08-Python Programming 3

Introduction to Computers
Lecture
Python Programming 3
Dr. Mazen Nabil Elagamy

Objectives
• The student should learn to write more advanced Python

code.
• Learn to iterate over a sequence of elements using the

different variations of for loop.
• Learn to iterate over a sequence of elements using the

different variations of while loop in Python

Introduction to Repetition
Structures
• Often have to write code that performs the
same task multiple times
– Disadvantages to duplicating code
• Makes program large
• Time consuming
• May need to be corrected in many places
• Repetition structure: makes computer
repeat included code as necessary
– Includes condition-controlled loops and count-
controlled loops
Elements of a Program
For…. Loops
• The for statement

allows us to iterate
through a sequence of
values.
• for <var> in
<sequence>:
<body>

For…. Loops
The for loop in Python is used to iterate over
for i in range(5): a sequence.
print(i) Syntax of for loop
for val in sequence:
0 Body of for
1
2 Here, val is the variable that takes the value
3 of the item inside the sequence on each
4 iteration.
>>> Loop continues until we reach the last item in
the sequence
We can generate a sequence of numbers using
range() function. range(5) will generate numbers
from 0 to 4 (5 numbers).

For…. Loops

For…. Loops
count=1
for count in range(1,5):
print(count) We can also define the start,
stop and step size
1 as range(start,stop,step
2 size). step size defaults to 1
3 if not provided. Loop
4 continues until we reach the
>>> last item in the sequence.
For…. Loops
sum=0
count=1
for count in range(1,5):
sum=sum+count
print(count,sum)
1 1
2 3
3 6
4 10
>>>

Example
Average Payment Problem
• A small company wishes to determine the
average salary it pays to its employees for
a specific month. The number of
employees and individual salaries can
vary each month. Write a python program
that determines the average salary for the
month of Februaury.

For…. Loops
• Input the count of the employees, n

• Initialize sum to 0
• Loop n times
– Input a salary, x
– Add x to sum
• Output average as sum/n

For…. Loops
# average1.py
# A program to average a set of numbers
# Illustrates counted loop with accumulator
n = eval(input("How many employees do you have?

"))
sum = 0.0
for i in range(n):
x = eval(input("Enter a Salary >> "))
sum = sum + x
print("\nThe average salary for the month of February
is", sum / n)
For…. Loops
How many employees do you have? 5

Enter a Salary >> 320
The average salary for the month of February

is 464

Loops….Break

Loops….Break
for i in range(1,10):
if i==5:
break
print(i)
1
2
3
4
>>>

Loops….Continue

Loops….continue
for i in range(1,10): for val in "string":
if i==5: if val == "i":
continue continue
print(i) print(val)
print("The end")
1
2 s
3 t
4 r
6 n
7 g
8 The end
9 >>>
>>>
For….Else Loops
• In python, for loops also have
an else clause.
• The else clause executes after the loop
completes normally. This means that the
loop did not encounter a break statement.

The while Loop: a Condition-Controlled
Loop
• while loop: while condition is true, do

something
– Two parts:
• Condition tested for true or false value
• Statements repeated as long as condition
is true
– In flow chart, line goes back to previous part

The while Loop
• while <condition>:
<body>
• condition is a Boolean expression, just like in
if statements. The body is a sequence of one
or more statements.
• Semantically, the body of the loop executes
repeatedly as long as the condition remains true.
When the condition is false, the loop terminates.

The while Loop
• The condition is tested at
the top of the loop. This is
known as a pre-test loop. If
the condition is initially
false, the loop body will not
execute at all.
• In order for a loop to stop
executing, something has
to happen inside the loop to
make the condition false
• Iteration: one execution of
the body of a loop
The while Loop
Here’s an example of a while loop that counts from 0 to 10:
i = 0
while i <= 10:
print(i)
i = i + 1
The code has the same output as this for loop:
for i in range(11):
print(i)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
While Loops….Continue

Interactive Loops
# average2.py
# Illustrates interactive loop with two
accumulators
moredata = "yes"
sum = 0.0
count = 0
while moredata == 'yes':
x = eval(input("Enter a number >> "))
sum = sum + x
count = count + 1
moredata = input("Do you have more numbers (yes or
no)? ")
print("\nThe average of the numbers is", sum / count)

Interactive Loops
Enter a number >> 32
Do you have more numbers (yes or no)? yes
Do you have more numbers (yes or no)? no
The average of the numbers is 46.4

Sentinels Loops
• Sentinel: special value that marks the end
of a sequence of items
– When program reaches a sentinel, it knows
that the end of the sequence of items was
reached, and the loop terminates.
– Must be distinctive enough so as not to be
mistaken for a regular value in the sequence
– Example: when reading an input file, empty
line can be used as a sentinel.

Sentinels Loops
# average3.py
# Illustrates sentinel loop using negative input as
sentinel
sum = 0.0
count = 0
x = eval(input("Enter a number (negative to quit) >> "))
while x >= 0:
sum = sum + x
count = count + 1
x = eval(input("Enter a number (negative to quit) >> "))
print("\nThe average of the numbers is", sum / count)

Sentinels Loops
Enter a number (negative to quit) >> 32
Enter a number (negative to quit) >> -1
The average of the numbers is 46.4

Example
Prime Number Check
• Write a python
program that check
whether a number is
prime or not.

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08-Python Programming 3

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Introduction to Computers

Dr. Mazen Nabil Elagamy

• The student should learn to write more advanced Python

• Learn to iterate over a sequence of elements using the

• Learn to iterate over a sequence of elements using the

Dr. Mazen Nabil Elagamy

• The for statement

Dr. Mazen Nabil Elagamy

Dr. Mazen Nabil Elagamy

Dr. Mazen Nabil Elagamy

Dr. Mazen Nabil Elagamy

Dr. Mazen Nabil Elagamy

• Input the count of the employees, n

Dr. Mazen Nabil Elagamy

n = eval(input("How many employees do you have?

How many employees do you have? 5

The average salary for the month of February

Dr. Mazen Nabil Elagamy

Dr. Mazen Nabil Elagamy

Dr. Mazen Nabil Elagamy

Dr. Mazen Nabil Elagamy

Dr. Mazen Nabil Elagamy

• while loop: while condition is true, do

Dr. Mazen Nabil Elagamy

Dr. Mazen Nabil Elagamy

Dr. Mazen Nabil Elagamy

Dr. Mazen Nabil Elagamy

The average of the numbers is 46.4

Dr. Mazen Nabil Elagamy

Dr. Mazen Nabil Elagamy

Dr. Mazen Nabil Elagamy

The average of the numbers is 46.4

Dr. Mazen Nabil Elagamy

Dr. Mazen Nabil Elagamy

Dr. Mazen Nabil Elagamy

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