Title:- Does stress influence sleep patterns, food intake, weight

gain, abdominal obesity and weight loss interventions

and vice versa?

Brief review :- The research paper summarizes the scientific evidence on the role mental
stress (either in or not in association with impaired sleep) may play in poor sleep, enhanced
appetite, cravings and decreased motivation for physical activity. All these factors contribute
to weight gain and obesity, possibly via decreasing the efficacy of weight loss inter-
ventions.It also gives evidence for the role that lifestyle and stress management may play in
achieving weight loss in stress-vulnerable individuals with overweight.

Title:- The role of emotional eating and stress in the influence of short sleep on food
consumption

Brief review -Short sleep duration is associated with elevated body mass index (BMI) and
increased energy consumption. The present studies were conducted to determine what role
emotional eating and stress might play in these relationships. The first was an exploratory
questionnaire study in which sleep quality and duration were measured in conjunction with
the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire in 184 women. Emotional and external eating
scores were significantly higher in those who reported poor sleep quality .In the second study
of 64 women who were provided with snacks in the laboratory under stressed and control
conditions, elevated food consumption was observed in those who scored high on emotional
eating. No effects were found in liking or wanting of food and few effects were found on
appetite. BMI was not related to sleep duration or sleep quality in either study. The results
suggested that the relationship between short sleep and elevated food consumption exists in
those who are prone to emotional eating.

Title-: Effects of sleep fragmentation on appetite and related hormone concentrations over 24
h in healthy men

Brief review-: It is given that with short sleep duration, reduced sleep quality is also
associated with appetite control. The present study examined the effect of sleep
fragmentation, independent of sleep duration, on appetite profiles and the profiles of
hormones involved in energy balance regulation. A total of twelve healthy male subjects (age
23 (SD 4) years, BMI 24·4 ,completed a randomised crossover study in which sleep (23.30–
07.30 hours) was either fragmented or non-fragmented. Polysomnography was used to
determine rapid-eye move- ment (REM) sleep, slow-wave sleep (SWS) and total sleep time
(TST). Blood samples were taken at baseline and continued hourly for the 24 h period to
measure glucose, insulin, ghrelin, leptin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and melatonin
concentrations. In addition, salivary cortisol levels were measured. Visual analogue scales
were used to score appetite-related feelings. Sleep fragmentation resulted in reduced REM
sleep (69·4 min compared with 83·5 min; P, 0·05) and preservation of SWS without changes
in TST. In fragmented v. non-fragmented sleep, glucose concentrations did not change, while
insulin secretion was decreased in the morning, and increased in the afternoon (P,0·05), and
GLP-1 concentrations and fullness scores were lower (P,0·05). After dinner, desire-to-eat
ratings were higher after fragmen- ted sleep (P,0·05). A single night of fragmented sleep,
resulting in reduced REM sleep, induced a shift in insulin concentrations, from being lower in
the morning and higher in the afternoon, while GLP-1 concentrations and fullness scores
were decreased. These results lead to increased food intake and snacking, thus contributing to
a positive energy balance.

References-

Geiker, N. R. W., Astrup, A., Hjorth, M. F., Sjödin, A., Pijls, L., & Markus, C. R. (2017).

Does stress influence sleep patterns, food intake, weight gain, abdominal obesity and

weight loss interventions and vice versa? Obesity Reviews, 19(1), 81–97.

https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12603

Dweck, J. S., Jenkins, S. M., & Nolan, L. J. (2014). The role of emotional eating and stress in

the influence of short sleep on food consumption. Appetite, 72, 106–113.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2013.10.001

Geiker, N. R. W., Astrup, A., Hjorth, M. F., Sjödin, A., Pijls, L., & Markus, C. R. (2017).

Does stress influence sleep patterns, food intake, weight gain, abdominal obesity and

weight loss interventions and vice versa? Obesity Reviews, 19(1), 81–97.

https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12603

Dweck, J. S., Jenkins, S. M., & Nolan, L. J. (2014). The role of emotional eating and stress in

the influence of short sleep on food consumption. Appetite, 72, 106–113.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2013.10.001

Geiker, N. R. W., Astrup, A., Hjorth, M. F., Sjödin, A., Pijls, L., & Markus, C. R. (2017).

Does stress influence sleep patterns, food intake, weight gain, abdominal obesity and

weight loss interventions and vice versa? Obesity Reviews, 19(1), 81–97.

https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12603

Gonnissen, H. K. J., Hursel, R., Rutters, F., Martens, E. A. P., & Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S.

(2012). Effects of sleep fragmentation on appetite and related hormone concentrations

over 24 h in healthy men. British Journal of Nutrition, 109(4), 748–756.

https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512001894