Practice Exercise Basic Designs

Q#(1) An investigation was conducted to determine the source of reduction in yield of a certain chemical
product. It was known that the loss in yield occurred in the mother liquor that is the material
removed at the filtration stage. If was felt that different blends of the original material may result
in different yield reduction ate the mother liquor stage. The following are the results of the percent
reduction for 3 batches at each of 4 preselected blends

BLENDS
1 2 3 4
25.6 25.2 20.8 31.6
24.3 28.6 26.7 29.8
27.9 24.7 22.2 34.3

1. Use graphical method to compare mean

2. Perform Analysis of Variance
3. Calculate Co-efficient of variation and interpret it.
4. Find Means and standard error of treatments means.
5. Use appropriate test procedure to determine which blends differ.

Q#(2) In a certain biological experiment 2 concentrations (Low & High) of a certain chemical were
used to enhance the growth in centimeters of a certain type of plant over time. Five plants were
used at each concentration and the growth in each plant was measured. A control (no chemical)
was also applied
Concentration
Control Low High
25.6 25.2 20.8
24.3 28.6 26.7
27.9 24.7 22.2

1. Use graphical method to compare mean

2. Perform Analysis of Variance
3. Set up orthogonal contrasts and test your contrasts for significance by using grouping and
coefficient methods
Q#(3) Several experiments investigating the rodding of concrete to remove entrapped air. A 3-inch × 6-
inch cylinder was used, and the number of times this rod was used is the design variable. The
resulting compressive strength of the concrete specimen is the response. The data are shown in
the following table.

1. Use graphical method to compare mean

2. Perform Analysis of Variance
3. Apply appropriate inference after ANOVA, (apply response curve of appropriate degree)

Q#(4) An experimenter wishes to study the effect on the yield of lima beans of different forms of
fertilizer. He has five treatments of interest:
C Control - no added fertilizer
M Farmyard manure - as an organic fertilizer
F1 Fertilizer F1 - an inorganic fertilizer at 200 kg/ha
F2 Fertilizer F2 - an inorganic fertilizer at 200 kg/ha
F Combined F1 and F2 - both at 100 kg/ha
Note that F1 and F2 are different types of inorganic fertilizer.
He plants five plots of lima beans for each treatment, in land believed to be homogeneous, and
obtains the yields (kg) for each plot.

The analysis of variance table is as follows:

Source of Variation df SS MS Fratio
Treatments 4 727.06 181.77 5.72
Residual 20 635.20 31.76
Total 24 1362.26

and the treatment means are

C M F1 F2 F
66.7 69.9 76.2 74.1 82.4
 (a):- The experimenter expresses interest in the following comparisons:
(i) C vs the rest
(ii) M vs F1 and F2
(iii) F1 vs F2
(iv) F1 and F2 vs F
Test the hypotheses above and explain the steps in the argument.

(b):-Calculate C.V and interpret it.

Q#(5) An agronomist conducted an experiment in which he used the following treatments:

1. T1=Fertilizer 2. T2=Herbicide 3. T3=Fertilizer + Herbicide

4. T4= Insecticide 5. T5=Fertilizer + Insecticide 6. T6= Herbicide +Insecticide

Write down the contrast coefficients for the following five contrasts.

1. Fertilizer alone against herbicide alone

2. Treatments with fertilizer against treatments without fertilizer
3. Treatments with insecticides against treatments without insecticide
4. Fertilizer + herbicide against fertilizer with insecticide
5. Fertilizer + insecticide against herbicide + insecticide.
Is this a set of mutually orthogonal contrasts? Why or Why not?
Q#(6) Consider the problem of determining whether different brands of tiers exhibit different amount of
tread loss after 20,000 miles of driving. A fleet manager wishes to consider four brands A, B, C, and
D that are available and make some decision about which brand might show the least amount of
tread wear after 20,000 miles. The variable to be measured (i.e Response variable or study variable)
is the difference in maximum tread thickness on a tire between the time it is mounted on the wheel
of a car and after it has completed 20,000 miles on this car. Because of the performance of the cars
four cars were used and each car got one tire of each brand and the following data about difference
in thickness in mils (0.001 inch) were recorded

Car
I II III IV
B (14) D (11) A (13) C (9)
C (12) C (12) B (13) D (9)
A (17) B (14) D (11) B (8)
D (13) A (14) C (10) A (13)
1. Test the hypothesis that the performance of four brands of tires are same.
2. Calculate C.V and interpret it.
3. Calculate Standard error for brand means.
 4. Compare the mean of A & C with B & D.
5. What information is provided by F-ratio for cars.
6. Estimate the gain in precision by introducing different cars as a valid source of variation
Q#(7) With reference to above Question, Experience shows that rear tires get different wear than front tires
and even different sides of the same car may show different amounts of tread wear. So positions can
impose another restriction on the randomization in such a way that each brand is not only used once
on each car but also only once in each of the four possible positions: left front, left rear, right front,
and right rear and the data is given below
Car
I II III IV
Position

1 C (12) D (11) A (13) B (8)

2 B (14) C (12) D (11) A (13)
3 A (17) B (14) C (10) D (9)
4 D (13) A (14) B (13) C (9)

1. Perform analysis of variance

2. Calculate C.V and compare it with C.V calculated in the previous question and comment
on the difference between two values.
3. Apply Tukey’s Test
4. Estimate whether position is effective in reducing experimental error.
5. Estimate gain in efficiency due to position as well as cars.

Q#(8) An oil company tested four different blends of gasoline for fuel efficiency according to a Latin
square design in order to control for the variability of four different drivers and four different models
of cars. Fuel efficiency was measured in miles per gallon (mpg) after driving cars over a standard
course.
Fuel Efficiencies (mpg) For 4 Blends of Gasoline
(Latin Square Design: Blends Indicated by Letters A-D)
Car Model
Driver I II III IV
1 D 15.5 B 33.9 C 13.2 A 29.1
2 B 16.3 C 26.6 A 19.4 D 22.8
3 C 10.8 A 31.1 D 17.1 B 30.3
4 A 14.7 D 34.0 B 19.7 C 21.6

1. Compare blends of Gasoline graphically

2. Perform ANOVA to test the difference among means
3. Apply appropriate inference After ANOVA
Q#(9) An investigation was conducted to determine the source of reduction in yield of a certain chemical
product. It was known that the loss in yield occurred in the mother liquor that is the material
removed at the filtration stage. If was felt that different blends of the original material may result
in different yield reduction ate the mother liquor stage. The following are the results of the percent
reduction for 3 batches at each of 4 preselected blends

BLENDS
1 2 3 4
25.6 25.2 20.8 31.6
24.3 24.7 26.7 34.3
27.9 22.2

1. Perform Analysis of Variance

2. Apply Tukey Test, to test difference between means
 MULTIFACTOR EXPERIMENTS

Q#(1) (a) Analyse the following 2 factor factorial experiment in RCBD and make appropriate graphs
Factor 1 : Variety with 3 levels; Factor 2 : Spacing with 3 levels
BLOCKS
Variety Spacing(in.) B1 B2 B3

4 56 45 43
I 8 60 50 45

12 66 57 50

4 65 61 60
II 8 60 58 56

12 53 53 48

4 60 61 50
III 8 62 68 67

12 73 77 77

(b) Analyze the data in part (a) considering CRD i.e considering blocks as replicates

Q#(2) An experiment, with two factors (A,B) was conducted using 4 replicates. A is at 2 levels (sub
plot treatment),B at 2 levels(main plot treatment)
(i) Analyze the data as obtained from a split-split plot design
(ii) Also analyze the data considering replicates as blocks
(iii) Analyze the following data if factor B is nested within factor A

REPLICATE a1 a2
 b1 b2 b1 b2

1 108 85 97 69

2 109 84 105 67

3 113 75 114 86
 4 114 79 120 110

Q#(1)
Q#(3)A split plot experiment was conducted to see the density of planting and fertilizer levels for
cotton crop. Four blocks were used. Each main plot was subjected to three planting densities
(Thin, Medium and Thick) and each subplot was given three fertilizer treatments (none,
Average and Heavy). The data resulting from the experiment is given below. Analyze and
interpret the results.
Rate of planting (density) Block
Fertilizer rate I II III IV
Thin None 8.1 10.3 6.0 7.2
Average 8.6 10.8 10.4 11.6
Heavy 10.2 10.4 11.5 11.6
Medium None 12.2 9.8 9.1 11.0
Average 11.0 9.5 11.7 13.2
Heavy 12.0 12.4 11.6 13.0
Thick None 7.9 13.4 12.0 11.7
Average 10.0 14.2 12.2 13.8
Heavy 12.5 14.0 13.8 13.4
Analyze the data by ANOVA and prepare any graphs of means if you deem necessary.

7.Q#(4)Complete the following ANOVA table

S.O.V DF SS MSS Fratio Ftab

Row 11.67 4.99

Column
Treatment 29

Error

TOTAL 15 136
8.Q#(5)A 2-factor factorial experiment was carried out in RCBD with 3 blocks. Complete the following
ANOVA table

S.O.V DF SS MSS Fratio Ftab

Blocks 18.50

A 36.75
B 1 0.26
AB

Error 17.50

TOTAL 11 74.25