A Century of Language istics of Methods Learner-Teacher Theoretical Goals Roles Method Foundations 0 Teacher as controller Vocabulary Grammar- Classical assumptions Vocabura Translation out education as a memoriza ° : ar rules ‘discipline’ Gramma Learning a foreign Tianlation of passe language is the mark Reading proficiency of educated persons Teacher-directed Seriesand 12 and LI learning Oral fluency Learners respond to Direct similarity Conversation ability Todeled language Methods Meaningful associations 7 Highly teacher-directeq - nication t formation through Oral comm Learners respond to Audiolingual Hal Method (ALM) repetition Primacy of oral communication Pronunciation feithin limited modeled language ‘ discourse) Learners practice target language on their own Teacher is a counselor Teacher is a source of Fluency stretches 0 Oral communicative Community Whole-person, proficiency Language counseling-learning Learning (CLL) model of education formation Class members bond as Learner is a client a community Learners progress from Inductive learning dependence to independence Highly teacher-directed Teacher initiates “concert” sessions and oral models Learners acquire subconsciously Suggestopedia Relaxed states of Oral communication consciuusness create Conversational exchange low anxiety Reading ability Power of “suggestion” —cqu vocabulary Oral communication Highly teacher-directed Silent Way Discovery learning Use of mediating Conversational exchange Teacher is mostly physical objects Reading ability “silent” Problem-solving Acquisition of Learners are responsible approach vocabulary for initiating clarification questions Total Physical 1 and 12 learning are Listening comprehension Teacher-directed Response similar Oral communicative Le ; earners respond ae ae The —Comprehension-hased skills to modeled language ure hoproach approach Learners collaborate Language connects to perform simple th physical action routines — ——— Digitalizado com CamScannerTypical Activities Strengths Weaknesses Explaining rules Memorizing vocabulary Translating reading passages Reading proficiency Become familiar with the written form of a language No oral practice or fluen Re No SL uni ance on memorization dit Repeating teacher models Practicing dialogues, whole class Repeating teacher-modeled prescribed dialogues Oral pattern practice Pronunciation drilling Practicing memorized dialogues in pairs Learners initiate desired language in their L1 Teacher provides translation into the L2 Learners request linguistic rulesiinformation “Concert” session with music in background Learners listen quietly in state of relaxation Repetition drills, role plays, dialogue practice Teacher modeling of target language items Use of colored objects, charts, diagrams Learners collaborate to refine understanding Imperative commands given to leamers Learners respond with actions Role plays Cognitive associations Real-world relevance Common survival language is practiced Emphasis on oral language Building learner confidence Use of taped dialogues provides models Burden is on the learner to initiate language Learners decide topics Class builds community collaboratively Teacher is a resource Low-anxiety situations Relaxation states offer optimal reception Appreciation of literary texts Learning by discovery facilitates autonomy & collaboration Learners are not “spoon fed” Low-anxiety situations Physical-linguistic connections Learners not forced to speak too early Community building Limited in scope Learner creativity is not encouraged Writing not emphasi red eativity Little room for Emphasis on err production Writing/reading not emphasized No set curriculum, so progress is dependent on student initiative Tedious, trial-and-error process Overly nondirective Highly structured curriculum Over-reliance on assumptions about relaxation Wears thin after the first few weeks Teacher can become too distant Tedious, trial-and-error process Wears thin after the first few weeks Advocacy of “silent period” Overemphasis on physical actions, imperatives Wears thin after the first few weeks Digitalizado com CamScanner