Chemol netios Clos XI) Sb te-Hhe loranch Of chemictry uch ola als coith the Atl Ante oH Aeaction curd Ms aLbecst CHL Od rmredhamiims inna ot OTe woid Kinetics le devivest fase Crack Word Wineuse.” cdhich means movement : Agacton , there ave three “ae heacHon.. Hv Ablow Aeactons— > Thuarrvzactions Aaqsire 4 vey oa Hime prtaval-oe thelr CompleHon. E Quoting % hen { otk OCULds ora sted Agoutions—> These enol iele ial an aver Toes tore a ogy Neutvalieadtton Asa ction— Nook a) +H eae aa, Nattag» +H0~) NOx e994 NaCl wo.) —2 AgChy bh +NNG G5 Ag NOsega+ NaCl ago fans op DY Madinate AvacHoni—) These AzacHons Agave neither too alasicernot Soo Leng Home inteval tor these Compledtton avd Completes inn Ae Candas | minutes] Wours. sa 47 i 4 Eater CH C00G M599) + HyDO _5 CH, codHagsh GHEHG.) deetale 80 ea nle aon Eieownl! &) Trerotpte, Chemical KineHa deals wells wait the @ Scanned with CamScanner@Rate oy Aeaction (e)—> The chaunge in tine Cercantradn of Agachaunt ound produsts With reapect fa Hee te callecl a4 Aste a Aachen. weak Of Aeaetton = change hn Coane 94 Ataekamds A pveoducts The taken web bC 24+ Go) Se Ce Mactant ttre emeenbradion deweased Wilh Hme DS EO ese egrets ae y= ~AC.-~G6-4) na CE=O) © Yor Products ,-Hhe Gne™ paotases With Hme Ap+ve Alanis uaddo ex ers the Ante AgacHen. - a AOE Cec) Be EF) Tyee Y Ante Sf Aza thton — Theve are +.10tarpes 2) Average Aste Aoactton (Vay) St iethe total Chawge tthe cusne) Of enchants dund products wit weapect tototal time taken. Yo. = ACL 4G) BE a) Ogercencterts., [ray <=AC GG) ] Oj products — Yay. = =e = I é + ; Scanned with CamScannerOsrstantameous Aah. Y-Asacton eins) —> — Ot ie the rab. of Atacton od a. parHeular ivushexk 04 a iO tHne.! ~ Ot am be determined by dravdl a changentc at Hone t’ ON CUANe COS) Comctanbradton vertus Hrne Vfae) | |r = Eo (te) - +de| | ten EAC) odes _ ino * ie) rae = ere seni b-.0 Umit 410 ®)Dnite of Aatz Of AracHon > t) Conc” Ame * C meta! ams’) 4 gt us peachons ushere Cane pans Spal proses fevterrrns Of fle rete @drtentamenua ond auroroge Aste aE Asnchion fn Feit oy. = “Be = G4 a FL POSE Tene C in secandé) —> Scanned with CamScannerCee Ond, dwerage Aoi. Of Aenoiton In fern 2 ® Sxprersion nase. Thine C jn Accent) —> Rote Y Acaction vatthivreapect +0 Agactamt fe collect as Note cso ppemrames df sactants bile He Ante Asarton woith weapect to products ts Caled as rote appeared Ov. vote pemation sf products. \¢ jag tne Ante Y @ AnacHen Shere Oe te fone dsactarts ard —preoducrs are mot espaol to Ont, the Aote cle appon nance omy phe Acactents othe Andee Appeamanes 4, products te vila biy thelr Anapective toichomebele clon : ae a he Ande Of Aeaetion te dopevdent Orr cioe ents Aogcandts and products iw-the practon tile the Ante 04 Mncreaee oy a evedae Apectes all be fet Nolue Und 4 given CanndLitions: have peony phen daston Scanned with CamScannerOrato dusappemeance Of Acactank , [ye 4a) ® note 4 Appearance 04 -produck » r= ate) Ad. [ea “aD +48) Pig L wag t3tegy Anew ® rate ST oLisa_ppearance oh Na fa] ele ji mes @rake des appearamer He] pong opens FE Orch of rraction red Os. £404 a +4 dfn] 2: uty — th + Tip ® Ate ob dsappearamen % He vec ACKS) @aste of oppoowames Th» vet 0s) ce Ts = +A Aa Of Appeoror ; @ rate of Aeaetion 9 we fs — -dft) a ey Cmeomtration f Jo @uekaon tak feom Aa anans action Hak the vale a chemical Agactton dependoen the IntHal dsneemtrastion Othe Acactanls: © Scanned with CamScannerOTherefore, te AapreacmfacHon 8h Ante, ch Aoacton in detuma, herein ieee aaa ig Known a4 the Acta Haw or rate expresaion ot Ace eguaction orapecific ea cHenit aly @)The rake achemital Aeaction is Lr _ To-the inital concentration Of the rc Tate Aote 4 A2oction decwases odith the par of tire Quince -Hhe Concentration of tae Agneta. odasre Corda a AeacHon, cA ty 2c + 09D vt ®shere xy qed © crethe Atoichomebte coeds Agactams Ound products: Recording +) Law & mans action, Ott ee LAT Rate % Ran = K(AI-(8)” |—O ghere ents pomd 4 Awd mot be expolte a atmedoe ceotri cits 2c and Y of ta Acactemts amd 24826 enabity Constante Called athe . ©The value Mite a comstant Yor a fiven Aeaction @® tas cqpation® le Knee a the Ante Lord 0 ‘uate exprenionr Acte eppoton 1 Specie Reaction ote h Scanned with CamScannerOT, Accte daw expression isthe expresrion in hich Aote YU Aeachorn ig given interm,s ef molar concentrations Of Mactants With each term naked +o corme power ,USbich oL not be +0 the S&toleltomebuic OelLarente eeeeeen(| species in a bolamced chemical jon. ® Pp and 4 Combinaly Aepresent< Hee Geclor of the Azaction. oh seal Asaction Can't be prodicied © Rete dows pe ang tee atte balanced chemical 2 _ nee loud muck Arawe to be datermined eapoetmn ; ®we Jonov-trock Kale Of 2oacton tr-terma 4 Anactomt fe =A] —© On Compas 29) and @) re pe Ate = «(al Ca 2) sthos eg walad ad Differential Act expotions @ fa moet the chonaieal Aaactions Tae CAP the Cn cwntraHo™ ferme op Asactamt en are tre same Oy they deaichiomebeic coetfy! tnt balameod chemical pation Nap © tore: 2NO a) + Ong ae Peewee feeCwnTaT] frond] ¢ al ARI. k(n *(3,] ral Aahe equation ARS K(wol “(o. But. tet dome 4 the chenu 2 dhe Comcentrationterms of Aeactants inthe Agta are. dibtewont thel® Aroicluomete le. coehiterentt inthe balanced chencical eqpatien. Scanned with CamScannertore. 2.Nl,05q)— ANG + Oa Rot Jaw, |= Ik{n,05)" wEle iB Thee mdlecutarity equal to 3: eax. a) 2No+ a7 2N0,.- vol Nole:— Sia a peacston can mevel be Lent than te ctdor af ALdcHon, and oder Y aALacHOn Con neweh bag renory tain “the walle of tae Aeacton ) Moleutueity le defined Onl Ha elermren tered eine ee oe te tal Aga fond. Acachiown Dane D Zex00 odor X Hon 7 zs ee Joso exprecsion ; veka) * CAPes Scanned with CamScannerOfer tirat order Soackon—) wets low, v= kA)" bie Ee noe? Cay ee! my Kes or amin ov he ea ee in Which the hate of the Acarken ts ecleperclertt of, Inittal concentration oI cthe Acactant are caladat Ze ordin Avactiens.. / @& Comuclet 0 zero ohdin Acacttion vohtac eqpation — [a= oft Rate ap yeaeh= ij ed (9 —© Rote Jaw tor cero oda reaction v= K(AT'—© Ao, on cornparrg eqpadion © and E) -dCa) . KAY? . ca “(ayer =a ak —_@® Mrs eqpostion 6 is caliaad a ditferenital Aate 4, Feo ae Toy kde [atrt= “et |“ On integ rot) booth the sider in eqpacton ©), we get: te EFS |-© AOE rent nepin Ere > Cone of reactance LHe t Scanned with CamScannerAt time b= O(n ee (rn), = Inittal cone? of Aca clam: On putting to Love Valuet In eqpart fon 5, we get (a}e=- Kl +E CAhy=O+8 yD equostion 6), we ge “© res Cede [ah c= [ak-[8} |-© £ ated Kate om Ft) he calla dar the ' “ @ The eqpors "Or dor Aeoction: “i on) , ire a eqpo® on (BD woth Attra Gor Corp oot O pe obtatned) va ith negate c ve : yet eee ndlp tas tee pact equals (Ne » Alope s-ic pa P Gb Hmret A Comer SAF L Time(t) —> Conc?-time fhaph PPLzew Adu Aeaction Scanned with CamScanner@)Examnptes Zevo ved Acacton —y &@ Hecomposttion a gaaes onthe Auerlace of metal catalyat | Weve the cate , Aaackon dependa onthe Aurace mean of catalyet and aleo onthe ofbet spats Aolatad -ho ab buat mat onthe inital Concerntyaton 0 Aca clansti- D Becomensition af aeneouet Qurnmnornie ona Avsity -plotnwrn Aur ace. ok Lip Bremure— ano _ Pte, New 43H, @ Rat oo, [ETA WY Theemal decomposition 4 HE on ald Syegace a 2no ee Hh p + 29) pins, rar | BP latonmuhseon ae AIF re ith CTS Leactamt —> @h. a ze Order Aoactton the ott i 04 Anatom je cbvectly -propotetiona to te - Zeno power the initial concentrodtion the Avactarde, 20 |v A(R] Cay @bemeans trot rake ef zevo oder Snitted, Cond? Roaction do mat depend Srithe patho Of Acactamts, Concert vodion o Azactamts: ®)Lelosson beturean coniumed csncontvatton 5 heactemrs Oud Hme— © sntegratel vote oq adton Yor zer9 der AeaauHon Le gresas— [K= Dr l-(a) | ® Scanned with CamScanner[acl-[ar] Hoc = Csnuwmed Concenbea{on 4 acacdcunts =5t Ao \c (SE 2 = foc=ke] es 1 eat | & Hence, for a Kew Ode Leaction sthe Coraumed Concomtrastion of n eactonts Bg is dive ctly propostional stotttme ©)Prst otectes Agactton—? @dnthese chemical muta Azactont, Hae Acts of ie 7 ance -proporetional 4o the InrHal concentroten 4 e Dooaidera tint Order Azactton » ustrose eqportion te— Timelt)—» ak fp =a) =) Rocke Lars ot {fost oedin szacrton, ve Ca)’ |—@) ap wd @)- we can Any Hook =a eth —® Aode 29 et Tax cq lS ew ouuctax dgprortl mo fF Stedar Azaction. _ACH, es ww ACA) 2 ede —&) cad on indeg eather porhtte Aides eqpotion®), we qt Scanned with CamScannerwen = ick a Ushere [Fatale = “et 4 * © o. Testegraction cnctecl An(at = Conc” of Ana ebaad ack Herne *: Bat He 20. Ln [PY = ln (A), = rrtttol eure Of necactamabs. Om puting the valued in eqpotion (5); we ack Am(A)}, = - KO) +2 AIn(aje= oF T Ue A}e= f | ; Om puiling The Value &f tm equation), We get [rp = let +4 (Ab | _ ©) ce = Ln (Ae Ln (att jer = tm (5) Cade wee 237 tig. k= Eat iy. OE | © Scanned with CamScannerOTs 1s aloo called ad hongeatae Aate eqpodtion itt Qader Acaction, GE)OQn Corry eqn) Loh Arai tab tre | on . ea ee VetrarpitLine tt “tel cOHh megeive Alope equate -leaund the Intercept part H equal Anh t a Abope =AC 35 et § ¥ time(t) > Cone? time h to fit olor Aoactey a @)Retastion lakweon Ante af Meactton aad mite Gone” “+ Aoactanns —9 ® Pra vat oder Anaction the Aa Te i heacton [6 vel -prapoetion aa tthe Initial cman tory 4 Hare Avactands e Lo, |r « Cade . oe | Ot bo ttathe muecaae inte infttaly aL ae y come} I cpcesertnrle nade of frat ender fea “ome Aagedtion Wx72oea- Chae, @ Retadion bateseon-to4 Cra) amok dime Ce) for feet Brean “TAY at rer Asaetion fe \wers 22-30: Ke assy | kK 2-2 7 Lag Ao | ) Scanned with CamScannerNow, et. Loy (av) 2-302 d (at) Lire t itn &) Examples Q) Lrst oedlee Acacton—> Hmett)— ye Decarp ocition pep sa Neyno, —2—> Na cay +21! Rate taw,hr = Fe=k (rye) | 2 Recowpostiion of NS5 > of N25 => DNLO5G) —? ENS Rate Lavo 2 [r= ICN, Os)* S)AUmabural and te Aadioactive decay Unrtable nucle? occurt trat orcler teactteon. mw enon ud0D comnpleted tn 60 Q 60/7. Ree nee o! Hee Aame Aeaction would be in brava smuch Hme Interval: 2 Complete ‘ k= 2.908 Leg (%) = 2-202 Log, oo ke oo c 220}4109@) = 2-201 Clog 5-Lo92) Kz 2-202 (0.69 - 0-40) 60 Jez 2-302 Co 24) 60 ® Scanned with CamScanner® Now {et 50%, Gsmpletion af Aeaction le= oes Lge) 9 hx0029 . 2.363 Jo 100 aaa re 0-25 . . fey) Sas = SG t= 62. 2 2 62. K 0-200 0-29 a 0-29 pod brminucles| 02. For ontirat ocdr Anackon, A —y products othe Cusnerrybraction OF fh olnamiead 0.11 40 0-025 M In 40 AoacHon henthe asrcentrotion A wooLm witlee~ (Lay4 = 0-60) So k= 2-407 Los (Ax) 2 9-202 x Jeg(0-4 5) aod Cae 40 Joes 2-207 a 2-902% D:60 40 nde ae. L Now rote Jor, oe \ the Here iy which the Concentvoction Of a. Aza cctawt te | ~ choduced to one OA of 8 inital Concentration fe | | | Called as tall Le =e Agaction, Sh leche on Ate of Xero oder Leaction—> egreocln vou e9ps0ston qpostion cero Ader reaction fs ©: acol at — ee (r]- [at iG P | ) | —o Acts ty “Ds Cas) One hose \ouuet In eg@)- we get Ke CRTC x a 2 Bb Kee Che 39 se xg ta. CAs) | ___R Caj— tik Cas Dnital conc” 4 Azactent, iG AZer0 AderAeacten te bre Co, Hae sto Hae Initial Cancomtprotion afta. Aaa @Rolp tle of ast Order Asactton —? Obes rte Ale jp eqpadion Of feet orden dcacHtom fe _ “Te 2:204 Cav} eosin Cat) At tote ,[oe]= G2] On ing rece Values in eguatten(Z) nse Jez 2-202 5 CAs] x2 & 454i CAy) & Scanned with CamScannerkz 2-304 AGE apo) sog.2 Cag, 2 = 08ers) aA Kr 2202 y 02010 cam 2 3 +643 3° # tax LA)” | DnittabeonePeteactand Che) ret Oder Acaction it Indleperdact Go, the Lay 2 ath the Inittol a Sh Hho Acacdamnt § 99-97 csnpletron ya “pitt “ The Hme Acquire| ST aaa te 10 ee a Aady Lite the pest erder Acaction Six ape deiae) “ a 84 Coen 389 +agay = an. Legfioe) = esol . Jusg 1900 e 14 100022) fo, |ta99gr, = 2:03 x2] —@ ie On viding 24S) of eqD), we ge £4$-9% 2 2 eaxd ye JC a 2 aie + 50x oa 0-2 D p43 or [t99ay = 10 +50x Scanned with CamScannerThe me Aeaptived fot 5 x Cormnpletion % ye order Acathon fs 2 ttimet 4 t halt Ube of piste Ole, Az.action. OExploinacton > +4 = 0-693 = (i) tos, = 2. "722 6465.) = 2B eC.) taSx 5 2-303 (oo no { (VV 2 ce care ak) 2s &. 4 20-6020) Qo, Hasy = 2-202 9.6020 “a Om avid ae by egn@-we get £95y _ 2-898 x 0:6029, IC tox oO O-2010 £95x 2 0.602% 22 Soy “0-290 Q. For the Agcaction, 2A+4+28—> products. bLdyhen the Eamne O Loth the Acactamts Parc Were Loubled ,He rate Auaction invenc.oto| yo O-2rmab LIE! to 2-4 mo LTE then tha Osncentration of A alone eles lee) haere Agacton Inureaaeol fos DQM Ho 0-H. [has ie He Ader Of Asaeton Livt Arana th vegctant: Aten dletermme Hee? ever ardor Of tre Avaction. Gum o2= lear (eld o-4 =k [2e)= [2Qt@ On Divides ano be 2g") eS Scanned with CamScanner23. le Cat cayi 2A “Te faa® Cay! ye (aot (4) gy = (ard cofaty=3 | —© Now o6= k(ra)® Cayi_@ On Dividing ogn() by 29h) oa - e(*Ca! Ce K (2a) (eld Goer Go Jbc = On autteg the Nal ax In 27 © i \ty 24 ‘ So, qeat a2 Qo, order 4 Azaction ihr A(x) =e : Sg $ “ a Bly) ro eral reli chon (scty) = 142 =@ o™ a d 2k intial Slovene a eet oe tha Acacton . eran Ca (molt) — Dna vat (mole) sot £) 005 0:05 : -_ » 6-40 0-05 0-090 3) 0-20 0-L0 OFZ e Scanned with CamScannerSol” Ratr= KCA(ROY 0-045 = Coos} (v0s)!—O 0-040 = \e C0-109% (0-05) _@) Divide er Oby (9 0-045 ~ & (o.0sy* (0-091 D090 ES foro® (0-05 Comeae (==1|—© Noa, OF2 s—0-289% (O40)! — Divice <3 O by on 0:045 a(o-05)*. (0.094 O72 BEX COIN Gr) = GG ey - ayo! a» f=] © 24D ord 2eg%6) we can aay tok 20+4 2B4+ 2eqe2e2 Go, rode tow tr» [arate = Cayce) F) Paendo erdlar reacHont—> oS oerical Agaction ,yrhen a veatant tt [paca im exces bunt rem U8 Conc? domnoind ebywoat Wn Hoe Completion othe Aoactton amd the Gedow of the CHton ith reape: ho thot Aeactamk comes Out to be Zero Came Azacton Cornpletion. Scanned with CamScanner© Thoae chemical Acactons in uShich, OUL Of uso reactemde, Bug it preacnk Inthe cLamited Auppls USdle Hho Other Que fe Preaenk m+ho excerd uenounik- aml therefore the rmole wloesh ot Agacton tt 2 but-the overall ordew Of he SeacHan it 4 becauac-Hre Oder Of Acaoton with ect +o excess see fe 2e10 Theae chemucal Acactors are Caltscl ag fauado-fivat ordow Acactone. Orre waits oY hate conslaml of pacudo + rst Oeolen reaction (k’) wil be Aame as-Hrock orthe Ate Corutent 4 Hert Ouder Acacton(\c). drexdt tydaatysic * exten ty acide medium, CH Cooly tig + H,0°—y CH coow + C4504 Attemet=0 001M som ° ° Athme't’ 0-OoM 9:93M o-0IM 0-01mM 00M 4994 0.01M 0-01M @ Roe Jono & pasucta wit OederAgnctton — ak CH CoG] (H,9*) Since (H,0") = concteunt 40 Cig’) = Kile Rott conan : prendo pint ede A2acton ee) tasterctien ae ee Hydrate % Kucwvote or wee inves & —> Cra Hort Of —»> CMe + 64.2% Cane bugak, eamcerd aD quucee B-Dofuusetoae Rate bawdy fre = K! Ceara. | @) Scanned with CamScanner@Eoct of catalyst’ onthe Aate Y Agaction cat ica Chensroal Awstence vsbtich chamget altercthe Aake Ya chenical Aeacton hut itsely Aomains chemi unchanged Alfer-Hhe Completion the Ltaction. A poutve caitalyat mvecaaetthe dale of @ chemical Acaction, “4p ex. 4) Md, cat et Hhethermal ole position af Kectay IEC cry ns a leCheey “+30, @) Olay ea er Abs 5 buck 2ometimet Coste 4 aA a. colalyst Auch a cababyat ie caltad a aucineataNat and tee proens te Called at | outa catlalyire. | @®The action of the cotta bya: can be explatined by tie intermediate Cormplex qh . ® Accorols tow thesty, a poveterpatt nae Chemical AL@ otton by o| 4 bends watt the | Acactunt< fd iihmedbate sen plex. &)The iw ediake Complex Aas a trams extetence anol devorpased 40 yield Products and : | @The Cottage inpeaaes the Late 4 boty exotheemte and endothermic Avatton lay cle Ing He ACH :oHon en girs inte presence cotaluak, the Aeacten Occurs by a reLd peony ox chron nmechamium Bedudvy the atavation ergy vn Avernce it Lowers-the potent ered ee O%, dower-Heacdvotion enecty jncthe presence Colalyte eel Dilllae the 4oti Y AgaccHon, ot om bxothevmnic leattom —> AH= Ap -SHe |, you exothermie LogcHtons , Hg 2 EHp- a0, |BHe-Ne and Bay Gace) therefore | C T¢o) Scanned with CamScanneroHVaHton in Prose “aces, Reacton courdinats —> | (HyZpectal Note: - DAcatalyat dace met initiate Hae Agaetton bubcte tt Averply ‘em Hee Acacton. oy Ramoll amount 4 Cece cotalyae a Large Amnourxk of Aoaetont. J heats cam “the Apontameout Aca cHons but watthe (ncaportande in 4) A Cat dees wot alter He Aate Cmutant af the Agaction(k) , Emrtaalp Agaction(AH) ; Emtropy speach QO ond Gibbs ree emery of Asactor (Af). 5) Ft a Aevertible Aeacton, a Camnrst alfer the equilibrium Comstock 0 Hranreacton (ic) but Inveoaaed Herod of both aed and backward Asactons dueto Utuch Hae Hine weed ho action the ep uilibvii-n decreases. @ tempexatire onthe Ante Y Agacton—> bh edhrerkad meres W fompedinee cayennt uStch ig ined ait roHO Y rote Contant: Y the ALOHOnS +0 olitdeve temporcatiires coring by 4o’e ph Te. skraiwe 22 fr Scanned with CamScannerOBE nea boon ound Haak fir rodt tine reactions ih 0k ARLE by jerrpenaturre he rode Crmutanxt bevomes Cea OS ornpeiedbuure coo pesest it 2—F Ke K(2)" _ yl Rake conatenct aot dygher, temperatiire ke ww a Lower” + Q.The Jempercatinre UA chemical AcacHon inveeanas fen 300k +o mie & Ushot rtol the cole conta Yrhe Anacton changed & ger me AT = Gol 2 60-309 =59 -5 19 yo yo fo tele (cay lef (2? \cl= 3210 Ao the Ante Of Roacton inut_ases fy 32 Hrenes. Scanned with CamScanner