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What is Green Sand Casting?

By Dinh Tien Vu / Metal Casting / Casting technology

The article provides a concise explanation about green sand casting, which is one of most popular
molding methods in metalworking industry. The knowledge is presented understandble by manufacturing
expert of Vietnam Cast Iron. From the definition, properties, processes, to application, it is very easy to
understand either you are a professional or fressman to the casting industry.

Metalworking is an exact mechanical industry that requires a lot of skills, knowledge, processes, and
technologies to create products.

Nowadays, foundries apply many technologies to metal casting such as die casing, permant
mold casting, lost foam casting or furan resin sand casting. Each of these listed methods maintains
distinctive properties and is suitable for casting certain types of products.

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 Vietnam Cast Iron

Green sand technology

Continuing series blog of casting technology of Vietnam Cast Iron, this article will bring a brief and
concise summary about the green sand technology used popularly in foundries.

The author will provide a detailed explanation including definition, properties, advantages &
disadvantages, and applications so that everyone could be easy to have a clear idea about this metal
casting technology either you are an expert or freshman to this mechanical industry.

Table of Contents 

What is green sand casting?

What is green sand meant by ?

What is green sand for casting made of?

How is green sand casting process?

Could spent green sand be reused? 

Advantage of Green Sand Casting 

The disadvantage of green sand casting 

Application of Green Sand Casting

Contact information

What is green sand casting? 

Initially, a concise definition will help you have a first imagination about this metal casting technology.
Vietnam Cast Iron
Green sand casting is one of the first and popular methods used in mold sand technology and often
applied in metal casting foundries. This molding method is featured by using green sand as the main
material to create the sand mold for the casting.

What is green sand meant by ?

You may wonder that what is the green sand or how it differs from other types of sand.

The green sand refers to a kind of wet-featured sand. The term “green sand” is not about the color of the
sand but it expresses the moisture nature of the molding sand which is not dried or baked.

Green Sand

The property of green sand in casting is wet. The sand is called green because of sand moisture as
same as green wood before the moisture is dried out when the molten metal is poured into the sand
mold.

What is green sand for casting made of?

So what makes the green sand different from other sands?

Unlike shell molding and no-bake casting which bonding sand by using heats or chemical compounds,
green sand for metal casting is unique by bonding sand naturally, mostly due to clay presence.

Green sand in casting is a mixture of different ingredients in suitable proportion as following: 

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 Vietnam Cast Iron
ELEMENT PERCENTAGE

Silica sand (SiO2), Chromite sand (FeCr2O4) or Zircon sand (ZrSiO4) 75 to 85%

Bentonite clay 5 to 11%

Water 2 to 4%

Inert sludge 3 to 5%

Anthracite 0 to 1%

As a molding method, green sand is very popular and easy to buy.

If you want to buy green sand for casting, you may find it in mechanic and construction building material
shops. Or you also can make your own with formula by buying ingredients listed above and creating a
green sand mixture in the suggested proportion.

How is green sand casting process?

Green sand process

Generally, the process to cast product by this molding technology is quite simple in comparison with
other mold making methods.

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 Vietnam Cast
Green sand Iron process
molding

Summarily, the green sand mold casting process includes 4 steps as following:

1. Firstly, loading green sand into a flask (a typical tool used to contain casting mold).
2. Secondly, placing the designed pattern inside and pressing it into the sand. The pattern design
matchs with the final product including calculation of tolerances. A pattern can be made from any
kind of material due to this method doesn’t use any heats or chemical compounds affecting the
pattern. Froundries often use plastics and wood  because of their low cost. 
3. There will be a suitable mold cavity when removing the pattern. After that, filling the molten metal
into the cavity mold.
4. Once the metal is cool and solid, a sand mold is removed by the shakeout process and casting is
collected.

Pouring Cast iron to manufacture Windows frame using Green sand technology | …

This casing process can either conducted manually or used automatically system.
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With manual casting, the set-up costs are low and mold materials can be reclaimed easily. However, the
Vietnam
cost per product Cast Iron it requires several workers to produce a casting.
is high because

Contrary, applying an automatic system can optimize production effectiveness and invested cost.

Could spent green sand be reused? 

Many raise the question that what happens to the used green sand or could reuse the spent sand after
the molding process or not. A simple answer is yes.

The sand used in the metalworking process usually called spent sand. End of the casting process,
foundries often collect spent green sand and recycle for the next usage.

Green Sand used in metal casting

The spent sand has to be removed impurities after the metal casting process. It is very important to
filter out any materials left in the last process to maintain the quality of the green sand for next casting
process. Failure to do so will lead to the product remains defects. 

After the impurity removal step, the sand is remixed in a suitable proportion as mentioned above and
ready for the new molding process.

Advantage of Green Sand Casting 

Nowadays, foundries apply green sand technology commonly in metalworking due to its outstanding
advantages.

Below lists some of its major advantages. 

1. Firstly, the average cost to produce the casting is affordable and reasonable because this mold
casting method doesn’t require complicated processes and high-tech machinery. 
2. Another benefit of this technology is its versatility with production. It allows any alloys to be
poured into and is flexible in the choice of molds and patterns.
3. Furthermore, this mold casting technology is an environmentally friendly process where the
aggregated mold can be treated and repeatedly used. The sand can be reused many times after
adjusting the composition. 

The disadvantage of green sand

casting 

However, like other methods, this green sand molding method also remains some of the limitations.
Vietnam Cast Iron
1. Firstly, molds prepare for this process lack of permeability, strength, and stability. It cannot be
stored in a long time and erosion is popular.
2. Secondly, it creates concerns about defects such as porosity, blowholes because of steam
formation due to its moisture content.
3. Thirdly, the surface of the finished product is not smooth in comparison with other casing
processes because of the fairly rough interface between molten metal and the sand mold.
4. Fourth, this mold casting method is also limited in size and difficult to cast complicated shapes. 

Application of Green Sand Casting

Lamp post is one of Green sand casting's application

Despite some limitations, foundries uses green sand process widely because of its productive versatility
and reasonable cost. There are numerous applications of this casting technique in the metalworking
industry particularly.

With the property of bonding naturally, green sand mold has sufficient strength for almost sand casting
applications.

In terms of casting material, it can be applied to cast both ferrous and nonferrous metals. This casting
method can use for almost any alloys ranging from copper, aluminum, nickel, to magnesium.

In terms of design, it is suitable for simple, small, and medium-size casting, and mass production.

The above provides a brief and condensed explanation about the green sand method including
definition, sand mixture, process, properties, and application of casting by green sand technology.

Generally, Green sand casting is an efficient and economic process. At Vietnam Cast Iron, with numbers 
of high skillful and expert labors and high-tech machinery, we could manufacture almost any products by
this molding technology, from a lamppost, counterweight, manhole cover, pump casing to trash bin,
Vietnam
railing, Cast
gas burner, etc. Iron

We work with our customers to decide the best casting processes resulting best quality for final
products and minimizing the buying cost.

Request a quote to get more information on how our casting service can match your project
requirements.

Contact information
Company: Vietnam Cast Iron Co.Ltd
Address: Lai Xuan, Thuy Nguyen District, Hai Phong city, Vietnam
Email: business@vietnamcastiron.com

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About The Author

Dinh Tien Vu
Mr. Dinh Tien Vu is Founder & CEO at Vietnam Cast Iron. With 12 years of experience in
manufacturing management and technical supervision, Mr. Vu has well knowledge and excellent
expertise in the field of metalworking. Currently, he manages all of the company's technical
affairs and sale functions.

1 thought on “What is Green Sand Casting?”

REAL ESTATE AGENCIES IN HAI PHONG CITY

NOVEMBER 11, 2020 AT 5:21 AM

Excellent post. I was checking constantly this weblog and

I am impressed! Extremely helpful information specifically the ultimate section :
) I handle such info a lot. I used to be seeking this particular info for a very lengthy time.
Thank you and best of luck.

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