Introduction to Industrial Security Concept (LEA202)

SECURITY – in its semantic and philosophical sense, implies a stable, relatively predictable environment
in which an individual or group may pursue its ends without disruption or harm, and without fear of such
disturbance or injury.

The concept of security in an organizational sense, as a means by which this safety and
stability can be achieved, has evolved gradually throughout the history of Western civilization, shaped by
wide variety of institutional and cultural patterns. In examining the origins and development of security, it
is both obvious and instructive to observe that security hold a mirror up, not to nature but to society and its
institutions. Thus, the practice of utilizing workers and equipment to protect people and property is age-
old. In addition to being concerned about their own safety, people have wanted to protect their belongings
and the lives of others important to them. The types of security measures that people have taken over the
ages appear to reflect both the resources that were available and the nature of the dangers that were present
during each period.

Throughout the ages, two conditions have been both necessary and sufficient for
people to utilize private security measures;(1) felt need and (2) sufficient resources. Whenever both
conditions have been present, those affected appear to have taken some kind of private security measures.

To consider private security measures, a person or group must first have felt
sufficiently threatened to warrant devoting the necessary resources to protection. The perceived threat
may have been directed against a person, property, or both. Those contemplating protection also appear to
have considered the potential magnitude of any physical, emotional and monetary damage they might
suffer; the likelihood that they would suffer damages; their willingness to undertake whatever protective
measures were necessary themselves, their ability to undertake those measures themselves; the extent and
quality of assistance that they felt they could expect from their employees, families, friends, neighbors,
peers, and public law enforcement officials; how confidential they wanted the matter kept; whether others
whose opinions affected them would be impressed, disapproved of, or be indifferent to their use of private
security; and whether or not they felt private security measures would significantly reduce their risk.

Those considering private security also had to have sufficient resources available to
them to implement the security measures. They might use those resources to hire people, buy equipment
consult with experts, contact with organizations for private security forces, or any combination of these,
depending on factors such as whether or not they have already had employees who could carry out the
security measures; the cost and availability of the kind of protection they wanted, which in turn depended
on supply and demand; the perceived cost-to-benefit ratio (that is, whether or not the gain in safety
appeared to be worth the cost); whether or not they could pool their resources with others who also might
be affected; and the amount of time, effort, and money they could spare for security.

According to Abraham Maslow, Security and Safety are the second level of the
hierarchy of human needs. Both are on top of the physiological needs, which include air, food, shelter,
excretion among others. The need for security and safety encompasses the body, health, family, resources
and property.

Industrial Security Concept includes the role of security profession in law enforcement
administration and public safety, importance of security personnel in investigation, the concept of
criminalistics in the field of industrial security investigation and crime detection, and the principles
applicable to jurisprudence of criminal law.

What is Industrial Security Concept?

- Industrial security is a concept that refers to a series of security activities that protect resources
and minimize risk and loss to prevent leakage of key technologies and confidential information at
the enterprise level, and affect national problems as well.
- Industrial Security is an on-going process, not a one-off action. The service experts ensure that
the security strategy and security measures are constantly adapted to suit new situations, threats,
and regulatory requirements.
- Industrial Security in Criminology is concerned with the physical measures adopted to prevent
unauthorized access to equipment, facilities, material, and documents, and to safeguard them
against espionage, sabotage, damage and theft.

What is Industrial Security in Criminology?

There are three primary areas or classifications of security controls. These includes the following:

1. Management security control;

2. Operational security control; and
3. Physical security control
3 Primary Areas of Security Controls

What is Management Security?

- Management security is the overall design of your controls. Sometimes referred to as

administrative controls, these provide the guidance, rules, and procedures for implementing a
security environment.

What is Operational Security?

- Operational Security is the effectiveness of your controls. Sometimes referred to as technical

controls, these include access controls, authentication, and security topologies applied to networks,
systems, and applications.

What is Physical Security?

- Physical security is the protection of personnel, data, hardware, etc., from physical threats that
could harm, damage, or disrupt business operations or impact the confidentiality, integrity, or
availability of systems and/or data.

A. LEGAL BASIS OF INDUSTRIAL SECURITY IN THE PHILS.

1. Natural Authority
2. Constitutional Authority
3. Statutory Authority

Security – implies a stable, relatively predictable environment in which an individual or group, may pursue
its ends without disruption or harm and without fear of such disturbance or injury.

What is Security?

- Security means safety, as well as the measures taken to be safe or protected....

- Security is freedom from, or resilience against, potential harm (or other unwanted coercive
change) caused by others. Beneficiaries (technically referents) of security may be of persons and
social groups, objects and institutions, ecosystems or any other entity or phenomenon vulnerable
to unwanted change by its environment.
WHAT IS THE CONCEPT OF SECURITY?

- Fundamentally, security has to do with the presence of peace, safety, and the protection of human
and physical resources or absence of crisis or threats to human dignity, all of which facilitate
development and progress of any human society. The concept of security has become a
preoccupation for the decades.

WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF SECURITY? (in a workplace)

- A comprehensive workplace security is very important because it will reduce liabilities, insurance,
compensation and other social security expenses to be paid by the company to the stakeholders.
Thus, you increase your business revenue and reduce the operational charges that incur on your
business budgets.
- The concept of security in an organizational sense, as a means by which this safety and stability
can be achieved, has evolved gradually throughout the history of Western civilization, shaped by
variety of institutional and cultural patterns.
- The practice of utilizing workers and equipment to protect people and property is age-old. The
types of security measures that people have taken over the ages appear to reflect both the resources
that were available and the nature of the dangers that were present during each period.

Security Management is the identification of an organization's assets (including people, buildings,

machines, systems and information assets), followed by the development, documentation, and
implementation of policies and procedures for protecting these assets.

What are Security Controls?

- Security Controls are safeguards or countermeasures to avoid, detect, counteract, or minimize

security risks to physical property, information, computer systems, or other assets.

What are the types of Internal Security Controls?

1. Preventative 2. Detective 3. Responsive

Before the event, Preventive controls are intended to prevent an incident from occurring e.g. by locking
out unauthorized intruders; During the event, Detective controls are intended to identify and characterize
an incident in progress e.g. by sounding the intruder alarm and alerting the security guards or police; After
the event, Corrective controls are intended to limit the extent of any damage caused by the incident e.g.
by recovering the organization to normal working status as efficiently as possible.

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF SECURITY

Confidentiality

Integrity

Availability

What is the most important concept of security?

According to their nature, for example:

Physical controls - fences, doors, locks and fire extinguishers;

Procedural controls - incident response processes, management oversight, security awareness and
training;

Technical controls - user authentication (login) and logical access controls, antivirus software, firewalls;

The Six Principles of Information Security Management

The fundamental principles of information security include:

• Confidentiality

- (Keeping information safe and secure in places not accessible to public view)

• Privacy

- “Privacy is an individual's right to determine what information they would like others to know
about themselves; which people are permitted know that information; and the ability to determine
when those people can access that information”.

• Quality

- (Useful, accurate and timely)

• Availability

- (Available when needed)

• Trustworthiness

- (reliable, dependable)

• Integrity

- (maintaining and assuring the accuracy and completeness of data

over its entire lifecycle. This means that data cannot be modified in an

unauthorized or undetected manner). (Twomey, 2010).

What is security concept ?>

- The purpose of an information security concept is to implement the security strategy. The concepts
describe the planned approach for achieving an institution’s stipulated security objectives.
- The security concept is the central document in a company’s or public authority’s process.

Different Types of SECURITY ?

Communication Security, Computer Security, Internet Security, Application Security, Data Security,
Digital Security, Information Security, Network Security

Industrial security is a concept that refers to a series of security activities that protect resources and
minimize risk and loss to prevent leakage of key technologies and confidential information at the enterprise
level, and affect national problems as well.

Industrial Security is a branch of security which is aimed at keeping large structures such as factories,
schools and hospital safe. These are typically large scale projects, involving a number of security teams as
well as electronic surveillance and security alarms.

Industry comes from the Latin word industria, which means "diligence, hard work," and the word is still
used with that meaning. (e.g. If you build a house in three weeks, when the same job takes everyone else
three months, you're showing impressive industry).
 - Veterans shall be given priority in employment as security guard or private detective. Person
convicted of any crime involving moral turpitude shall not be employed as security guard or private
detective.
- Private detective, detective agency, security guard, security agency must first obtain license from
the PNP.
- Employees employed solely for clerical or manual work need not be licensed.
- The license shall be displayed at all times in a conspicuous and suitable place in the agency office.

2 Conditions necessary and sufficient for people to utilize private security measures:

1. Felt need;
2. Sufficient resources

LEGAL BASES OF INDUSTRIAL SECURITY IN THE PHILIPPINES

I. Natural Authority

- 1.1 The highest law is the law on self-preservation. (The inherent mechanism of self-preservation became
the unwritten law of the early Filipinos to protect themselves and their property against the natural and
man-made hazards).

LEGAL BASIS OF INDUSTRIAL SECURITY IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. Natural Authority

- The highest authority is the law of self-preservation. By instinct, man naturally reacts to protect himself
his family, his honor, freedom, liberty and property from danger, threat or hazard. He does it personally
and/or thru the help of others. The Filipinos even before the coming of early Chinese traders were already
organized into tribes. Each tribe has each own Chieftain and also of the members. The inherent mechanisms
of self-preservation became the unwritten law of the early Filipinos to protect themselves and their property
against the natural and man-made hazards.

2.1. The prime duty of the government is to serve and protect. (Art. II, Sec.4 of the 1987 Constitution)

2.2. No person shall be deprived of life, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.

(Art. III, Sec. 1 of the 1987 Constitution)

2.3. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation (Art. III, Sec. 9 of the
1987 Constitution).

2. Constitutional Authority
1. The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect people. The Government may call
upon the people to defend State and, in the fulfillment, thereof, all citizens may be required,
under conditions provided by law, or to render personal military or civil services. (Art. II Sec.
4 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution).
- Although the defense of the State is the one contemplated here, people being one of the elements
of the State is directly affected in wherever protection the state will receive from the government
and the people. Take note also that all citizens who are qualified, including the security guards,
may be required by law to render personal military or civil service. The service required of the
citizens is personal.

2. No person shall be deprive of life, liberty or property without due process of law, nor shall
any person be deprived the equal protection of the laws, (Art III Sec. 1 of the 1987
Philippine Constitution).
- This means the life, liberty, freedom and property can only be taken from a person after the
observance of due process of law. Due process of law is of two aspects: substantive and procedural.
Daniel Webster in brief defines procedural due process of law as “one which hears before it
condemns, which proceeds upon inquiry, and render judgment only after trial”. But if taking of life,
liberty, freedom or property does not fall within the framework of due process of law, available
remedies under the law should be resorted to.

3. Private Property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. (Art III Sec.
9 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution). The Constitution protects not only ownership but also
possession, enjoyment, used and disposition of private property by their rightful owners subject to
such limitations imposed by law. In this regards, private property to be taken by the government in
its exercise of the power of the eminent domain must satisfy two important conditions, namely;
public use and just compensation.

2.4. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against
unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable and
no Search Warrant or Warrant of Arrest shall be issue except upon probable cause to be determine
personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the
 witnesses he may produce and particularly describing the place to search and the persons or things
to be seized. (Art. III, Sec.2 of the 1987 Constitution).

3. Statutory Authority

3.1 The Revised Penal Code (Act No.3815 as amended)

- The applicable provisions of the Code on Crime Against Persons, Personal Liberty and Security
and Property have bearing on the security and protection of one’s life, liberty and property.

3.2 Private Security Agency Law (RA 5487 as amended)

- This law governs the operation, administration of security agency and activities, qualifications,
duties and licensing of security guards, watchmen and private detectives. This law is to
professionalize the security services in order to upgrade the level of security protection.

- 3.2.1 Presidential Decree No.11 - Amended Sec. 3(d) which define watchman or security guard.
Watchman or Security Guard Agency. Sec.4 who may organize a security or watchman agency and
Sec. 18 of the penal provisions of RA 5487.

- 3.2.2 Presidential Decree No.100 – (Amended RA5487 & PD No.11) – Further amended the
Sec.3(d) of RA5487 which further define the watchman or Security guard or Watchman or Security
Guard Agency. Further amended Sec.4 by adding as the last paragraph thereof; Amended Sec.5
and 8 of Private Security Agency Law by inserting before the final provision thereto; Amended
Sec. 9 that provides employees need not be licensed; Amended Sec.11 by adding as the second
paragraph thereof; and Amended Sec. 16 paragraph one, which provides for limitations and
prohibitions.

- 3.2.3 Presidential Decree No.1919

- 3.2 Private Security Agency Law (RA 5487 as amended)

3. Statutory Authority

▪ Presidential Decree No.1919 – Amended Sec.3(d) of RA5487 as Amended, is

further amended to expand the definition of Watchman or Security Guard,
Watchman or Security Guard Agency; Amended Sec. 18 of the Private Security
 Agency Law as amended is further amended by providing a third paragraph
thereof; Amended Paragraph 3 of Sec. 8 of RA5487 as amended is further
amended the fees to be paid and bonds; and Paragraph one of Sec.16 of the Private
Security Agency Law as amended is further amended which provide the
limitations and prohibitions of security agency.
▪ Private Security Agency Law (RA 5487 as amended)

3. Statutory Authority

1. The Revised Penal Code (Act No. 3815 ,as amended)

- The applicable provisions of the Code on Crime Against persons, Personal Liberty and Security and
Property have bearing on the security and protection of one’s life, liberty and property.

2. Private Security Agency Law.( Republic Act 5487 as amended)

- This law governs the operation, administration of security agency, and activities qualifications, duties and
licensing of security guards, watchmen and private detectives. In short, it is the intention of this law to
professionalize the security services in order to upgrade the level of security protection.

3. Presidential Decree No.11. (Amending R.A. 5487)

- Presidential Decree 11 amended the Sec. 3) which define Watchman or Security Guard Agency. Sec. 4
who may organize a security or watchman agency and the Sec.18 of the penal provisions of Republic Act.
No: 5487.

4.Presidential decree no. 100 9Amending R.A 5487 P.D. 11)

- The following are amended by Presidential Decree No: 100. Further amended the Sec. 3 (d) of R.A 5487
which further define the watchman or Security guard or Watchman or Security Guard Agency.

5. Presidential Decree No. 1919 (Amending R.A 5487, P.D No:11 and 100)

- The following Sections are further amended:

Sec.3 (d) of R.A 5487 as amended, is further amended to expand the definition of Watchman or Security
Guard, Watchman or Security Guard Agency.
Sec.18 of the Private Security Agency Law as amended is further amended by providing a third paragraph
thereof.

Paragraph 3 of Sec. 8 of R.A 5487 as amended is further amended the fees to be paid and bonds; and

Paragraph one of Sec.16 of the Private Security Agency Law as amended is further amended which provide
the limitations and prohibitions of security agency.

B. DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Security – Protection against any type of crime to safeguard life and assets by various method and device.

2. Security Guard – is any natural person who offers or render personal service to watch or guard
residential or business premises or both, government buildings, establishments and/or their premises, for
hire and compensation.

3. Security Supervisor- is charged with directing the work and observing the behavioral performance of
the guard under his unit.

4. Private Detective – is any natural person, not a member of the regular police force or the A.F.P who
does detective work for hire, reward or commission.

5. Security Guard Force - As a group of forces of men selected, trained or organized into functional group
for the purpose of protecting operational processes from those disruption which impede efficiency or halt
operation at a particular plant, facility, institution or special activity.

6. Security Planning - is a corporate and executive responsibility. It involves knowing the objectives of
the security and the means and the method to reach theses objective or goal must then evolved.

7. Security survey – is the process of conducting an exhaustive Physical examination and thorough
inspection of all operation system and procedures of a facility.

8. Security Inspection – is the process of conducting, Physical examination to determine compliance with
establishment security policies and procedures as a result of security survey.

9. Security Hazard – is any act or condition which may result in the compromise of information, loss of
life, loss or destruction of property or disruption of the objectives of the installation.
10. Security Education Program – a program given to Employees of an installation by lecture and other
means pertaining to measures safeguards to be taken to protect the interest of the installation from loss,
damage, sabotage, pilferage and other criminal acts.

11. Assets Protection Program – it is the sum total of protection scheme encompassing the entire security
spectrum, designed to eliminate, reduce or control threats, hazards, risk or dangers to company assets.

12. Security Cabinet - added protection of important vital papers, plans, data, special correspondence, cash
and other essential documents. Such as vault, safe and file room.

13. Security Alarm System – combination of compatible intrusion and detection device, arranged and
wired as to support one another.

14. Security Lighting – the providing of sufficient illumination to areas during hours of darkness to ensure
visibility and to ask a deterrent to the intruders.

15. Physical Barrier – any physical means to impede, delay or prevent intrusion into a protected area.

16. MASTER KEYING SYSTEM - a system use in big installation whereby keys can open a group of
locks. This is possible by the use of inter changeable cylinder cores in the locks.

17. REMOTE STATION SYSTEM – a system where the alarm signal is transmitted to a remote location
manned and operated by an independent party or police department