SECULARISM MARXISM POSTMODERNISM NEW SPIRITUALITY ISLAM CHRISTIANITY

Theological Trinitarian
Atheism Atheism Suspicion Pantheism Monotheism Monotheism
THEOLOGY

Materalism & Dialectical Spiritual

Naturalism Materialism Anti-Realism Monism Dualism Dualism
PHILOSOPHY

Moral Proletariat Cultural Divine

Relativism or Morality Relativism Karma Command Agape
ETHICS Utilitarianism Theory

Punctuated Anti- Spiritual Special Special

Neo-Darwinism Equilibrium Essentialism Evolution Creation Creation
BIOLOGY

Mind/Body Mind/Body Decentered Mind/Body Mind/Body Mind/Body

Monism Monism Self Monism Dualism Dualism
PSYCHOLOGY (Self-Actualization) (Classical Conditioning) (Fourth Force) (Unfallen) (Fallen)

Personal Proletariat Social Collective Sphere

Autonomy Society Constructionism Consciousness Ummah Sovereignty
SOCIOLOGY

Legal Proletariat Critical Shariah Natural

Positivism Law Legal Studies Self-Law Law Law
LAW

Political Islamic
Progessivism Statism Pessimism or Autarchy Theocracy Subsidiarity
POLITICS Liberalism

Economic Economic Universal Shariah Biblical

Interventionism Socialism Interventionism Enlightened Economics Stewardship
ECONOMICS Production

Social Historical Historical Evolutionary Redemptive

Progress Materialism Revisionism Godhood Pan-Islam Narrative
HISTORY