Basic software Unit page Sete oe rs Peony ene eet a eee eer learn about the features ofa graphical user interface, or GUL practise using the correct determiners with countable and uncountable nouns. cers re ee Es ete ec eed Peet eae eee eee ee practise forming and pronouncing plurals.(eect ‘The term user interface refers tothe standard procedures thatthe user follows in order to interact With a computer Inthe late 1970s and early 80s, the way users accessed computer systems was very complex They had to memorize and type alot of ‘commands jst to se the contents of disk, to copy files or to respond toa single prompt. fact, twas only experts who used computes so there was no rsd fora userrenaly inerace, In 1984, Apple produced the Macintosh, the ist computer with a mouse and a graphical user interface (GUN) Macs wore designed with ane clear ‘aime to acitate interaction with the computer. A few year later, Microsoft launched Windows, another operating system based on graphics and intuitive too's. Nowadays, computers are used by all kinds of people, and asa result theresa growing emohas's ‘onaceessbilty and userfrendly ystems A GUI makes use ofa WIMP environment: windons Icons, menus and pointer The background ofthe screen s called the desktop, wich conta labelled Dictures called leans. These icons represen files folders. Double-icking a folder opens a window which contains programs, documents, oF more nested folders. When you are na folder, you can launch a program or document by double-clicking the icon, oF you can drag itto another location, When you tuna rogram, your PC opens a window that ets you work wth different rool Al the programs have a high level of consistency with similar tootbas, menu bats, buttons and calog bores. A modern 05 also provides access to networks and allows mutitasing, ‘which means you can un several programs - and do ‘various tasks ~ atthe same time The most popular operating systems are = The Windows family ~ designed by Microsoft and used on most PCs, The most recent versions Windows Via, Mac 0S ~ created by Apple and used on Macintosh computes, Unix a muit-user system, found on mainframes and workstations in corporat installations Linux. open-source software developed under the GNU General Pub License. This means anybody can copy ts source code, change it and dlstrbute it tis used in computers, appliances and small devices, Windows Mobile — used on most PDAS ans smariphones (PDAS incorporating mobile phones) Palen 05 - used on Palm handheld devices. 15 RIM~ used on BlackBerry communication devices. Developed by Reseach in Motion. ‘= The Symbian 0S - used by some phone makers, including Nokia and Siemens. These computer platforms afer in areas such as device installation, network connectivity or ‘compatiblity with application software D Translate these terms and expressions into your own language. Use a dictionary or the Internet to help you. 1 user interface fine 1) 2 procedures (ine 2), 3 commands ine) 4 t00's ine 16) 5 desktop (ine 21) 6 rested folders (ine 25) 7. launch a program fine 26) 8 source code tine 45I E Label the interface features (a-j} on the screenshot of Apple's Mac OS X ‘operating system with words in bold from ths list. 1 desktop the background sen that dls cons and folders © windows soa {+ icon: picture representing an object for example 3 document program folder or hard drive icon le viewing area onscreen itcan contal files or folders folder: a directory that hold data, programs and other folders menu bar: 2 row of words that open up menus wren seecte © drop-down (pull-down) menu:a is of options that appears belowa menuitem wien selected © seroll bara horizontal or vertical bar that is licked and dragged in the desired direction © dock: set of icons atthe bottom ofthe screen that give you access tothe things you use most 9 & D2) compare the mac 0S x user interface witha Windows or Linuxinterface. What are the similarities and differences? Which features do you prefer from tach interface? Windows Vista 2, BBS Listen to a podcast interview with and answer these questions, Thompson, a program developer, 1 Why is Windows so popular? 2 Which Windows Vista edition isaimed a high gamers and multime profesional© Be} Listen again and complete this fact ile. WindowsVista editions [Other features Internet and security [Windows progrems 0) ie The user interface hasbeen —|Ineret Explores more |The most poplars il designed ior users with basic |redesgned with new cons needs such as emaland anda new Home Premium for danced home computing ng) totes suppor forthe test technologes, fom Di The Busnes ettion sid The Utimate eon ithe most complete 4 Language work: countable and uncountable nouns [A Look at the HELP box and decide if these nouns from the factfile in 3B are countable, uncountable or either, depending on the context. Write CU, user eral ‘computing edition entertainment interface | eon technoiogy, security spyware ‘Countable and uncountable nouns ‘© Countable nouns are people or things that we can count They havea singular and 2 plural form (29 fle, ‘program, system, application), ‘© _Uscountabe nouns are things that we can't count They have no plural form (eg, software, must robotics multimedia, networking storage) Alora software ese days i oper-soure Not: oto softwares hess days op + Some woide ae countable in many languages but uncountable in English, and are used witha singular ‘verb (2g advice, damage, equipment furniture research, news, progress, homework) Theadvice he gave mewas very useful Countable nouns must have a determiner a the, 'my, tise) in the singular, atrough thisis pot necessary inthe plural deleted the fle yesterday. lest more han 300s when my computer cashed. sea before a consonant sound and an before a vowel The definite article the means you know which ee puke otic he Wor anemalprogamvihe Exel sreadshet programs andthe "0 prog Ponerin | The Secutty Cente includes 2016) rogram called Window Defendant freval hat rotacts your computer from Cand. Anion 03m graphic: Thelcons on thetcolbar are used 0 © Wedont use a/an with uncouna Not:emboticn {© Wedont usethe in ganeralzations vat uncountable nouns or plural countable nouns ‘ihemnasic Not: icthe musi. Computer programs. oxpersie. Not: Fhe computer programs are exoensive ‘© Countableand uncoun’ determiners nouns take cferent ‘Many, few, afew only go wlth countable nouns There ate many versions of Windows Visto, ‘Much ltl, atl, a great deal of only 20 ith ‘uncountable nouns have alte time fe this afternoon you want toLinux is (1) ___ operating system and it was initially created as (2) hobby by @ young student, Linus Torvalds, at the University of Helsink’ in Finland. Version 1.0 of the Linux Kernel* was released in 1994. (3) _ Kernel, at the heart of all Linux systems, is developed and released under GNU General Public License, and its source code is freely available to everyone. ‘Apart from the fact that its freely distributed, (4) __ Linux's functionality, adaptability and robustness has made it the main alternative for proprietary Unix and Microsoft operating systems. IBM, Howiott-Packard and other giants of the computing world havo | embraced Linux and support its ongoing development. More than | (6) decade aff its initial release, Linux is being adopted worldwide, primarily as (6) server platform. Its use as a home and office desktop operating system is also on the rise. The operating system can also be incorporated directly into (7) microchips in a process called (8) _ embedding, and itis increasingly being used this way in appliances and devices. “The Kernel provides a way for software and other parts of the OS to ‘communicate with hardware, Lae Writing a summary [Bi summarize the text on page 68 in 9-100 words. Fllow these steps: ead te text o9an Underne the levent fomatonmeachaagraph Mate notes about te man pons Leave out dea such as examples. Make sentences om te notesand ink the sentences vith connectors (and but becuse therfore et) § Witeyou rt dae 6 Improve your fist daft by reducing sentences. For ample ¢ Curout unnecessary phrases Mocs were designed itonectsr ine ‘¢ Omit qualifying words (adjectives o modifying adverbs) very compier ‘© Transform relative clauses into -ng participle dauses Double-ccking a folder opens a window which contains programs documents or Double-cckinga folder apens a window eantaining programs documents or acitote interaction with the compure, 7. Wte the final version of our summary. Dont forget to check the spaling and gyamma.unit 14 Word processing (WP) 1 Word processing features 8 ED) inpaies, discuss these questions. 1 Whatisa word proceso 2. What ind of tasks co people use word processors for? 3 How many diferent word processing programs can you name? Which do you thnks the most popular B Lookat this screenshot from Microsoft Word and translate the labelled features and functions into your own language. C Complete these sentences with the correct features and functions above. 11 The Standard Fits the consto Toclbaris the area for changing fo pinta document, spel check ete The ‘lignment, indentation, et 2. font consists of thee elements ype style and typesze. For example Platine bold at 10 poins 3 Type syle fas toa visual characteristic af a typelace, fr example B fr Her and U for undedines, 4 ttyouneed 1o change indentation ~ the space between the page ms aligns ~ you can click the Increase or Decrease buttons. and where the wxt, 5 The and scmmands allow you to specify customized texts atthe top and bottom af every page2 Word Sudoku |n pairs, read the instructions and complete the puzzle. Instructions This Word Sudoku is a vaation on the normal Sudoku. Instead of using the numbers 110 9, We ae using words and icons. There are nine WP functions and ther equvalent swe are playing wth rine pas In order to complete the atid, you can use each function o the equivalent icon only once in each row, each column, and in each ofthe 3x3 boxes. icons can only be used inthe coloured boxes ‘Word processing functions and icons = Algntel losert Hypetink & PrintPre Columns insertable = c+ Undo > Drawing Oper Drawing | Columns | Bullets f& tet Table | | 2 | | @ | ale Columns undo | st | open Drawing Hypertink | Ong70 8 BE} isten again and complete the dialogue. Anna Ben Anna: Anna Anna: ‘Anna Ben The Cut and Paste technique 6 BBB sten to two friends, Anna and Ben, talking about how to move text in Word. How many steps wolved in carrying out the Cut and Paste task? Ben, do you know how can move tis paragraph? | want to put tat the end ofthis page. Er. thinks0. (1). use the mouse to sel romeve.(2) choose the Cut the text you want nand fom the Edit men a ? Yes. The selected text lsappears and goes onto the 4 © postion the insertion point there. nd where you want the text 1030 Mm, OK that . Yes.ithat’ where you want it. (6) choose down Ctl and press V7 has appeared in the right place, OK. ve (6) Isthat é choose U Yes. that it. you make a mistake, you 1d fom the Eat menu, which wil That's O it's my pleasure document in window document (temporary storage in window inside computer)= | 4 Language work: giving and following instructions ! A. Look at the HELP box and then correct six mistakes in this dialogue. [Az | need a photo for my curiculum vitae, How do | insert one nto this Word document B: Well now choose Inserton the Men bat A sth? B: Yes. From the insert menus select Petre. As you can see this displays a drop-down men with lfferent options ClipArt rom Fil, Fom Scanne, Chote Select From Fle and you'll get clalog box [As OK. Ive done that now What last? Lies te tye tte Be OK Now navigate your nad dives contents andind | |P avacn Bao ‘the picture that you wane to inser [A Right dike to nce this one. (0K. good. Now click insert and the photogragh willbe inserted into your document ‘As Heve tics that write? B: Yes. First right-click withthe mouse and Picture to adjust the size and athe pa allan, thanks! Complete these instructions for how to Copy and Paste in Word with verbs from the box. ick (2) select poston rightlck dag & 1 Fis, the tex you wish to copy. To select en, the mause over the Porton of the text that you want to copy. This part should then be highighied. 2 Then cn the Copy icon on the Standard Toolbar. This copies the selected text rvs cigboo 3 Now, the cursor where you want the text to appa 4 rally, the PasteIcon. This ingens the content of the clipboard at the ise Pont As well as th cons onthe toolbar, you can use the keys Ct Cor Copy an Paste. These options also come up you the selected texaa . : ¢ [il write instructions for = cepted |) ———————— this ttog box. = DEM workinpais suerte: | | giecarmy ee eae | Giveyourpartnerinstructions || © ==) Ge) Ge) | sokcctyeommertrel . \enresabenaimsiendiaiemamanss saving it on disk. Student B: Give ‘your partner instructions on How to insert a picture from the Web intoa Word document. Use words and expressions from the HELP box on page 71. 5 wetools A. Scan the descriptions of three WP tools (1-3) ~a spell checker, an online ‘thesaurus and a grammar checker - and match them with the dialog boxes (a-c). Spal checkers canbe vedo Mary word processors ictus an onting ‘compare weds the programs @ fears with wich uses can lokupaerent = ‘actionary to those used ne users ‘worst Use smi nstances The power ‘document Tesell checker ins ‘oes no lm honing every aarmatcal le ‘utany words tearnot match but frm questioning the witer about certain notes the use and allows them to ars ofthe text Some ever ince information ‘makeany changes even suggests bout pronuncation and the history ofa werd. Fosuble covet sping Like a ervertional thesaurus this database ‘of words conta definitions as sungesions oF weds with snr and Grarnat checkers ate appicatiors that tempt to check move than is ‘poste meanings. Aword maybe | @_seling Tey count words in sentences to fag posite run-on sentences, Spelled corectiybat sil be wer ‘Theyleoktor word tht show posse conflicts between ver an (too insteas of tonsa subjects and they oer advice about conectins Grammar checkers feo This agood fist step at roofing 3 Step bayond spel chackers but they ae lect subst or ahuman ocumet becuse can Fed many ‘or However doesnot mean tht al the nord in he dacument ‘omenan ens but Users wl sik ‘srespledcovtety They que the wre another chance think abou need proofesd documents ‘what he she has ten. The computer can alt wits opoblens that ensure compte accuracy ‘wouldat be obsous to them others. B Read the descriptions more carefully. Find three sentences that have been printed in the wrong text and decide where they should go. C Correct the three mistakes in this sentence and di by the spell checker or the grammar checker. -Maiimerge combine a frm eter witha database eto lef they would be found ate customized copys of the letunit 15| Spreadsheets and databases a Spreadsheet programs 6 Di npairs, discuss these questions. 1 Whatisaspredshee? 2 Whatare spreadsheets sed? B Look at the worksheet and label a, b and c with column, row and cell. Then answer these questions. 11 What types of datacan be keyed intoa 2. What happens fyou change the value of a cel? is worksheet shows the income and ‘ofa company. Amounts are giver in Sel The ers worksheet cs spreadsheet are sed intschangeabl. However techincal worksheet alec of cel groupe on single layerofthe le A spreadsheet bathieers thar phys se Hea? as CB tisten to Lucy Boyd giving a training course on basic Excel and check your answers to A and B. BBS Listen again and decide whether these sentences are true or false. Correct the false ones. 1 Aspreadsheet sys Ionmation inthe foo table wth alot of columns and ows ina spreadsheet you can ony eter numbers and formu You camot change the vido coh 2 3 4 Spreadsheet programs can generate a variety of charts and gra 5 preadsheets cannot be used as databases Look at the worksheet above and decide whether these sentences are true or false. Correct the false ones. 1. The value ofthe cellC12 isthe result of applying the formula C-C1 2. The value of cll BS isthe result of adding the value in cells 2 and 83 3 fyoutype the value 90 in C3, the value in cells C5 and C12 wil be recalculated. & Dl inpairs discuss the advantagesand disadvantages of showing theinformation shove ar graph, ratherthan ara worksheet. baaphiiegsAn invoice, a business letter and a fax A. Spreadsheets are also used to generate invoices. Complete the invoice below with words from the box. if you have a spreadsheet program, try to producea similar invoice. jantity_Desciption Pr aided) Produ High Stet, alnay 57425165 ° “ ° Uysses Classic 268 oF RAN, 2TB HO 4 8506 Flat LCD screen Colour 19° ‘ 708 Portable Ulysses 26B of RAK, 25068 HO 2 orse 5 database DENS, relational database 1 se Aotiote3P oto antspynre 5 oe Laer printer CO 2.400 di ostSrint 1 ae Sub-total 6 aim a 8 Look at this letter which accompanies the invoice. Complete the letter with, phrases from the box. Yours sincerely amwiting io DearMsAikinson We would be grateful Fyou coud Tam enclesing Please contact us 16 May 2008 uth Aion 38 High Set Gainay : @ ‘anim that ae have ser yeu four desktop PC ius srens, two laptops anda ass prints, along with D5 database and an arts program for each ofthe computers, Please alow two weeks fo delivery. (3) —____________ tw copies of your invoice. o sna yout payment by chu ox delly to out Dank account tough the Inert. Weare als dette to infor you tat we ar offering or cents an online couse alle A papeies ofc, fe of charge. (3) — ee yen equie fy farther iaforato, 6 Ian Feag ]< EE imagine you are Ruth Atkinson. When you try touse the laser printer, it gives continuous error messages. You ae also having problems installing the database. Write a fax to Media Market to complain. Ask fora new printer and an ion ofthe database. Look at the Useful language box to help you. FAX MESSAGE To: Media Market Fax: 16522967 From: uth Atkinson Subjact Faulty products Dear Mr Pega, Number of pages: 1 Pease calli you experience any transmission problems. Databases 2 Dil in groups, make a list of as many possible applications fordatebares az you can think of empl: Companies use databases tos Look at the illustration, which represents a database file. Can you identify a record and a field? © Read the text on page 76 and check your answers to B. oTPere ‘database is collection of related data, and the software used in databases to store, ganz and reve ‘he dat called the database management system, (oFDBMS, However we often use the ord database to over both mearings A database can manage any tyPe of data including text, numbers images, sound, video and hyperlinks inks to webstes) Information i entered into the database va elds Each fel holds a separate place of information, andthe fields are grouped together in records Theteore, a record about an employee might consist of several feds which ‘ive ther name, adess, phone number, date of bh, salary and length of employment withthe company. Records are grouped together ino les which hod large 2rnounts of infomation, Fs can easly be updated — you can always change fds ade new records or delete Od ones. An electronic database is much aster to consult and update than a card indesxsystem and occupies ot less space With the right software you can keep tack of stock sles, market tends, orders and othe information that Can help your company stay successful ‘A database proatam etsyou create an index ~a ist of records ordered according tothe content of certan fields. This helps you to search the database and sort records into numerical or alphabetical order very quickly ‘Modern databases are relational - that they ate made Up elated fies: customers and orders erdors ana purchases students and tutors et. Two database fies an be related a long as they have a common fi fle Of students fr example, could include a fel called Tutor [Dand another fe with deals ofthe ttors could include the same fed. This key field can be usedto relate the wo fles Databases ike race, 082 and MySQL can manage these relationships ‘A database query function allows you to exact information according to certain conditions or citer. For ‘example, fa managing diector wand ta know al the customers that spend more than €8200 per month, the program would search on the ramefeld and the money Feld simultaneous The best database packages also incuse network facilites which can make businesses more productive. For erample, managers of dierent departments can have direct access toa common database Most aspects ‘ofthe program can be protected by user-defined passwords and other seurity deviees For example, if you wanted to share an employee's personal deal but ‘ot their commission, you could protect the commission fel, D Complete these statements about databases using information from the text. A database management system i used to Information is entered into a database vi Fach fe holds Updating a file means Some advantages ofa database program overa manual fling system are ‘quevies and eports 5 Some comparieshave several computers shaing 3 database over2 Solve the clues and complete the puzzle, ‘collection of data stored ina PCin systematic way. ‘Aunt ofa database fle made up of related Feds, ‘single pace afnformation in a eco. A database maitains separate, elated files but combines data elements from thefles for 1 08 common database over a network canbe protected by using {6 Tolook or speci information, fr example the name of an employe. Toclassy records into numerical or alphabetical ore {8 Atool that allows you to extract information that meets certan crite, F Ey in pairs, discuss what fields you would include in a database for your ‘music collection.4 Language work: plurals A Look at the HELP box and then write the plural of these words. 1 chent 5 fax 2 key 6 saan) 3 query 7 mouse 4 businessman 8 vis HELP box B Putthe plurals into the correct pronunciation column. | databases: passwords | [isi im! lal | leptees graphs | ] oes swches | |taves networks | | | bes packages | | Spreadsheets Systems | 5 Software at home and at work Di inpairs, find out as much as you can ‘about the software your partner uses at home or at work. Ask about spreadsheet programs, databases, word processors, videoconferencing, business accounting, email, and web browsers, Look at the Useful language box to help you. BB now visit www.cambridge.org/etvict for an online task,