Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Preparacion ECL 2023
Preparacion ECL 2023
Joxeoxs ay sapun Buroq © ‘Hisas aOR BUTT dn spurs ays Kqeusaur enuapysuo> ue daay on MoX| MOU ,us20p aug “BuIyASue apyoef [fa JOADU UD NO, *| 291 St JO UIYS 4p &q IMO 108“ pes ayn ay 9 Jovgvom ayn sapun seat 2 19 94 210}9q PRTIIST ATOTTE Ads ou 01 pes aun my 9 saypeam ayn s9pun 9° _BaTOTOB oy paisa an Huis pu Keg up Suto Ld BOP UY “6H oye pep 301° Sunyerq aqeiore Blog Arey 3h ‘201 ano Jo upys ayn &q an 8 p soyous‘p Suryous > ayous 01-9 -yeauq 204 Joye Sop 124 01 yoUg FUIO8 atojaq ayax"d!9 e —~ paddors ofa ‘uyo8 9 Buso8 o1°q ods worsoea o14040} sno 0) — preao} 400] 24 2894 YES “9 soBueyo“p Buyfunyo 9 pafuey> 4 sfeyo oF? TUalO1yJo LOW Mt 2YeUH OF axOIS a4p JO INOKE] ax — parsons soFeUEUE dULL “CH puny Suioq-p unos 2 Supuy "a pay o “126 rourge> Sumy 01 Soy ay poSeuPUH Sey 2UO ON “by payoud-p yaido'9 payaid 3u10q"q Suryord-e “feouq v siuaed otp aat8 0 jooys woy dn spry 241” paiaygo pey 421815 29H] “Cpt Ai waar Su1aq ‘p Bu1Ars > ‘aai3 014 Sond & ;PUBYOM ax JOAO PLOMDLUOY Jo SIo] — ayLIsIP SWapMHS aYL “ZPT $ | Suusornjonp —patoomunjon">—aajunjonq—_ssaatunjon 2 3} yoam styp waqnny dnos 209} 2g. 8 440m 01 sey siayoean axp jo Ye z $908 -p Buyo8-9 o8 rg oft 5 uosstu fetsods 94) uo — pa.saiunyoa sey s4pI0s yea “Opt 2 sep Buyers aye org aye % ortexpaul dressapauun ~~ sprone ays “61170, Coffee _willbe biter. 184. Her volunteer work contributed __ to the projec. Parts of Speech 1 when has Been heated a long time ——_-b. which has been heated a a.meaning b.means ec. meaningful meaningfully = f. Who has been heated fora long timed. where has been heated for along time_| 185. The __of the word depends on the context. 171. ‘The bank _ is a very old one. | a meaning € meaningful. meaningfully 1. which does Keep his money . where he keeps his money @ | 186. The word “contri ©. where does he keep his money 6. which does he keep his money in| | a. meaning meaningful The teachers _ the plan signed up fo Z| 187. They were both secking a relationship, something long lasting. c a. liked », which liked ‘c. who liked 4d. they liked 5 | a. meaning means ¢. meaningful <4. meaningful 8 173. “Iseveryone ready forthe tes," asked Mr. Smith, Mr. Smith asked | 188. There wasn'ta single __ given to how the decision would impact others. 3 a everyone is ready for the test ». if was everyone ready for the | a thought b.thi thoughtful 4. thoughtfully € ifeveryone were ready forthe test. ifeveryone was ready forthe 3 | 199. ter git was very __and mean lo he fi 74, Are these all he exercises _? Bl a though b.think ——_¢, thoughtful 4. thoughtful you have done Bb. which have you done 190, He __ bought each child a special present unique t his/her personality. who you have done 1. who have you dane had tire St heaghtul thoughtfully 175. The first thing ____is get a medical checkup. 191. You need to stop and carefully __ about the choices you make. a that must you do. that must do you c. youmustdo that that youmust do. | thought b. think Thoughtful °F though 176, Bach of the projects _ ison the whiteboard 192. Joan had asked her boss to__ the instructions forthe task a. need to be completed 'b, needs to be completed view clarify clarity dt clearly © that needs to be completed el teat ose a Be Somes 193. To her dismay, it was perfectly ___ that her son didn’t care about his grades. 177. Thats the picture ___ was taken after graduation. Ae clarify clarity d-clearly eto ce coe ues I 1. -no one had thought about the ramifications of withholding the information. 178. The bellhop ___ our luggage to our room was efficient and professional. |g | a Clear . Clarify e @ Clearly avwhowas taken” baking c-having en taken ds which wastaken |B | 55 iightuness brought alot of tothe problem 179, __ moving overseas, she began applying fr international jobs. rca larly =. elarty d.clearly a. Having considered. Shei considered. She considers d, Was considered] 2 | 196 pac ale of clothing she wore was the most _ ofthe year. 180._____ sneaking into the meeting, the supervisor called her tardiness out to alll “3 teaialae Cashion ieee ae Cece ee ene the suspect to the courthouse for arraignment. 3 181. While ___ the kids’ behavior was becoming expensive, it was worth every | 3 P. taking c. have taken dd. were taken g penny to have the chores completed by the time she got home from work. 2 7 2 $ | 198. The judges’ __was final, 3 act) beware: bade from a senting & | a decide ’. decisions c. decision d. decided y 182. the care package overseas was a kind gesture from her friend. S eee oe 3 a. She sent 'b. Because sending oO —T>s—T nee 2 183._, the car looked almost brand new. 3 | 200: The chair ___and provides support to the lumbar section ofthe back 3 a Itwas clean b. Having been cleaned c. Itwas cleaning d. Had been cleaned | 2 | reclined beating, c-reclines “dwas rectined ANSWEvocabulary.com thesaurus.com edall.net breakingnewsenglish.com englishpage.com Ezslang englishforeveryone.org (Matching) BBC Learning English (Word in the News) jomconnection.com EnglishMaven (picture matching) thesaurus.com Listening Practice with Activities: esi-lab.com | efinet.com est-bits.net, npr.org, PBS.org, 1C Learning English lo.org Ezslang manythings.org learnenglishfeelgood.com (videos plus activities) learningenglish.voanews.com ‘enn.com/studentnews englishclub.com TalkEnglish.com Iyriestraining.com Prepared for DLIELC by Deborah Knight and Vicky learn-english-today.com learn4good.com/languages/toefl/vocabulary (prefixes, suffixes, & roots) msite.com | www-englishmaven.org/Pages/Interrogatives.htm English-guide.org _edailinet eslfis.edu Grammar |estbuesapps.com englishcentral.com esldesk.com englishelub.com roadtogrammar.com | engyid.com usingenglish.com ‘woodwardenglish.com English-Zone.com tolearne learnenglishfeelgood.com examenglish.com ThoughtCo.com (Languages > ESL) | BBC Learning English learn-english-online (basic) | anglo-link English Grammar Secrets | tearnagood/languages/toet/structure (TOEFL exercises plus 11 tests) Liste TESTS for Listening: Listening englshtesttoe net ishclub.com (TOEFL & TOEIC Practice) fale estabcom eshideocom English Central.com (To find other good resources on the internet, betpy/an.deo2.or8)(STO TOUS TAROAT TIAN yn auso.w) 94) UO so>sn0sas pood sa\Ro pul} cL) i¥eLEWN AYIA puE IYBIUX YeLOgza AA 7730 104 pasedaig wor'sisayotew wos snjdsausessa wo pyomsausesise 1y201/saBenBue} wor poo8puse9| wos poo8jaayysiiduausea} 4801 j9na7 auluo [OUND YSAUB wo>puynpa wos'sisaiy woouaredsuest SLSat Biorhoaupeas wo>'yseysa 810-9pin8-ys1'943 ssmauquapms/wo>'uuo woo'sjanaiuismau (1s3 < sa8ensuey) woxroniySnou wor'snjdsawesisa Biodu ysifug Sues) 398 wos'smaueon ysiisuasuUse3| [s{00q g suonedtignd aayy 01 syuy| sey] woo-a8edysy/ua woo ysiBuasmausurjeaq Suo-auossanaioyysiiaua HuIpeeyThe Wise Owl Follow me to success in grammar! Original concept by: Tony Lambert Rewritten by: Angela Brown With contributions from: Sheri PadillaContents Topic Pronouns “Be” (introduction to verbs) Verb forms and tenses Adjectives Adjective order Comparatives/Superlatives Demonstrative adjectives Participial adjectives Adjectives vs. adverbs Adverbs Adverbs of manner Adverbs of degree Adverbs of frequency Adverbs of place Adverbs of time Articles, determiners, and quantifiers Connectors Conjunctions and transitions Connectors with noun phrases Prepositions and phrasal verbs Additional grammar structures and rules Modals “Have” and “Be” with other verbs rules Active and passive voice in all tenses Tag questions So/too/neither/either If conditionals Gerunds and infinitives Embedded questions Relative (Adjective) clauses Verbs of perception Causatives Wishes and regrets Subjunctive Parts of speech and word meanings Page(s)Source Tay Lambert Basic sentence order Basic question order The Wise Owl Subject + Verb. Verb + Subject? A subject is a noun. ‘Nouns: People, places, things, ideas Pronouns: Words that replace nouns “Ssmsenmsaseit SUBJECT PRONOUNS OBJECT PRONOUNS Poeeeee POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS (AFTER VERB OR ADJECTIVES (REPLACES A NOUN) PREPOSITION) (BEFORE A NOUN) ' (ae Me my Mine You You Your Yours He Him His His She Her Her Hers It It Its 8S We Us Our Ours They Them Their Theirs Ilike ice cream. Jane gave the book to me. This is my pencil. <> t'smine. He speaks Arabic. Did Sue call him? Those are his books, > They’rehis. We sing songs. The lady helped us. Our car is new. > oursis new. sek 1. Ineed to borrow __ books for my class tomorrow. a) they b) them —_c) their _) theirs 2. Their son lives in Memphis; lives in Nashville. a) I_—b)yme_—c)my_—d) mine 3. Our snake sheds __skin about four times each year. a)it bits. —c)it’s_—d)its’ Verbs: words that show action, occurrence, or state of being “Be” = one of the most important (and versatile) verbs in English = the only main verb in (American) English that can make questions and negatives without a helping verb = canbe used as a main verb ot as a helping verb 7 Simple Present _| Simple Past_| statement; Col. Anna Marquette is in charge of this unit. am He Question: Is Col. Anna Marquette in charge of the other unit, too? She is was EE It There + “be” + subject. (The subject is after “There + be..") ¥ Wal are were > There afe many dirs in the parking lot right now. [They] > There was only one car in the parking lot last night, e 81. There _a lot of sunshine here in the summer. a)are bywere c)am_— dis 2. Both my older sister and I__ professional educators. a)am —_b) is. are d) was 3. Where ___ the dog when they finally found it? a)was b)were c)are jis 1Source Tony Lambert ‘The Wise Owl Verb Forms* * = = soi Vi ‘v2 V5: v4 “V5. I bare infinitive aes simple past | past participle present participle simple present NO “-s,"“-ed,"“-ing,” or | Regular verbs | Regular verbs | Add the “-ing” suffix to the ‘Singular to-" use the “-ed” | use the ”-ed” base form of the verb. subjects will . suffix. suffix. have a verb that sing | Verbs ending ine,” drop the | addsan-s” or —}>SING ‘There are ‘There are “e" before adding “ing.” | “-es" to the end approximately | approximately of the VI form. | 200irregular | 200 irregular (example: care > caring) dance) verbs, verbs. Plural subjects as Z Most words with a short | will have a verb DANCE Irregular examples: vowel sound and theCVC | that looks like v2 V3 pattern at the end require you | the V1 form. learnt tan ran | todouble the consonant, and = took taken then add “-ing.” * except for" |= LEARN = oe and“have” | rT alk@® drank drunk (example: mop > mopping) spoke spoken = WALK wrote written Verb tenses (active voice): All tenses have past, present, and future times. Simple tenses describe one point in time or one event, (For simple present, itis afact orhabit) Now Past: Joe ate breakfast at 7am yesterday. | | PAST FUTURE Present: Joe eats breakfast at 7am every day. | | oY —_yY-_% => Future: Joe will eat breakfast at Zam tomorrow morning, Simple present = V5 Questions Negatives }o/Does + S+ V1 Does Joe eat breakfast at Zam every day? + do nol/does not + V1 Joe doesn’t eat breakfast at Zam every day. i Gaaay 5 Simple past = V2 Questions +S+V1 Did Joe eat breakfast at 7 am yesterday? Negatives =S + did not + V1 Joe did not eat breakfast at 7am yesterday. Continuous/Progressive tenses describe ongoing events. (Past and future are often used with other events/actions.) All progressive tenses = “be” + V-ing N : Joe was eating breakfast w1 PAST, NOW FUTURE Past: Joe was eating breakfast when I called. Present: Joe is eating breakfast right now. Future: Joe will be eating breakfast when I get home. | ‘Questions: Negatives: Was Joe eating breakfast at 7 am yesterday? Joe wasn’t eating breakfast at Zam yesterday. Is Joe eating breakfast right now? Joe isn’t eating breakfast right now. 2 Will Joe be eating breakfast when I get home? Joe won't be eating breakfast when I get home.Source Tony Lambert ‘The Wise Owl Verb tenses (active voice) continued: All tenses have past, present, and future times. ee Perfect tenses describe a relationship between events or times. All perfect tenses = a form of “have” + V3 NOW ‘ay ‘ FUTURE Preser toh Note: Present perfect is used to connect the past with the present. Present perfect can probably best be described with the phrases “until now" or “so far.” Examples: Icame to the US in January. + Lam still in the US now. = I have been in the US since January. I took a test last week and the week before. = So far, Ihave taken tivo tests. Past: Joe had already eaten breakfast when I saw him. joe has eaten breakfast at 7am for 3 years. II have eaten breakfast by the time I get Questions: Negatives: Had Joe already eaten breakfast when you arrived? Joe hadn't eaten breakfast before I came home. Has Joe eaten breakfast yet? Joe hasn’t eaten breakfast yet. Will Joe have eaten breakfast by the time I get home? _Joe won't have eaten breakfast by the time I get home. Perfect Continuous/Progressive tenses describe actions in progress up to a specific point in time. Al perfect progressive tenses = “have” been + V-ing he NOW FUTURE Present: Joe has been eating lunch at 1pm for 3 years. Future: Joe will have been eating a healthy diet for a year by the time he visits the cardiologist next week. “Note that with the past and future, there are often interrupting actions. Past: Joe had been eating lunch when the lights went out, Note: Present perfect progressive is offen used interchangeably wlll the present perfect. However, i some situations Mey have different meanings. ~~ same meaning—__ Examples: I have spoken English since Iwasa little girl. _‘| have been speaking English since I woas a little girl. different meaning {ave lived in Japan. (10 longer lie in Japan) T have been Hiving in Japan for the lst three years. Questions: Negatives: Had Joe been eating lunch when the lights went out? Joe hadn't been eating breakfast when I came home. Has Joe been eating lunch at 1pm lately? Joe hasn’t been eating breakfast at 7am lately. Will Joe have been eating a healthy diet for a year Joe won't have been eating a healthy diet for a year by the time he visits the cardiologist next week? by the time he visits the cardiologist next week. gad 1.1___until you woke me up. a) had beensleeping b) am sleeping c) have slept _d) will be sleeping 2, Paul, but not Tim, ___the test last Monday. a) has taken b) will take) took —_d) are taking 3. When __ that car? It looks brand new! a) you buy —b) you bought c) are you buying d) did you buy 4. Jim and Tammy ___here for two years now. a) living b) lives c)havelived —_d) has lived 5. The teachers or the supervisor __ the students when they arrive. a) testing b) test _c) tests _d) are testing 6. The children __out in the yard while I was cleaning the house. a) playing b) were playing ¢) play) plays 7. How many countries __ by the time her vacation ends? a) did Linda visit) has Linda visited) will Linda have visited _d) is Linda visiting 3Source: Tons Lambert The Wise Ow! Adjectives Words that describe or modify nouns 4 “Adjective Position: 1) Adjectives can go before a noun 2) Adjectives can go after a linking verb: He's an old soldier. The soldier is oi : — They're inteltigent students, The students seem intelligent, Some linking verbs: ‘That's an expensive car, The car looks expensive. be, seem, appear, become, look, remain, feel, taste, smell, sound Note: Multiple adjectives must be written in a specific order. ADJECTIVE ORDER CHART xwmsen | Ovinion | Se | age | shape [ Cotor [ origin | Matera | Porpose | Noun (many expense sal a ema Teng — Tears] a petty ange — a | ‘some ‘tiny round yellow flowers Wis short 7 black = ‘hair [one es ae Tek oor fer Tie The —earaard —ott Fs the sam i roa baseball paper Bs ay Tain food Tearsid aie Sse a IA little trick: NOSASH.COM (P) Comparing nouns using adjectives ‘Comparatives are used to compare two things. Superlatives are used to single out one of three or more things. One syllable/ Two syllable (examples) Regular 2Nouns or Groups | 3+ Nouns or Groups Usually, adjectives that are one syllable (or two syllables Adjective (__-erthan) (the _-est) ending in “-y” will use “-er” or “-est” suffixes, for example, tall _ the tal ‘all = fuller/fllest, sunny ~ sunnier, sunniest. hot 0 the hottest big, bigger than the biggest 1. Florida is sunnier than Ohio, Tigh higher than the highest 2. Florida is the sunniest state in the US. ‘good ‘etter than the hast ‘Typically, words that are 2+ syllables that do not end in. = the worst “y” will use more/less than & the most/least.* ‘Two or more syllables (examples) oe ae Regular 2 Nouns or Groups | 3+ Nouns or Groups Sree wacked ween raceme a Adjective | (move qaiecivethan)_| he most adectve) 2. This has been the mast outrageous episode so fur! beautiful | — More beautiful ghan — | — the most beautiful ‘outrageous | More outrageous than | the most outrageous ‘Two compare things that are equal (or to show t Jeteliget More intcligent shan pct Jnllpert inequality), use the phrase “as adjective as” or — aT ence “not as adjective as.” “exceptions a — L Chemistry is as hard as physics. @R)_ Chemistry is not as hard as physics Demonstrative adjectives When you want to talk about a specific noun or group, you can use demonstrative adjectives. This, that, these, and those can be used before nouns as adjectives. All four can also be used as pronouns, those books Se _ that ball Se > Nie these shoes “OS QUOD Near _|_Far__|/ Those over there are the ones I need. Singular |_This That Plural These_| Those Bring that back, Pepper! 4 These belong to Kimiko.