Statistical Treatment of Data

In the Barrier Function Theory stated that “The skin acts as a barrier

between the body and the external environment. Some beauty products, such as

moisturizers or emollients, aim to strengthen the skin's barrier function by

providing hydration and lipids. This theory suggests that improved barrier

function can lead to better skin hydration, protection against environmental

stressors, and overall healthier-looking skin.” The researcher examined the

potential of the mixture of potatoes, honey, lavender oil and milk as an organic

moisturizer for the skin. The Potato as an alternative moisturizer then for the

researchers to know the result would be through the application of potatoes to

different leaves such as rose leaves, calamansi leaves and etc..

By gathering the necessary data for the study, the researchers then

utilized the most applicable statistical tool as possible to derive the extensive

evaluation and interpretations for the research.

For specific problems no. 2 and 3, to determine the significant difference

in prolonging the shelf life of produce inhibited with potatoes, honey, lavender oil,

milk and vinegar, with the following exact amount of potatoes, honey, oil, milk

and vinegar, the time duration or how long it hydrates the skin, changes of the

effectiveness of the product, one way – analysis of variance were used.

1. For problem 2 and 8, ANOVA was utilized.

To find the degrees of freedom:

𝑑𝑓b = 𝑘 − 1,

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 𝑑𝑓w = 𝑁 − 𝑘,

where:

dfb = degree of freedom between,

dfw = degree of freedom within,

k = number of groups, and

N = number of samples.

To compute for the sum of squares of group variance:

𝑆𝑆T = Σ𝑥2 − ¿ ¿,

𝑆𝑆b = 2
(
T2 T 2
+
n1 n2
2
+…+
T2
m
nm
−¿ ¿, )
𝑆𝑆w = 𝑆𝑆T – 𝑆𝑆b ,

where:

SST = total sum of squares,

SSb = sum of squares of between group,

SSw = sum of squares of within group,

x = each of the item value,

N = total number of samples,

T1 = total values in group one,

T2 = total values in group two,

Tm = total values in group “m”,

n1 = number of samples in group one,

n2 = number of samples in group two,

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 nm = number of samples in group “m”

2 = “square of”, and

 = “the sum of”.

To find the mean squares of group variance:

S Sb
𝑀𝑆b = d f ,
b

S Sw
𝑀𝑆w = d f ,
w

where:

MSb = mean squares of between group,

MSw = mean squares of within group,

SSb = sum of squares of between group,

SSw = sum of squares of within group,

dfb = degree of freedom between, and

dfw = degree of freedom within.

To compute the value of F – statistic:

M Sb
𝐹cv = M S
w

where:

Fcv = F – statistic ratio value

MSb = mean squares of between group,

MSw = mean squares of within group

2. For problem 9, the t-test for two independent samples was utilized.

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 x 1−x 1

𝑡 =
√ ,
2 2
S S
2 2
+
n 1 n2

where:

t = computed t-test,

𝑥̅1 = mean of the first group,

𝑥̅2 = mean of the second group,

S1 = standard deviation of the first group,

S2 = standard deviation of the second group,

N1 = number of sample for the first group, and

N2 = number of sample for the second group.

If F – critical value and T – critical value is greater than the alpha

level, then the null hypothesis was rejected as significant difference exists.

Otherwise, the researchers are mandated to accept the null hypothesis.

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