INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR
BBA (Hons) 3rd Semester
MID TERM PAPER
Course: ORGANIZATION THEORY & BEHAVIOUR
Instructor: Mr. Moeen Ul Haq
Student Name: Rimsha Alam
Class No: 167
Section: D
Q1.What is organizational behavior (OB)? also What are the challenges and opportunities for
managers in using OB concepts?
Ans. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR:
It is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and
structure have on behavior within organization for the purpose of applying such knowledge
towards improving an organization’s effectiveness.
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES:
1.Improving people’s skills
2.Managing workforce diversity
3.Responding to globalization
4.Empowering people
5.Improving ethical behavior
6.Improving customer service
1.IMPROVING PEOPLE’S SKILLS:
In improving people’s skill technological changes, structural changes, environmental changes
are accelerated at a faster rate in business field, If employees can’t maintain these changes in
business they can’t achieve their goals.
2.MANAGING WORKFORCE DIVERSITY:
In general employees wanted to retain their individual and cultural identity, values and lifestyle
even through they are working in the same organization, Manager has to create different ways
for employees for acquiring more benefits as a creativity and involvation as well as improving
decision making skills in different perspectives.
3.RESPONDING TO GLOBALIZATION:
Manager must understand the culture of local people and to learn to adopt the management
lifestyle of local people of different culture to get success in business operations. Today’s
business is mostly market driven.
4.EMPOWERING PEOPLE:
It is the main issue of delegating more power and responsibility to the lower level employees.
There must be strong relationship between the manager and employees to encourage the
employees to participate in work.
5.IMPROVING ETHICAL BEHAVIOR:
Manager must have to develop code of ethics to guide employees through ethical behavior.
Organizing, seminars, workshops, training programs to improve the ethical behavior of
employees. Manager need to create an ethical healthy climate for his employees where they can
do their work.
6.IMPROVING CUSTOMER SERVICE:
For manager it is important to make sure that your customer service team has the right skills for
your managing customer’s need. Manager must guide their employees through their customer
service.

Q2. What is intellectual ability and how is it relevant to OB?

Ans. Ability refers to an individual’s capacity to perform the various tasks in a job.
INTELLECTUAL ABILITY:
It refers to the ability of thinking and reasoning like mental activities. It is measured by
performance on an intelligence test. It is the ability of retain and recall past experience.
RELEVENCE OF INTELLECTUAL ABILITY TO OB:
Organization behavior is traditionally considered as the study of human behavior in the work
place. In every organization employees must have the different abilities related to their job.
Employees must focus on the required job abilities. If employees lack the required abilities,
they are likely to fail. In a net shell, an employee’s job specification should be in line with his
intellectual abilities. So that they perform excellently and effortlessly to obtain maximum job
satisfaction.

Q3. What are the main components of attitudes? Are these components related or unrelated?
Ans. Attitude is composed of three main components;
1. Cognitive component.
2. Affective component.
3. Behavior component.
1.COGNITIVE COMPONENT:
It is based on the information or knowledge.
2.AFFECTIVE COMPONENT:
It is based on the feelings and emotions.
3.BEHAVIORAL COMPONENT:
It is based on the attitude, the way we act, or behavior. It is the relationship between attitude
and behavior.
Yes, the components of attitude are related to them.

Q4. Does behavior always follow from attitudes? Why or why not? Discuss the factors that
affect whether behavior follows from attitudes.
Ans. Behavior does not always follows from attitude because behavior has numerous causes.
Behavior is follows from attitude of a person like how to act.
When an individuals focus more on their own attitudes and feelings they tend to act on those
attitudes and hence, attitude and behavior are related. In addition when individual feels more
responsibility for their own actions as opposed to being part of a group their attitudes are more
consistent with their behavior.

Q5. What is the difference between emotions and moods? What are the basic emotions and
moods? Are emotions rational? What functions do they serve?
Ans. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EMOTIONS AND MOODS:
1. Mood is something a person may be not express whereas emotions may be expressed.
2. Mood for a long period whereas emotion are for short period.
3. Moods are not created by someone because of any specific object or any particular
situation whereas emotions in people is by something specific object or situation.
4. Moods are cognitive n nature while emotions are oriented in nature.
BASIC EMOTIONS AND MOODS:
The basic emotions and moods are sadness, happiness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust.
EMOTIONS ARE RELATIONAL AND FUCTIONS SERVE:
Emotions are rational in decision making and they help us to understand the world around us.
Emotion and moods serve a number of function. Darwin argued they help in survival problem-
solving. In evolutionary psychology, people must experience emotions, as there is a purpose
behind them.

Q6. What are the Big Five personality traits?  How do the Big Five traits predict work
behavior?
Ans. THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS:
1. Openness to experience.
2. Conscientiousness.
3. Extraversion.
4. Agreeableness.
5. Neuroticism.
1.OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE:
It is generally appreciation of art, emotion, adventure, usually idea etc.
2.CONSCIENTIOUSNESS:
It is the tendency to display self-discipline, art dutifully and outside expectation.
3.EXTRAVERSION:
It is the situations and energy from external mean.
4.AGREEABLENESS:
It is generally considerate, kind, trusting, and trustworthy, helpful and wiling to compromise
their interests with others.
5.NEUROTICISM:
It is the tendency to experience negative emotions, such as anger, anxiety, or depression.
The BIG FIVE PERSONALITY factors, conscientiousness was most strongly associated with
positive work performance, predicting positive work behaviors almost twice as well as any of
the other four traits.