SODIS (Solar Disinfection) - isa nga buhaton para mahimog limpiyo ang imnun na tubig.

Sa SODIS puede nato malikayan ang mga sakit na makuha sa hugaw nga tubig
(cholera, diarrhea, typhoid, ug hepatitis)

1. Piliun ang basiyo, itangtang ang label. Kinahanglan walay color ug dili lampas sa
3 ka litro ang basiyo.
2. Punuon ang basiyo ug takloban mayo. Kinahanglan isala anay ang tubig kung
lubug.
3. Ibulad ang basiyo sa init ug 6 ka oras. Kung dili mayo ang panahon, kinahanglan
48 ka oras ibulad.
4. Puede na imnun ang tubig.

Boiling – kini ang pinaka ginagamit ug pinaka epektibo nga pamaagi sa paglimpyo sa
tubig para mapatay ang mga kagaw sama sa virus, bacteria, ug parasites.

1. Ipa-init ang tin aw nga tubig hantud sa mag bula-bula na siya, dayon paabtun ug
2-5 ka minutes.
2. Pag human ug pabukal, paabta ang tubig na mabugnaw ayha kini imnun.
3. Ibutang ang gipabukalan nga tubig sa limpyo na naa’y taklub na butanganan.

Filtration - proseso sa pag lahi ng solid particles gikan sa liquid nga muagi sa filter.

1. Putlun ang lubut sa botelya na wala’y unud

2. Ibaliktad ang taas nga parte sa botelya dayon butangan ug cotton
3. Dayon isunod-sunod ni ug butang
 Balas
 Giduk-dok na uling
 Gagmay nga bato
 Medium-sized nga bato
 Dagku nga bato
MGA SAKIT NA MAKUHA SA TUBIG
 Ang mga bagyo ug kusug nga pag-ulan na pwedeng mag resulta sa pagbaha
pwede mahimong rason nga mutaas ang transmisyon sa mga sakit nag ikan sa
mga tubig. Kung ang tubig naa’y sagul tae gikan sa gadaut nga tao or hayop
pwede kining maadtu sa tubig nga magdal ug sakit.
 Kini ang mga sakit nga pwedeng makuha sa hugaw nga tubig:
1. Gastroenteritis
 Inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines caused by either a
bacterial or viral infection.
 Signs and symptoms:
o Watery diarrhea
o Nausea and Vomiting
o Abdominal pain
o Fever
o Headache
o Signs of dehydration – lightheadedness, dry skin and mouth,
feeling thirsty
2. Typhoid fever
 infectious disease also known as enteric fever
 caused by Salmonella typhi
 spreads through contaminated food and water or through close contact
with someone who is infected.
 Signs and symptoms:
o high- and low-grade fever
o headache
o weakness
o loss of appetite,
o diarrhea or constipation
o abdominal discomfort.
3. Cholera
 an intestinal infection caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated
with Vibrio cholerae.
 Incubation period: less than 1 day to 5 days
 A rapidly deadly disease
 Signs and symptoms:
o a profuse, painless, watery diarrhea -> severe dehydration and
death if treatment is not promptly given.
o Rice-watery stool with a fishy odor
o Weakness
o Sunken eyeballs
o Decreased urine output
4. Hepatitis A
  an infectious disease and caused by Hepatitis A virus (HAV).
 mode of transmission is ingestion of food contaminated with human waste
and urine of persons who have Hepatitis A.
 Signs and symptoms:
o Fever
o flu-like symptoms such as weakness,
o muscle and joint aches,
o loss of appetite
o dizziness
Climate change affects the increase in the intensity of typhoons. Thus, the Department
of Health is issuing this health advisory, especially during these kind of weather events:
Water is a necessity in our daily existence. Make sure drinking water is from a safe and
reliable source. When in doubt, it is a must to wait for 2 minutes or longer when the
water reaches a rolling boil, or chlorinate drinking water to make it safe.Food, same as
water, is equally important to sustain us healthy and active. Remember that food should
be well-cooked, leftovers should be covered and kept away from household pests, and
food waste should be disposed properly.Keep yourself dry and warm, especially during
the cold weather. Always wash your hands before and after eating, and using the toilet;
when sick, consult a doctor or go to the nearest health facility at once if you, or any
household member, have any sign or symptom of infection.Other safety reminders in
times of typhoons include: do not wade or swim in floodwaters to avoid diseases, such
as leptospirosis; dispose all waste properly; maintain good personal hygiene; and, put
safety first. Stay away from hanging wires and unstable structures.
Water-borne diseases
 Typhoons and heavy rains may cause flooding which, in turn, can potentially
increase the transmission of water-borne diseases, or diseases transmitted
through water contaminated with human or animal waste.
 These include typhoid fever, cholera, and hepatitis A.
1. Typhoid fever is an infectious disease which is also known as
enteric fever or just typhoid. It is caused by bacteria known as
Salmonella typhi. It spreads through contaminated food and water
or through close contact with someone who is infected. Signs and
symptoms include high- and low-grade fever for several days,
headache, weakness, loss of appetite, either diarrhea or
constipation, and abdominal discomfort.
2. Cholera is an intestinal infection caused by ingestion of food or
water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Its
incubation period ranges from less than 1 day to 5 days. The
infection causes a profuse, painless, watery diarrhea that can
quickly lead to severe dehydration and death if treatment is not
promptly given. In extreme cases, cholera is a rapidly deadly
disease. A healthy individual may die within 2-3 hours if no
treatment is provided.
3. Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection transmitted by rats through
urine and feces. It can contaminate the soil, water, and vegetation.
It is caused by Leptospira spirochetes bacteria. Its mode of
transmission includes ingesting contaminated food or water, or
when broken skin or open wounds are exposed to floodwaters. Its
incubation period is 7-10 days.
4. Hepatitis A, one of the oldest diseases known to humankind, is an
infectious disease and caused by Hepatitis A virus (HAV). The most
common mode of transmission is ingestion of food contaminated
with human waste and urine of persons who have Hepatitis A. Its
symptoms usually include fever, flu-like symptoms such as
weakness, muscle and joint aches, loss of appetite and dizziness.
Other symptoms may be so mild that they go unnoticed.
Climate change affects the increase in the intensity of typhoons. Thus, the Department
of Health is issuing this health advisory, especially during these kind of weather events:
Water is a necessity in our daily existence. Make sure drinking water is from a safe and
reliable source. When in doubt, it is a must to wait for 2 minutes or longer when the
water reaches a rolling boil, or chlorinate drinking water to make it safe.Food, same as
water, is equally important to sustain us healthy and active. Remember that food should
be well-cooked, leftovers should be covered and kept away from household pests, and
food waste should be disposed properly.Keep yourself dry and warm, especially during
the cold weather. Always wash your hands before and after eating, and using the toilet;
when sick, consult a doctor or go to the nearest health facility at once if you, or any
household member, have any sign or symptom of infection.Other safety reminders in
times of typhoons include: do not wade or swim in floodwaters to avoid diseases, such
as leptospirosis; dispose all waste properly; maintain good personal hygiene; and, put
safety first. Stay away from hanging wires and unstable structures.