Learning Area Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion Grade Level 12

W1-2 Quarter 4 Date

I. LESSON TITLE Data Analysis Method

II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING Gathers and analyzes data with intellectual honesty using suitable techniques.
COMPETENCIES (MELCs)

III. CONTENT/CORE CONTENT Gathering and analyzing data with intellectual honesty using suitable techniques.

IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

I. Introduction (Time Frame: 30 minutes)

Welcome to Quarter 4 of Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion!

In the previous weeks, you learned about understanding and ways to collect data along with the research design, population and sampling
method, and data collection procedure. This time, the lessons will help you familiarize the data analysis method along with the intellectual honesty in
research.

Moreover, it will give you guidance on the appropriate method in the analysis of data. It will enable you to think critically and solve problems,
organize, evaluate information, understand and manipulate data. It will guide beginner researchers to investigate, communicate results, conceptualize
framework of the research paper, and practice the research integrity and intellectual honesty.

D. Development (Time Frame: 120 minutes)

Data Analysis Methods

The researcher reports the results in a manner that is faithful to the statistical findings without drawing broader conclusions or meaning from
them. Additionally, this section contains data summaries rather than the raw data (e.g., the actual scores for individuals). A section on the results
contains tables, figures, and detailed explanations of the statistical findings.

Similarly, once data has been gathered, the next step in research is to derive insights from it. For instance, if a clothing brand wishes to ascertain
the latest trends among young women, the brand will first contact young women and ask pertinent questions. After collecting this data, the brand will
analyze it for patterns.

Data analysis is the process by which researchers transform a mass of data into actionable insights. There are numerous data analysis techniques
available, depending on the type of research

Qualitative Data Analysis Methods

Numerous techniques exist for analyzing qualitative data. The most frequently used data analysis techniques are as follows:
1. Content analysis. This is one of the most frequently used techniques for analyzing qualitative data. It is used to analyze data that has been recorded
in the form of texts, media, or even physical objects. When to employ this technique is determined by the research questions. Typically, content
analysis is used to examine interviewee responses.

2. Narrative analysis. This technique is used to analyze content from a variety of sources, including respondent interviews, field observations, and
surveys. It is centered on the use of people's stories and experiences to respond to the research questions.

3. Framework analysis. This is a more sophisticated technique that entails several stages, including familiarization, identification of a thematic
framework, coding, charting, mapping, and interpretation.

4. Discourse analysis. As with narrative analysis, discourse analysis is used to examine human interactions. However, it focuses on analyzing the
social context in which the researcher and respondent communicated. Discourse analysis also considers the respondent's daily environment and
incorporates it into the analysis.

5. Grounded theory. This is a term that refers to the use of qualitative data to explain why a particular phenomenon occurred. It accomplishes this by
examining a variety of comparable cases in a variety of contexts and using the data to deduce causal explanations. Researchers may modify or create
new explanations as they study additional cases in order to arrive at an explanation that fits all cases.

Quantitative Data Analysis Methods

The data is now ready for analysis following these steps. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics are the two most frequently used
quantitative data analysis techniques.

1. Descriptive statistics. Absolute numbers are provided by descriptive statistics. They do not, however, explain the rationale or reasoning
behind those figures. Prior to utilizing descriptive statistics, it is critical to consider which type is most appropriate for your research question and the
information you wish to convey.

2. Inferential statistics. The researcher is attempting to draw conclusions based on more than just the immediate data. For example, inferential
statistics is used to infer what the population might think based on the sample data. Alternatively, inferential statistics is used to make judgments about
the likelihood that an observed difference between groups is significant or that it occurred by chance in this study.

Intellectual Honesty in Research

 Intellectual honesty is a problem-solving technique that is characterized by an unbiased, honest attitude that can be demonstrated in a variety of
ways, including the following:

1. Assuring that support for preferred ideologies does not obstruct the pursuit of truth;

2. Significant facts and information are not omitted on purpose, even when they contradict one's hypothesis;

3. The facts are presented objectively, without being twisted to create false impressions or to favor one point of view over another; and

4. Wherever possible, references to previous work are acknowledged, and plagiarism is avoided.

E. Engagement (Time Frame: 240 minutes)

Learning Task 1: Test of Honesty!

Directions: Certain modes of communication may have an effect on your beliefs or decisions. These communications may take the form of product
advertisements, sales materials, blog posts, social media posts, news reports, medical advice, nutritional advice, editorials, sermons, and appeals for
support of a particular issue, organization, or cause; political speeches, books, lectures, research reports, documentary films, rumors, or casual
conversations. Complete the table below in accordance with the modes of communication. 

Column A Column B

Intellectually Honest Form of

Misleading Form of Communication
Communication

Learning Task 2: Gather and Analyze!

Directions: Collect at least 5 data sets using interview method on the preference of housemates or neighbors for TV shows and their reasons for their
choice. Write down their opinions using the different stages of data analysis. Present a summary of your findings. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering the activity.

Learning Task 3: Explain and Justify

Directions: Explain and justify your thoughts on the given question below.
 Why should researchers identify the data analysis method that is appropriate to your study?

Learning Task 4: Complete the Venn!

Directions: Give the differences and similarities of Qualitative and Quantitative data analysis using Venn diagram.

Qualitative Analysis Quantitative Analysis

Methods Methods

Learning Task 5: Time to Analyze!

Directions: Analyze and explain each question below.

 What is interpretation of data referred to in research?

What are the ways to present the data gathered in your study?

A. Assimilation (Time Frame: 60 minutes)

Generalization

Perhaps the most critical component of research is data analysis. Inadequate analysis produces inaccurate results that jeopardize the research's
authenticity and render the findings unusable. It is critical to carefully select your data analysis techniques to ensure that your findings are insightful
and actionable. When sharing ideas with others, practice moral virtue, seek facts, increase respect, seek insights, and seek common ground. Due to the
fact that false beliefs are frequently harmful, we have a moral obligation to pursue true beliefs. Challenge dishonesty in yourself and other.

V. ASSESSMENT (Time Frame: 15 minutes)

(Learning Activity Sheets for Enrichment, Remediation, or Assessment to be given on Weeks 3 and 6)

Learning Task 6: Time to assess!

Directions: Read and analyze each item. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which among the following terms is applied method of problem solving, characterized by an unbiased, honest attitude?
 A. Data analysis

B. Intellectual honesty

C. Qualitative data analysis

D. Quantitative data analysis

2. Cincy Merly wanted to conduct a study and she wants to go from a mass of data to meaningful insights. Which term best describes it?

A. Data analysis

B. Intellectual honesty

C. Qualitative data analysis

D. Quantitative data analysis

3. Which of the following describes the interconnecting and linking the categories of codes?

A. Axial coding

B. Code

C. Initial coding

D. Theoretical coding

4. Peejay wanted to conduct a study using the first level of analysis, what method is most appropriate to use?

A. Data analysis

B. Data collection

C. Focused coding

D. Descriptive statistics

5. Which among the terms describes the process of making a word or a short phrase that represents a theme or an idea?

A. Analysis of data

B. Axial coding

C. Code

D. Theoretical coding

VI. REFLECTION (Time Frame: _________)

● Communicate your personal assessment as indicated in the Learner’s Assessment Card.

In your journal, write your personal insights about the lesson using the prompts below.
 I understand that ___________________.

I realize that ________________________.

I need to learn more about __________.

Personal Assessment on Learner’s Level of Performance

Using the symbols below, choose one which best describes your experience in working on each given task. Draw it in the column for Level of
Performance (LP). Be guided by the descriptions below:

✰ - I was able to do/perform the task without any difficulty. The task helped me in understanding the target content/ lesson.

✔ - I was able to do/perform the task. It was quite challenging, but it still helped me in understanding the target content/lesson.

? – I was not able to do/perform the task. It was extremely difficult. I need additional enrichment activities to be able to do/perform this task.

Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP

Number 1 Number 3 Number 5 Number 7

Number 2 Number 4 Number 6 Number 8

VII. REFERENCES Creswell, J. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Los
Angeles: Sage.

Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion Quarter 2 Module 1. DepEd Region V. Regional Center Site, Rawis,
Legazpi City 4500

Prepared by: PEEJAY G. GECOLEA , CINCY MERLY B. GECOLEA Checked by: ISABELITA R. HIZON