STS 492 ANOVA II

Tutorial

1. (a) A clinical psychologist has run a between-subjects experiment comparing two

treatments for depression (cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and client-
centred therapy (CCT) against a control condition. Subjects were randomly
assigned to the experimental condition. After 12 weeks, the subject’s depres-
sion scores were measured using the CESD depression scale. The data are
summarised as follows:
 
n mean sd
Control 40 21.4 4.5
 
 CBT 40 16.9 5.5
CCT 40 19.1 5.8

Is there any different (α = .01) in the mean of the two treatment?

(b) An education researcher is comparing four different algebra curricula. Eighth
grade students are randomly assigned to one one of the four groups. Their
state achievement test scores are compared at the end of the year. Use the
appropriate statistical procedure to determine whether the curricula differ with
respect to math achievement. An alpha criterion of α = 0.05 should be used
for the test.
 
n mean sd
Curriculum1 50 170.5 14.5
 
Curriculum2 50 168.3 12.8
 
Curriculum3 50 167.6 17.7
Curriculum4 50 172.8 16.8

2. In an experiment to compare the effects of weathering on paint of three different

types, two identical surfaces coated with each type of paint were exposed in each
of four environments. Measurements of the degree of deterioration were made as
follows.
(a) The types of paint and the environments are chosen deliberately because the
interest is in these paints and these environments.
(b) The types of paint are chosen deliberately because the interest is in these paints
but the environments are regarded as a sample of possible environments.
 (c) The types of paint are regarded as a random sample of possible paints and the
environments are regarded as a sample of possible environments.

Environment 1 Environment 2 Environment 3 Environment 4

surface 1 surface2 surface 1 surface2 surface 1 surface2 surface 1 surface2
Paint A 10.89 10.74 9.94 11.25 9.88 10.13 14.11 12.84
Paint B 12.28 13.11 14.45 11.17 11.29 11.10 13.44 11.37
Paint C 10.68 10.30 10.89 10.97 10.61 11.00 12.22 11.32

3. A motor company wishes to check the influences of tyre type and shock absorber settings on
the roadholding of one of its cars. Two types of tyre are selected from the tyre manufacturer
who normally provides tyres for the company’s new vehicles. A shock absorber with three
possible settings is chosen from a range of shock absorbers deemed to be suitable for the
car. An experiment is conducted by conducting roadholding tests using each tyre type and
shock absorber setting. The (coded) data resulting from the experiment are given below.

Factor Shock Absorber Setting

Tyre B1=Comfort B2=Normal B3=Sport
A1 5 8 6
6 5 9
8 3 12

A2 9 10 12
7 9 10
7 8 9

4. In an experiment to evaluate four fertilisers’ effect on the growth of ”Amidon” wheat, four
fertilisers were applied to ”Amidon” and four replicates on each treatment. From the data
below, is there a significant difference at α = 0.001 & 0.005 between the replicate and the
fertiliser applied? From the results, is there a need to compute the least square error?.
Give an R code for this analysis.

Seeding rate (kg/ha)

Rep 25 50 75 100 125 150
1 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.2 4.8 5.3
2 5.4 6.0 5.7 4.8 4.8 4.5
3 5.3 4.7 5.5 5.0 4.4 4.9
4 4.7 4.3 4.7 4.4 4.7 4.1

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5. (a) With the aids of the statistical model, described three types of hierarchical linear
models.
(b) The following data are two independent measurements per mosquito in an experiment
to determine how a medium (cages) affects mosquito breeding. Derive an appropriate
ANOVA model for these data, assuming no case by mosquito interaction. Analysis
of the statistical significance of the design factor by the construction of an ANOVA
table. Give an R code for this analysis.

Cage I Cage II Cage III

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
58.5 77.8 84.0 70.1 69.8 56.0 50.7 63.8 56.6 77.8 69.9 62.1
59.5 80.9 83.6 68.3 69.8 54.5 49.3 65.8 57.5 79.2 69.2 64.5

6. (a) Estimate the missing value and carry out the analysis of variance to test the effect of
the treatments

Block A B C D E
I 2.62 2.67 1.04 1.88 1.74
II 2.58 2.52 m 2.82 2.10
III 2.65 1.92 1.96 7.35 6.62

7. (a) Give four reasons for missing data in a design experiment and discussed two ways of
handing this problem.
(b) The table below gives fictitious experimental data without missing value with the
ANOVA table. Assuming that the value Y32 is missing, evaluate the missing value
and correct for bias. Recompute the ANOVA table and state some facts about the
missing values.

Treatment ANOVA table

Rep A B C D SOV df SS MS F
1 9 11 3 7 Replicate 2 5.167 2.584 0.526
2 8 13 5 10 Treatment 3 72.250 24.083 4.898
3 7 12 8 4 Error 6 29.500 4.917
Total 11 106.917

8. (a) An experiment was conducted to compare the training methods, taking into account
the difference in initial aptitude between the three groups of subjects. The response
yij are achievement scores measured at three levels of a factor representing three
different training methods, and the covariates xij training commenced. The results

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 are given in the table below. Are there any diffidence in mean achievement scores
among the three training methods?. Give an R code for this problem.

Treatment (Type of Training)

1 2 3
X Y X Y X Y
29 15 22 20 33 14
49 19 24 34 45 20
48 21 49 28 35 30
35 27 46 35 39 32
53 35 52 42 36 34
47 39 43 44 48 42
46 23 64 46 63 40
74 38 61 47 57 38
72 33 55 40 56 54
67 50 54 54 78 56

(b) Give three (3) uses of ANCOVA and gives its basic model.

9. (a) A trial was conducted on brown planthopper damage to rice plants. The trial tested
varying numbers of brown planthopper nymphs per tiller. The main character of
interest was the number of productive panicles per plot. Tiller count, made before
the brown planthopper nymphs were on the plant, is used as the covariate. Data on
productive panicle (Y) and initial tiller number (X) for each of the 50 experimental
pots are shown in the table below. Compute the ANCOVA table and test there are
significate diffirent at 5% between the adjusted mean.

Treament Rep I Rep II Rep III Rep IV Rep V

Nymphs/tiller X Y X Y X Y X Y X Y
0 5 5 12 12 11 11 5 8 10 10
1 7 7 9 9 14 8 9 8 8 8
2 9 9 5 5 12 13 5 7 14 16
5 7 6 10 10 6 8 8 8 14 11
10 8 8 5 5 13 11 5 5 15 5
20 12 11 5 5 9 11 7 8 8 8
50 7 7 4 4 11 11 6 5 10 10
100 7 8 20 16 6 7 9 9 8 10
250 10 4 6 7 12 11 5 5 13 6
500 10 10 10 13 7 11 7 8 8 7

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10. In a biological experiment, four concentrate of a certain chemical are used to enhance the
certain types of plant over a specific period of time. The following growth data in cm were
recorded. Find the missing values and test at 5 % level of significant.

’ A B C D
7 8.1 6.7 5.5
6.2 8.5 7.1 8.0
9.1 6.8 m 8.3
8 6.0 6.7 6.7
9.5 7.3 8.0 7.0

11. (a) With the aid of a practical example, explain why a researcher will prefer ANCOVA
to ANOVA.
(b) Derive an expression for a missing values ”m” in a RCBD of a treatments and ”b”
blocks containing two observations for cell that minimises the error sum of squares.
(c) When ANOVA assumption(s) fails in a data set, give different methods to deal with
this situation. For each method, explain with example(s) the condition to use the
method described.
(d) Overdispersion is the presence of greater variability (statistical dispersion) in a data
set than would be expected based on a given statistical model. In the case that
ANOVA is inevitable, in this situation, what trasformation will you suggest and why.
(e) Explain, with example, the following terms (i) ”Missing at random” and (ii) ”Missing
NOT at random”

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