Exam Mechanics of Road Vehicles – 4AU10, 12-4-2013, 9:00-12:00

Exam Mechanics of Road Vehicles – 4AU10

12-4-2013, 9:00-12:00

1. Multiple-choice questions (10 points)

1 D
2 B
3 C
4 C
5 B
6 C
7 C
8 D
9 B
10 D

2. Bicycle model (5 points)

Page 99 lecture notes

l
top view
a b
V2
V1 V r α2
β cg Fx2
δ α1 Fx1
Fy1 an l Fy2
ρ
δ-α1 α2
β b
ρ

IC moves forward
C with increasing an C
1/6
 Exam Mechanics of Road Vehicles – 4AU10, 12-4-2013, 9:00-12:00

3. Straight line braking (7 points)

a) 2 points, page 46 lecture notes

b) 1 point , page 71 lecture notes

c) 1 point , page 37/48 lecture notes

d) 2 points , page 49/50 lecture notes

( )

e) 1 point , combine c) and d)

If is reduced, then needs to be lowered. But is fixed, so the braking moment at the front
wheels will be too big and thus the front wheels will lock-up first. As the brake force distribution is
not optimal, the deceleration as derived under c) cannot be obtained. Both front and rear tyres only
achieve peak friction, when the applied brake moment distribution is correct.

2/6
 Exam Mechanics of Road Vehicles – 4AU10, 12-4-2013, 9:00-12:00

4. Vertical dynamics (5 points)

a) 2 points, page 168 lecture note + add damper
̈ ( ) ̇ ̇
or
̈ ( ̇ ̇ ) ( ) ̇

b) 2 points, page 168

̈ ( ) ̇ ̇

Assuming and
(( ) ( ) ) ( )

( ) ( )

| |
| | √
( ) ( )

c) 1 point, page 168/169

| |
√
| | ( )

So: or (thus )

d) 0 points (question not rated)

To minimize the amplitude ratio as derived under b) should be as big as possible.

3/6
 Exam Mechanics of Road Vehicles – 4AU10, 12-4-2013, 9:00-12:00

5. Banked corners (6 points)

a) 1 point

rear view
of car g

cg

Fw
mg
φ Fz

ρ
Consider the force equilibrium on the inclined surface. The second equation needs to hold so the
mass is not sliding.

Substitution:

The angle equals 50 deg. , friction coefficient equals 0.8. Subsitution gives:

Which is not true, so the vehicle cannot stand still on a banking angle of 50 degrees.

b) 2 points, repeat proof given on page 33

rear view
of car g

cg
an
mg
φ Fz
ρ
Consider the force equilibrium in the vertical direction and Newton’s second law in the lateral
direction

The neutral speed can then be calculated as:

√

4/6
 Exam Mechanics of Road Vehicles – 4AU10, 12-4-2013, 9:00-12:00

c) 2 points
rear view
of car g

cg
an
Fw
φ mg Fz
ρ
In the max. speed condition the friction force pointing to the centre of the corner

substitution:
( )
( )
Eliminating :
( )

( )
√

For the minimal speed the sign of is reversed, same approach:

( )
√

The neutral speed is obtained when (see question a)

The angle equals 50 deg, the corner radius equals 415 m, friction coefficient equals 0.8, gravity
constant equals 9.81 m/s2.

>> sqrt(9.81*415*(sind(50)+0.8*cosd(50))/(cosd(50)-0.8*sind(50)))
ans = 417.1544
>> sqrt(9.81*415*(sind(50)-0.8*cosd(50))/(cosd(50)+0.8*sind(50)))
ans =28.5739

= 417.15 m/s (1502 km/h)

= 28.57 m/s (103 km/h)

Additional information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banked_turn

5/6
 Exam Mechanics of Road Vehicles – 4AU10, 12-4-2013, 9:00-12:00

d) 1 point

For we have:

( )
or

( )

Substituting the known parameter values:

Car standing still:

So when driving at the vertical tyre force would increase by a factor 33!
Tyres and suspension cannot handle this.

(Obviously the maximum speed will also be limited by engine power, but that is not asked here)

6/6