BASIC MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

LABORATORY EQUIPMENT
AND TECHNIQUES
HANNA BETH B. TANDAYAG
Instructor
Elec 2 (Fish Genetics and Breeding)
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
❑Branch of biology that deals with the study of the
structure, function, and interactions of biological
molecules, including DNA, RNA, and proteins.

❑It involves the analysis of the structure and function

of these molecules, as well as their interactions in
various cellular processes such as replication,
transcription and translation.

❑Significant contributions to medicine, agriculture and

biotechnology
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
❑Key areas of research:
✓ Genetic information including the mechanisms of DNA
replication, repair and recombination

Causes of the genetic diseases

and the development of new
diagnostic tools and therapies
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
❑Has played a crucial role in the production of recombinant proteins,
genetically modified organisms, and gene therapies

GMO Salmon
Photo of a genetically engineered Salmon. Created so that it continuously produces growth
hormones and can be sold as a full size fish after 18 months instead of 3 years
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

GMO Salmon
Photo of a genetically engineered Salmon. Created so that it continuously
produces growth hormones and can be sold as a full size fish after 18
months instead of 3 years
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

GMO Salmon
Photo of a genetically engineered Salmon. Created so that it continuously
produces growth hormones and can be sold as a full size fish after 18
months instead of 3 years
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

PCR Machine
-used to amplify DNA sequences using the Polymerase
Chain Reaction (PCR) technique.
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

Gel electrophoresis equipment

This equipment is used to separate DNA, RNA, and proteins
based on their size and charge.
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

Centrifuge

-used to separate
the components of a
sample based on
their density.
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

Spectrophotometer
-used to measure the absorbance or transmission of light by a sample, and is
used to determine the concentration of nucleic acids and proteins.
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

Microscope

-used to visualize and

examine cells, tissues, and
other biological samples.
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

Incubator
-used to maintain a stable
temperature and environment
for the growth of cells and
microorganisms.
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

Thermocycler
-used to perform PCR reactions, which require multiple temperature
cycles
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

Pipettes
-used to accurately measure and transfer small volumes of liquid
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

DNA Sequencer
-used to determine the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

Laminar flow hood

-used to maintain a sterile environment for working with biological samples.
Remember…
Safety First!