Database Management

Systems I - (Practical)
CST 123-3

I.S.Pathirana
Basic Terms
• Data:
– Data is a raw fact (collection of characters, numeric values,
special characters etc)
– Whatever we input from the keyboard is known as data.
– Data will not provide any meaningful statements to the
user.
– Ex:- ec@mw2lo1e3

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 Basic Terms
• Information:
– Processing the data is called as information.
– Information always provides meaningful statements to
the user.
– Ex:- welcome@123

• Table
–A collection of related data entries with columns and
rows

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 Basic Terms
• Database:
– Database is a collection of information that
can be written in predetermined manner and
saved at a particular location is called database.

• Database Management System (DBMS):

– DBMS is a tool which can be used to maintain & manage
the data with in the database.
– DBMS is used for storing the information, accessing the
information, sharing the information and providing
security to the information.
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What is SQL???

• Structured Query Language

• A relational database language used for controlling

and interacting with database management systems

• Not a type of DBMS

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Types of SQL Statements

1) Data Definition Language (DDL)

2) Data Manipulation Language (DML)
3) Data Control Language (DCL)

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1. Data Definition Language (DDL)

• Used to create new objects, alter the structure of

existing objects, or to remove the objects from the
system
• These statements cannot be used to modify data

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Contd’
• CREATE TABLE - Creates a new table
• DROP TABLE - Removes an existing table
• ALTER TABLE - Modifies the structure of a table
• CREATE VIEW - Creates a new view
• DROP VIEW - Removes an existing view
• CREATE INDEX - Build an index for a column
• DROP INDEX - Removes an index
• TRUNCATE - Removes all table records

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2. Data Manipulation Language
(DML)
• These statements change the data in the
database
• INSERT - Adds new rows of data
• DELETE - Removes row of data
• UPDATE - Modifies existing data
• SELECT - Retrieve data

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3. Data Control Language (DCL)

• These statements control the access of the data in

the database & determines how, when & whom can
manipulate data

• GRANT - Gives user access privileges

• REVOKE - Removes granted privileges

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ANSI/ISO SQL Keywords

• ANSI/ISO specifies standard SQL keywords which

cannot be used to name databases objects like
tables, columns and users.

• Example of some keywords:

ALL COUNT FOUND MAX PRIVILEGES

AND CREATE FROM MIN REFERENCE
AVG DEFAULT GO NOT ROLLBACK
BEGIN DELETE GRANT NULL SELECT
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Contd’

BETWEEN DISTINCT GROUP NUMERIC SET

BY END HAVING OF SQL
C EXEC IN OR TABLE
CHAR FETCH INSERT ORDER VIEW
CHARACTER FLOAT INT FOREIGN INTEGER
PRECISION COMMIT FORTRANKEY PRIMARY

• Note: Keywords used may varies with the different

implementations of SQL
•
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SQL Data Types

• Numeric, Character string, Boolean, Date and time

are the basic data types

• Those data types may vary from different

implementations of SQL

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Basic SQL Data Types
• Numeric
– Include integer numbers of various sizes (INTEGER or
INT) and real numbers of various precision (FLOAT or
REAL or DOUBLE).

– Formatted numbers can be declared by using

DECIMAL(i,j) or NUMERIC(i,j) where i is the precision
and j the scale is the number of digits after the decimal
point.

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Basic SQL Data Types

• Character-string
– Data types are either fixed length –CHAR(n) or
CHARACTER(n) where n is the number of characters or
varying length VARCHAR(n) where n is the maximum
number of characters.

• Boolean
⁻ Boolean data type has the values of TRUE or FALSE

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Basic SQL Data Types

• Date and time

⁻ The DATE data type has ten positions and its components
are YEAR, MONTH and DAY in the form of YYYY-MM-DD. The
time data type has at least eight positions with the
components HOUR, MINUTE and SECOND in the form of
HH:MM:SS

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Some Tips for Practical Classes
• To cancel the currently typing command
⁻ mysql> \c

• To clear the terminal

⁻ Press Ctrl+L on the keyboard

• To get previously executed commands

⁻ Press Up and Down arrow keys on the
keyboard
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Some Tips for Practical Classes
• Copy from the terminal and paste to the terminal
– Right click the mouse -> Copy or Paste
• To exit from MySQL prompt
– mysql> exit
• OR
– mysql> QUIT
• OR
– mysql> \q

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Some prompts and their meanings in
MySQL

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Let’s Start with MySQL

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Start with Linux
• Command:
$ mysql –u<username>–p<password>
• Example:
$mysql –uroot –proot

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• If the server is located in a different machine,
specify the host as well.
$mysql –h<host> –u<username> –p<password>

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Displaying Databases

• To display the existing databases

SHOW DATABASES;

• This command lists all the databases on the MySQL

server host

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Creating a Database
• To create a Database
CREATE DATABASE <DATABASE NAME>;

• Example:
CREATE DATABASE Hospital;

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Using/Accessing the Database
• To access any existing Database
USE <DATABASE NAME>;
• Example:
USE Hospital;

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Creating a Table
• Syntax:
CREATE TABLE <TableName>
(<Field1> <DataType> (<FieldSize>),
<Field2> <DataType>(<FieldSize>),
<Field3> <DataType> (<FieldSize>));
• Example:
CREATE TABLE Patient (P_ID CHAR(4),
PatientName VARCHAR(30),
Age INT,
Gender CHAR(1));

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Displaying Tables
• To display an existing Table in a Database
• Syntax:
SHOW TABLES;
• This command lists all the tables in the current
database
• Note: You have to use (go inside) the database
before typing this command

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Display the Structure of the Table
• To display the information about the columns in a
table (the table structure).
• Syntax
DESCRIBE <TableName>;
OR
DESC <TableName>;

• Example:
DESCRIBE Patient;

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Removing an Existing Table
• Syntax:
DROP TABLE <TableName>;
• Example:
DROP TABLE Patient;

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Removing an Existing Database
• Syntax
DROP DATABASE <DatabaseName>;
• Example:
DROP DATABASE Hospital;

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Summary
• Basic Terms
• Types of SQL Languages / Statements
• ANSI/ISO SQL Keywords
• SQL Data Types
• Creating a Database
• Using the Database
• Creating a Table
• Displaying the Structure of a Table
• Displaying Databases and Tables
• Removing an Existing Table
• Removing an Existing Database
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Questions???

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