vans ongiea, Oye, , Combi nad, ark H BIS ore poad- 5, Lage pth bira Pow i) He NTT OHD lay | ; Broad tov “£ id WW on ie ~ 7 2 ape \s ee oy > aig) j 1*Dee 7 | e Sm Jf ns - dis > fr Data vate | (cal \ In aveuel | 11, © i Ww) | isa aS | re w a4 | | | oo | . | ofa anh Step 1+ — ware Band —Signat Sender with datas | Stopa: conversa Aha narrow Band — Gignat 16 | Convoted. into Brand Bank = Stgneur- | sorrow Band = and —-Byead Band — Can beae De'speread tha igor, convents ng sSpreod, WA Signor ink The Hovrouw bond. Bigne ogpin- Steps! The reaiver Ceppsy io band - fas lg Ko cut-off frequencies ogc on Tighe of tral netTOW: yond Big na: oan on ae | ARR Prt [ati oye or] \ ad) b [4| morro band. | Guard Feats Hiqoas Space ¥ Soren oe 2 pyarrrow band. %. Guard Space 9,4 ake vost | Spread Specuerum (: yarrow Band = 3e Broad rand (vB) wre the = Bare recover the \nstead of fom. oa: ip ow Benden® | Frequency \oend. {ro Feeivor! | Bignar oy Using CO |fEoch channat \S aUoed “Cuong Tho Yewivei ove to Opp Ly dip et a igen : a 2 Ava ntages | | ® Spread. Ces yrointains OF hes Pag for Hackers: ae * Te can be used IN US Cunited, State, Mobile DMhone System and aso for : Mullery Purpose E | Dicaduantages: X Intrewed compdecter, of Yyecdivey < Heve e> The Temiver Hove “t6 dap 6 Sona due ay highot data Tete. | Large. Frequency bend a Neadod « M2 Direct Sequence cet - [i ae Gad Bpect tur» oO a bh fe 3 | jane ain yo +1! | Wor data aes pot Bes \ DMG. "SAR «OVO 1 6 TToro yy Ly. xoR With © db) Pendo~ neice Deapene aly wer daw 40% psith Cupping ae “id Parenting fockor i Se by] ke \b-s duration fee biG Chip it 33 wed For determines thi. band width of dhe Teguieg ignat:yr ies Arco. mf beed, a >. ov) Barkor cede - Vo 0q | gente! , user Date, fue Ta Pea oe LSigom_ 3| Tel cy “i, Ohipsioy P esto) | Sopuenee one) | | Racor: COMetaker ) A 4 is wagon | PIOLUCES Cras é SOE ae i | t en x Uh Pas \Tne Tage | t, Resto | Dako | ae Aries ue | Donde Bepanta * The Fist rep ‘is the Apreading *f dhe user data wg chippiag FULT * The Spread Sigeas 18 moduleted with: Rodke corres’ ke t A user ‘Sigray WH a — bandwidts of Cha Mega woowle dpradkag: with | Barkor cote Youutk ip a Signor wots 0 Hs bande th x The Radio carrie: She the Bignas be the arviet Jrequooey Ad Ate Signcyal\\\o2 Rock vert. Pie opened ale “Oh pping Sequeece- « dazwenees ok the. ae & Rocsiven ‘must be Aynchrodtred: 1 The Recskoer calucate tre “geotutt of OOS? with! tne Trcseains Rignar’ by Wing XR operartions % The “Inregvoored. add =O The Producks % Calculating the produce of Onip ant. Signa’ Tab ound « adding. the »predacks yo the Trasgratos., (8 comrastion,.- Frequency, opping —— Bprend. ' @peckeeien x Tolnt ornilakie bandwidth © 16 epist inte trong” chanrebs id rae Fanduridt> * Guard Space . X Tronserbthes arid! Yeciver’ * Slay for” a Cerri Aime - |% Form & Tom [a Tew Aypos of Woppirg : Slats’ and fast |k Time Spondon O Channe — cvith asin Feqqeny ie Coled.; aye Yimne -| Sto hoppic 3 The TWansmiteer uses, one Freon eg Sovenay bik oriod + or ye The Woumtition sos tne Prey, Soy een adhe Aygp Hireg ae ys (Fumes 6+ |* Thon the Lrantmixcon hépe, b the | foopueny fy - I Stow Vepping are Chaapert | | Dedvantage OF Stow Seppting . « | ly Worvouw land. Tnrerporance | se, topping. ea 7 The nia Charge the fol la, Y daving Khe /. Asransiasion fa Dirge Ve VOY acsuaes) | The Tranmites Pep % Jetiosagr dat a big podek 2 | | Bipesventee . ‘4 | x Cormpann bo. \eptamnent fe een el (ee the eck o Trderforence jTransmitter | Transnitnen: Pecciver: Reswea. | © Signox | “Yo Peers Dequene- ; And — Rewiver In pass omaluokor! | Domedwaroy, | DRA Pomses 1 Sxeyonncg’ Supthesizer |Vals wy Mec -» modium — Acer Control coma] cp Baye Caviar Kense, rowitipie Pecors | lit aig, Derecion camer" “Gere moikipre Accor: Rrra denier Ghanse tha medium bo me if te 18 ites srautpatl SF tho medium ig wusy the Bondy ake unt) jk is free. 7 “Tt the medism 1 rex The, Senda Store Trans ming Bata" ani continous Seme cho medfum - *T te ends How, Dobeck Che. petnutio CVVISion St can Stop and. end a Jerend.ony Bignas - XN csmadep wy Soi ip Usteetous Nebwor, . Willen A Bipsed Texn:Nica a Bs CO usn! yi gvansmuasion farge. of A yerthos B’ But ; i wot ‘ge Transmssion ange of 1@ youdas B Bat | noch |. Frommidsion Tange Of B weathe fared © ys Bidden’ nd 2 UNne@smy Tey. | Souekion +” ; : eat bi. ys See © Spaced Division Pott prexing ey ' BCCOD 2) Pome - preparty pivision ' trertiptesing Via ie Rls i ficeons 3. Teme - Time Division wrt pled ag iis 4 { , i i Hoe yes mne. > code Pivision Morel pes tng ‘Acehsd a po & @ yecha. B put | p TOR 4. Trommbtsion range OF B veothss f and if | qo TRANBMUASION a. Teansebsion vege: OF Hye Bidden , > unne@pnyy Del | Wad | Soiustion » ; y. Spr Space Division paviki piexinB t RCCeD 22 pom ~ preperty Division faortiiptering wid , Accor’ 3. Tome - Time Division Wore pled Ag HoeF h: .CDM®: - code. Pivision Motel per ng Aceob 2 Gomp- (Span DivieiOo MUP Be ¥ Aiiccating a Spateated Space i (USer * Alay the base Slation ty ty MOK IC Prone Weer: ¥ Whe eobile Prone moy Vemiye | Moms base Blationd > vote SiS _ pases : Fo Toned | Uporiter decd. whan, | nore Seation 1% best baking tn | AO — WG Frequancyy vekina. Cor) Codon Gy aves iabie | ase Station 7 bese Btatfon 13 a Streak | Fromcsiver at ib He road 9 - | Communication Prirck for On2, oY) more WIYete% note. kent devices , Te OMA. CErequeny Division huitipre pews) ok Frequency con be. StOxIC Cor) dyramte | Urannes can be Wi oned’ Ap the | 5 : oe Fepensy’ ak oall Ls. ig ; Called Static and Change frequencies According ag fio Cerkolo " Pnttern Dyraric «Static — pare oma Pyoamic = Foww + Tp ¥ The Two Arectiong mobite bation Es lose QDtatfon and bose Btation bo Mebtile, Bintion ave Bepanated stag Aiffexent — Freguen cies - -| % The Tux Preguencer | Opding asd cdocen ting | Opsink - rrebiie tntioy do base Bhatfon | Jownaiow- Base Llation Eo wrobiie Aksticn we. the bam betwen ave caled US AY uplink Soo-2 add gismHc Ore down Link G3S°2 ond eo wd Z 4\2)3| Tome c Time § division rnurtiple recess) | xan Teacheor aes Wek ect coreain i g ~ CONKTAI NS, Sme AHiets So communication ~ Cor i Tom x Letening to many Chonnats Seperated Wa Eames ode the came Frequency \* fired (oO pyaomd c (x fined — Do MOE Need OM adowelgi ee 'y Dynamic ~ Reguaye as Tdoral gi corion Soy eION rar minsion gall| Fred TM . | hy | \t Vy) | will | yt ‘ | w a me afi a the (def ta] Speedy . | | Bae 9 | | - “3 at Ahn, t f f" 4, | a A > ta, Pbigy ae Joon ainé ; J x Difjeara' huts fot vpling 2nd, om Bink’ Wag dha” Que prequency IS Tpd (Time Division pupiex) ¥ The pase Btakion User one Out of 4 mobile sot fos downdine OM one out Of ND Slows ivy Staion Wes fox opdin - ‘. x ophink and docnnink are Afferent and Bepanzed according to the bine, 1g \2 diffownx cnobile Heaton use Ho Barna Frequency usithowe any ‘nporforart oof Canicor ALOHA: A Tory Wikh NO GentIOlling cecors Fin coed = AWC ALOHA, forth Abavion can Acces the medium ony Aime - oe NEESX The IG) weir Controlling Accor . asd wikrout © Guordination i) Gatong / Nhe Staxion - ie be X90, Eto Cov) move _, Ghntion , asco Dahe medtam — act’ “the *Bexana- Hime [1CoW ay ; G VOMASSION,, Acors avd, The... Eranayniithed dota “VR destroyed « 5 APPS, Siotted Aloha. C Time Sloe) | Fg: coma -> roo persistent. ConA | Pre pate oe | comalca 1) — persistent Come cA= Mision Avoidence - Back off P\gprithm | . (9. perrand Adigned _meitipie . PCes | 232° eee ee ee eae ACES > Wy prone C Pocrack Roxervation ™' f 5 Psgervarion “TPM 2 ore oe G moikipse Ace swith CO SIOn Pwidan @ > ) Pao 13 Po\ving -~ Moyten Save sqm come C core. Division prottipie pees Ty ayer x we whe codee cto Boperate- efferent lyse wo de Space and. do Arabe foceos to a. Ylared. mredgian | Without | Takevfarence * % yo bo fad’ Grcod. codes’? ih te The code: rectly contrniied — dhe Oiprieg | Begquenco:- hee on and “ht | pd >| extrogonar tp otha odes. Phe con ordnabes anh Vector Chaxty | dhe orgin (6, 0, 0) fk Two vectoys are aalled Or thogoriay i beds ‘Wane Produce i. 6. \&: ; » £21510) « Co, 0 14) Cototo) =o Orb hegpra, “yy C3, WY 64d 45 =C-6-6 $12) 26 3) foie DS CHD 4, pe *CUth~ Bye Alo L oF thoDs * Ay = 0.1001 ) By = ‘o10) rAd on Ba ao Bie & of!Ly 207 Birom, (Os HYGBus C1 5,-1,5,-10 a EWA ly ob AV + Be eet-i,1, 4-419 TE, Ot, VU J = (= 2) 6 6, -2 2,6) | Aus (-9,0,0,-2 42,0" (rt, 7, on) = QVhOpO +4 2Z+O & C¥ By = C~2,0,0,-247,99* mir oh 8 = (24045494240) =6