BAL BHARATI PUBLIC SCHOOL, PITAMPURA, DELHI – 110034

SUBJECT: - HISTORY

CHAPTER: -NATIONALISM IN INDIA

Dear Students,
This is an E Lesson Plan of the chapter Nationalism in India.

WEEK – 30-3-21 – 2-3-21

No of Blocks -2

SUB TOPICS :
 The first World War Khilafat & Non Cooperation
 The Rowlatt Act
 Why Non Cooperation ?
LEARNING OUTCOMES :
Each student will be able
 Define Nationalism
 Analyze the difficulties faced by the people after the first World War
 Interpret the idea of satyagraha & justify the need for the Satyagraha movement
 Examine the provisions of the Rowlatt Act and justify the Indian opposition towards
the Act
 Enlist the events preceding the Khilafat and Non cooperation Movement
 List the aims of the Khilafat and Non cooperation Movement
INSTRUCTIONAL TOOLS
 Concept Maps
You Tube video links
 https://youtu.be/Q7jL3pcsrQo
 https://youtu.be/v5OkAmg-kts
 https://youtu.be/wJgnjRmFatc
WEB LINK OF THE CHAPTER
 http://www.ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/jess301.pdf
ONLINE TOOLS
 Quizziz.com
 Mind Meister online App.

Read this e-lesson and the lesson Nationalism in India from the textbook. Thereafter
follow the instructions and do the given assignment in the HistoryNotebook
.
 INTRODUCTION ACTIVITY :

PRE KNOWLEDGE TESTING

Q1.Define Nationalism

BRAIN STORMING

Q1.List out the various ways in which the British exploited and discriminated with the Indians .

Q2.Do you think growth of nationalism in the colonies is linked to an anti-colonial movement.

OVERVIEW
Nationalism may be defined as the feeling of oneness and unity among the people of a nation. In
India, nationalism arose when the dark period of colonialism began. Different groups were
united and protested in huge numbers against the colonizers.

THE FIRST WORLD WAR, KHILAFAT AND NON CO-OPERATION

EFFECTS OF THE I WORLD WAR

1. Increase in defense expenditure
2. Forced recruitment
3. Crop failure
4. Influenza epidemic
5. Introduction of the income tax

 These created problems for the citizens of India and they believed that all their hardships
would come to an end after the war but that did not happen.
 A new leader emerged and suggested a new mode of struggle. Mahatma Gandhi returned to
India in January 1915 from South Africa, where he successfully fought racial discrimination
 with a novel method of mass agitation-Satyagraha.

SATYAGRAHA
It is suggested that if the fight is for the truth, against injustice, then no physical force is required
to win the battle. Gandhiji believed that people needed to see the truth rather than just accepting
it. He also believed that this Dharma of non-violence would unite all Indians.

LET’S DEBATE

Do you think Satyagraha as an ideology is still relevant today ? Give arguments for & against the motion

Hence, he started his Satyagraha movement in three places across India:

1. 1917, Champaran, Bihar: Here, he inspired the peasants to struggle against the
oppressive plantation system.
2. 1917, Kheda district, Gujarat: Here, the peasants were demanding relaxation in tax
revenue.
3. 1918, Ahmedabad- Here, he organized the Satyagraha movement among the
cotton mill workers.

CLASS ACTIVITY
THINK PAIR SHARE

Read the given source & answer the Questions that follow
‘It is said of “passive resistance” that it is the weapon of the weak, but the power
which is the subject of this article can be used only by the strong. This power is not
passive resistance; indeed it calls for intense activity. The movement in South Africa
was not passive but active ...‘ Satyagraha is not physical force. A satyagrahi
does not inflict pain on the adversary; he does not seek his destruction ... In the use
of satyagraha, there is no ill-will whatever.‘ Satyagraha is pure soul-force. Truth is
the very substance of the soul. That is why this force is called satyagraha. The soul is
informed with knowledge. In it burns the flame of love. ... Non- violence is the
supreme dharma ...
‘It is certain that India cannot rival Britain or Europe in force of arms. The British
worship the war-god and they can all of them become, as they are becoming, bearers
of arms. The hundreds of millions in India can never carry arms. They have made the
religion of non-violence their
own ...’
Question : What did Mahatma Gandhi mean when he said Satyagraha is active
resistance”
 ROWLATT ACT

Rowlatt Act (1919) was hurriedly passed by the imperial council despite opposition from the
Indian members.
 It gave enormous powers to the government.
 It allowed the government to suppress any political meeting.
 It allowed the government to arrest political leaders without trial for two years.

INDIAN RESPONSE TO THE ROWLATT ACT

 It was dubbed as a “Black Act “ as it curtailed civil liberties & was an arbitrary Act
 Mahatma Gandhi was against this, so he started a strike on 6th April 1919.
 Rallies were organized
 Shops were looted
 Bazaars were picketed

RESPONSE OF THE BRITISH

 Alarmed by the popular upsurge, and scared that lines of communication such as the
railways and telegraph would be disrupted, the British administration decided to clamp
down on nationalists.
 Local leaders were picked up from Amritsar, and Mahatma Gandhi was barred from
entering Delhi.
 On 10 April, the police in Amritsar fired upon a peaceful procession, provoking
widespread attacks on banks, post offices and railway stations
 Martial law was imposed and General Dyer took command.

JALLIANWALAN BAGH MASSACRE

 On 13th April 1919, the infamous Jallianwala Bagh incident took place.
 A large crowd gathered in the ground of the Jallianwala Bagh. Some came to protest
against the government’s new repressive measures while the others came to attend the
annual Baisakhi fair.
 Many people were unaware of the Martial law that had been imposed.
 General Dyer entered the area, blocked the exit points and opened fire on the crowd,
killing hundreds.
 As the news of the incident spread, crowds took to streets in many north Indian towns.
 There were strikes, clashes with the police and attacks on government buildings.
 The government responded with brutal repression, seeking to humiliate and terrorize the
people.

KHILAFAT AND NON CO-OPERATION MOVEMENT

 After the First World War and the defeat of the Ottoman Turks, there was a rumour that a
harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on Turkey which would threaten the powers of
the spiritual leader, the KHALIFA. To defend his temporal powers, a Khilafat Committee
was set up in Bombay in March 1919.

 Muhammed Ali and Shaukat Ali began discussing issues with Gandhiji and at the Calcuta
 session of the Congress in 1920, convinced all the other members about joining the Non
Cooperation Movement with the Khilafat movement.

NON CO-OPERATION MOVEMENT

In his Hind Swaraj (1909), Mahatma Gandhi declared that the British were stable in India only
because of the cooperation extended by the Indians.

AIM OF THE KHILAFAT & NON COOPERATION MOVEMENT

 Attainment of Swaraj
 Redress the wrongs done to Punjab & Turkey

WORDS THAT MATTER

KEY WORDS
 Forced recruitment – A process by which the colonial state forced people to join the army

 Boycott – The refusal to deal and associate with people, or participate in activities, or buy
and use things; usually a form of protest

 Picket – A form of demonstration or protest by which people block the entrance to a

shop,factory or office

ASSIGNMENT:

Q1.What did Mahatma Gandhi in his book, Hind Swaraj, declare?

(a) British ruled India because the latter was militarily weak
(b) British ruled India because Indians cooperated with them
(c) British ruled India because they got international support
(d) None of these
Q2.Champaran Satyagraha (1916) was launched by Gandhiji against:-
(a) high revenue demand
(b) indigo planters
(c) mill owners
(d) salt tax

Q3. Define Nationalism.

Q4. “The war created a new political and economic situation in India “Justify

.Q5. Explain the term “Satya graha”.

Q6. Write a short note on the JallianwalanBagh massacre.
Q7. Examine the provisions of the Rowlatt Act and how did the Indians oppose this Act ?
 BAL BHARATI PUBLIC SCHOOL, PITAMPURA, DELHI – 110034

SUBJECT:- HISTORY
CLASS -X

CHAPTER:-NATIONALISM IN INDIA
Dear Students,
This is the second E Lesson Plan of the chapter Nationalism in India.

WEEK – 05-4-21 – 9-4-21

No of Blocks -2

SUB TOPICS:
Differing Strands within the Movement
 The Movement in the Towns
 Rebellion in the Countryside
 Swaraj in the Plantations

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Each student will be able to

 Examine the Non-Cooperation Movement in the Towns, countryside
and plantations.
 Evaluate the outcomes of the Non cooperation Movement in the towns,
countryside and plantations
 Analyse the drawbacks of the movement
 Enlist the reason for the abrupt withdrawal of the movement

INSTRUCTIONAL TOOLS
Concept Maps
You Tube Videos
 https://youtu.be/Dt0kn0lb8Ko
 https://youtu.be/yPi-Om8ywdw
 https://youtu.be/3b6KfjqlkZ8
E-TEXT BOOK
 http://www.ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/jess301.pdf

ONLINE TOOLS
 Quizziz.com
 Mind Meister online App.
 Extra Marks Modules
 Read this e-lesson and the lesson Nationalism in India from the textbook.
Thereafter follow the instructions and do the given assignment in the History
Notebook

INTRODUCTION ACTIVITY
PRE KNOWLEDGE TESTING
Q1.Why did Gandhi Ji choose Non Cooperation as the theme of his first mass
movement ?
Q2. Enlist the early Satyagraha movements launched by Gandhi ji .
OVER VIEW
In his book Hind Swaraj (1909) Mahatma Gandhi declared that the
British were stable in India only because of the cooperation extended by
the Indians. If the Indians refused to co-operate with the British then the
British rule would collapse within a year and Swaraj would come.

He suggested that non cooperation would become a movement in 3

stages:
1. Surrender of all titles awarded by the British
2. Boycott of all British institutions, police officers, clothes etc.
3. In case the government used repression, a full civil disobedience will
be launched.

Many within the Congress feared that it would lead to popular violence but
finally in the Nagpur session of Congress in 1920, Non Cooperation
programme was adopted
The Non-Cooperation Movement began in January 1921

The Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement began in January 1921. Various

social groups participated in this movement, each with its own specific
aspiration. All of them responded to the call of Swaraj,but the term meant
different things to different people.

NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT IN THE CITIES

 Students left their schools
 Teachers left teaching
  Lawyers left their practices
 Council elections were boycotted except in Madras, where the
Justice party found this the only way to gain power.
 Foreign cloth was boycotted and indigenous Khadi was promoted

IMPACT OF THE NON-CO-OPERATION MOVEMENT ON THE

ECONOMIC FRONT
 The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921 and 1922 and its
value dropped from 102 crores to 57 crores.
 Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed and foreign
cloth burnt in huge bonfires.
 In many places traders and merchants refused to trade in foreign goods
or finance foreign goods.
 As the boycott movement spread people refused to wear imported
clothes and wore only Indian ones.
 Production of Indian textiles and handlooms went up

But this movement gradually lost its momentum because:

Khadi was quite expensive and it could not be afforded by an

1.
ordinary person
2. Alternative Indian institutions had to come up in place of the
British ones but since they were slow to come up so the students
and teachers went back to the old British ones.
3. It also did not get much support from the backward classes.
REBELLION IN THE COUNTRYSIDE
From the cities, the Non-Cooperation Movement spread to the countryside. It
drew into its fold the struggles of peasants and tribal groups
CASE STUDY: PEASANTS OF AWADH
In Awadh, peasants were led by Baba Ramchandra – a sanyasi who had earlier
been to Fiji as an indentured labourer. The movement here was against
talukdars and landlords who demanded from peasants exorbitantly high rents
and a variety of other cesses.
Peasants had to do begar and work at landlords’ farms without any payment.
As tenants they had no security of tenure, being regularly evicted so that they
could acquire no right over the leased land.
The peasant movement demanded
 Reduction of revenue,
 Abolition of begar
 Social boycott of oppressive landlords.
METHODS ADOPTED
1. In many places nai – dhobi bandhs were organised by panchayats to
deprive landlords of the services of even barbers and washermen.
2. In June 1920, Jawaharlal Nehru began going around the villages in
Awadh, talking to the villagers, and trying to understand their grievances.
By October, the Oudh Kisan Sabha was set up headed by Jawaharlal
Nehru, Baba Ramchandra and a few others. Within a month, over 300
branches had been set up in the villages around the region
OUTCOME OF THE PEASANT MOVEMENT IN AWADH
1. So when the Non-Cooperation Movement began the following year, the
effort of the Congress was to integrate the Awadh peasant struggle into
the wider struggle.
2. The peasant movement, however, developed in forms that the Congress
leadership was unhappy with. As the movement spread in 1921, the
houses of talukdars and merchants were attacked, bazaars were looted,
and grain hoards were taken over.
3. In many places local leaders told peasants that Gandhiji had declared that
no taxes were to be paid and land was to be redistributed among the poor.
The name of the Mahatma was being invoked to sanction all action and
aspirations.
 ACTIVITY-1

THINK PAIR SHARE

If you were a peasant in Uttar Pradesh in 1920, how would you have
responded to Gandhiji’s call for Swaraj? Give reasons for your response.

CASE STUDY: TRIBAL PEASANTS OF GUDEM HILLS (ANDHRA

PRADESH)
In Gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh, they were headed by Alluri Sitaram
Raju (who healed people, survived gunshots and could make correct
astrological predictions)

Their demands:

 Able to collect firewood from the forests

 Forests should not be enclosed

Raju talked of the greatness of Mahatma Gandhi, said he was inspired by the
Non-Cooperation Movement, and persuaded people to wear khadi and give
up drinking.
But at the same time he asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of
force, not non-violence.
OUTCOME OF THE TRIBAL NON COOPERATION MOVEMENT
1. The Gudem rebels attacked police stations, attempted to kill British
officials and carried on guerrilla warfare for achieving swaraj.
2. Raju was captured and executed in 1924, and over time became a folk
hero.

SWARAJ IN THE PLANTATIONS

CASE STUDY : PLANTATION WORKERS OF AWADH
Workers too had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi and the notion of
swaraj.
For plantation workers in Assam, freedom meant the right to move freely in and
out of the confined space in which they were enclosed, and it meant retaining a
link with the village from which they had come.
Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not
permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission, and in fact they were
rarely given such permission.
METHODS ADOPTED
1. When they heard of the Non-Cooperation Movement, thousands of
workers defied the authorities, left the plantations and headed home.
2. They believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone would be given
land in their own villages.
3. They, however, never reached their destination. Stranded on the way by a
railway and steamer strike, they were caught by the police and brutally
beaten up.

OUTCOMES OF THE TRIBAL MOVEMENT

1. The visions of these movements were not defined by the Congress
programme. They interpreted the term swaraj in their own
ways,imagining it to be a time when all suffering and all troubles would
be over.
2. Yet, when the tribals chanted Gandhiji’s name and raised slogans
demanding ‘Swatantra Bharat’, they were also emotionally relating to an
all-India agitation
3. When they acted in the name of Mahatma Gandhi, or linked their
movement to that of the Congress, they were identifying with a
movement which went beyond the limits of their immediate locality.

Congress never defined the meaning of Swaraj, different social groups

interpreted their meaning of freedom and interrelated with Swaraj.
Congress left ‘Swaraj’ as a relative term.

CALLING OFF THE NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT

1. At Chauri Chaura, Gorakhpur, when Gandhiji realized that
violence was spreading he called a halt to the Non Cooperation
movement.

2. He felt that people need to be trained before mass struggle.

 ACTIVITY -2

The year is 1921. You are a student in a government-controlled school.

Design a poster urging school students to answer Gandhiji’s call to join
the Non-Cooperation
Movement.

KEY WORDS

Boycott – The refusal to deal and associate with people, or participate in

activities, or buy and
use things; usually a form of protest

Begar – Labour that villagers were forced to contribute without any payment
ASSIGNMENT

Q1. Why did Gandhi choose Non Co-operation as the theme of his first mass
movement& what was the objective of this movement .
Q2. State one reason why the Non Co-operation movement was called off in
1922.
Q3. Write any three effects of the Non co-operation movement on the economic
front.
Q4.Analyse the features of the Non co-operation movement in the cities.
Q4.Examine the reasons why the Non co-operation movement slowed down in
the cities.
Q5. Plantation owners had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi’s idea
of Swaraj. Support this statement with five points.
 BAL BHARATI PUBLIC SCHOOL, PITAMPURA, DELHI – 110034

SUBJECT:- HISTORY
CLASS -X

CHAPTER:-NATIONALISM IN INDIA
Dear Students,
This is the third E Lesson Plan of the chapter Nationalism in India.

WEEK – 12-4-21 – 16-4-21

No of Blocks -2

SUB TOPICS:
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
 The Salt March and the Civil Disobedience Movement

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Each student will be able to

 Enlist and explain the events preceding the Civil Disobedience
Movement
 Justify Civil Disobedience & salt Satyagraha as the theme of the second
mass movement
 Analyze the aims of the movement
FLIPPED LEARNING
A graphic Novel will be shared before the class over the weekend with the
Students
Link of the Graphic Novel
https://www.thequint.com/amp/story/news/graphic-novels/graphic-novel-or-
how-gandhis-dandi-march-shook-the-british-empire

INSTRUCTIONAL TOOLS
Concept Maps
You Tube Videos
 https://youtu.be/Dt0kn0lb8Ko
 https://youtu.be/yPi-Om8ywdw
 https://youtu.be/3b6KfjqlkZ8
E-TEXT BOOK
 http://www.ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/jess301.pdf
ONLINE TOOLS
 Quizziz.com
 Mind Meister online App.
 Extra Marks Modules
 Read this e-lesson and the lesson Nationalism in India from the textbook.
Thereafter follow the instructions and do the given assignment in the History
Notebook

INTRODUCTION ACTIVITY

PRE KNOWLEDGE TESTING

Q1.Enlist the various social groups which participated in the Non
Cooperation Movement
Q2.Mention the goals of the Khilafat and Non Cooperation Movement .

BRAIN STORMING

Q1. Do you think that the Non cooperation Movement was the first mass
Movement ? Justify

LESSON DEVELOPMENT
IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENTS PRECEDING THE CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT

 Withdrawal of the Non co-operation movement in 1922.

 Within the Congress, some leaders were by now tired of mass struggles and
wanted to participate in elections to the provincial councils that had been set up
by the Government of India Act of 1919. They felt that it was important to
oppose British policies within the councils, argue for reform and also
demonstrate that these councils were not truly democratic. C. R. Das and
Motilal Nehru formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress to argue for a
return to council politics.
 Younger leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose pressed
for more radical mass agitation and for full independence.
 Nationwide economic Depression wherein prices of agricultural products fell
and ultimately collapsed
 During this period the new Tory government of Britain introduced a
Statutory Commission under John Simon which had:

1. To suggest changes in the Constitutional system

2. To see the proper functioning of the system.

SIMON COMMISSION –

 When Sir Simon arrived in India in 1928 many greeted him with slogans
like ‘Simon Go Back’as it was an All White Commission and did not have
a single Indian Member .
 In an effort to win them over viceroy Lord Irwin announced the
DOMINION STATUS and a ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE to be held
in England at a future date.

INDIAN RESPONSE TO THE SIMON COMMISSION

 When the Simon Commission arrived in India in 1928, it was greeted with the
slogan ‘Go back Simon’. All parties, including the Congress and the Muslim
League, participated in the demonstrations.
 In an effort to win them over, the viceroy, Lord Irwin, announced in October
1929, a vague offer of ‘dominion status’ for India in an unspecified future, and a
Round Table Conference to discuss a future constitution. This did not satisfy the
Congress leaders. The radicals within the Congress, led by Jawaharlal Nehru
and Subhas Chandra Bose, became more assertive.
 The liberals and moderates, who were proposing a constitutional system within
the framework of British dominion, gradually lost their influence.

LAHORE SESSION OF THE INC IN 1929-IMPORTANT DECISIONS TAKEN

AIMS OF THE NEXT MASS MOVEMENT DEFINED
 In December 1929, under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, the Lahore
Congress formalised the demand of ‘Purna Swaraj’ or full independence for
India.

 It was declared that 26 January 1930, would be celebrated as the

Independence Day

THE SALT MARCH AND THE CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT

WHY SALT AS A NEW SYMBOL FOR STRUGGLE ?

 Salt was the most essential item of food and was consumed by the rich and
the poor alike.
 The tax on salt and the government monopoly over its production revealed
the oppressive face of the British rule.
DEMANDS OF GANDHI BEFORE LAUNCHING THE CIVIL
DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT

 On 31st January 1930 he sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating his 11 demands
which were wide ranging so that all the groups could associate with the
movement.
 He also gave an ultimatum till 11th March after which he would launch a
civil disobedience campaign.

BRITISH REPLY TO GANDHI JI ‘S DEMANDS & GANDHI JI’S

RESPONSE
 As Lord Irwin was unwilling to negotiate.
 Gandhiji started a salt march from Sabarmati Ashram to the coastal town
of Gujarat-Dandi.Gandhi & his followers walked for 24 days, 10 miles a
day and on reaching Dandi, on 6th April 1930, broke the salt law and
manufactured salt by boiling sea water. This marked the beginning of
the Civil disobedience movement.

METHODS USED IN THE CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT

 People were now not only asked to not cooperate but also to break laws.
People began breaking colonial laws, looting bazaars and picketing
shops etc.

 When Abdul Ghaffar Khan, a disciple of Gandhiji was arrested, many

people began demonstrating on the streets of Peshawar.

 When Gandhiji himself was arrested dockworkers of Sholapur protested,

burning British houses and buildings.

WITHDRAWL OF THE CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT IN 1931 &

IT’S RELAUNCH AGAIN IN 1934
Seeing the violence spread, Gandhiji called off the movement and signed the
Gandhi-Irwin Pact, on 5th March 1931. He decided to participate in the
Second Round Table Conference in London and Irwin agreed to release
political prisoners.

But at the Round Table Conference negotiations with the British broke down and
Gandhiji came back to India. On his return he was disappointed and observed the
following
 Congress had been declared an illegal organization.
 Abdul Ghaffar Khan and J. Nehru had been jailed.
 Series of events/measures had been adopted to prevent public meetings
etc. So he relaunched the movement but in 1934 the Civil isobedience
movement was finally called off as it had gradually lost its
momentum.

ACTIVITY-1

THINK PAIR SHARE

Using the Mind Meister online App compare the Non Cooperation
Movement with the Civil Disobedience Movement .

SUB TOPIC SUMMARY – A QUICK RECAPITULATION

ASSIGNMENT

Q1. Examine the reasons why CR Das and Moti Lal Nehru formed the Swaraj
Party

Q2. Highlight any two reasons why Indians boycotted the Simon Commission

Q3. State the significance of the Lahore session of the INC in 1929.

Q4. Why did Gandhi choose salt as a symbol of his second mass movement

Q.5.Examine the significance of the Salt Satyagraha

 BAL BHARATI PUBLIC SCHOOL, PITAMPURA, DELHI – 110034
CLASS X
HISTORY
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
Dear Students,
This is the last E Lesson Plan of the chapter Nationalism in India.
WEEK – 19-4-21 – 23-4-21
No of Blocks -2
SUB TOPICS:
 How Participants saw the Movement
 The Limits of Civil Disobedience
 The Sense of Collective Belonging

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Each student will be able to
 Enlist and explain the participation of diverse social groups in the Civil
Disobedience
 Movement
 Examine the drawbacks/limits of the Civil Disobedience movement
 Analyse the importance of songs, images, symbols, icons folklore & History in
creating a sense of collective belonging among the Indian masses.
 On the political map of India locate and mark the important sessions of the INC
.
INSTRUCTIONAL TOOLS
Concept Maps
YOU TUBE VIDEOS
 https://youtu.be/KieifbkuhFE
E-TEXT BOOK
 http://www.ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/jess301.pdf ONLINE TOOLS Quizziz.com
ONLINE APPS
 Mind Meister online App.
 Extra Marks Modules

Please do the Assignment given at the end of this E Lesson in your History/Political
Science Note books

INTRODUCTION ACTIVITY
PRE- KNOWLEDGE TESTING
Q1Enlist the aims of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Q2. Examine the reasons why the Civil Disobedience movement was withdrawn in
1931 & 1934?

Revision /Page 1
BRAIN STORMING
Q1. Do you think Gandhi was justified in choosing salt as the theme of his second mass
movement?
Q2. Did all the social groups participate in the civil Disobedience Movement?

LESSON DEVELOPMENT

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT

THE RICH PEASANTS

 The rich peasant communities in the countryside such as the Patidars of Gujarat and
the Jats of Uttar Pradesh were active in organizing their communities and sometimes
forcing reluctant members to participate in the programmes. A drastic fall in prices
and the impact of trade depression led to a fall in cash income for these communities.
The problems further increased with the government's refusal of lowering down
revenue demands. Overall, for them, the struggle for Swaraj was the fight against
high revenues.

THE POOR PEASANTS

 The poor peasantry was another group that participated in a variety of radical
movements led by socialists and communists ranging from reduction in revenue
demand to the cancellation of the unpaid rent to the landlord. As the trade depression
continued and cash income dropped, they also faced problems relating to the
payment of rent to the landlords.

THE BUSINESS CLASSES /RICH INDUSTRIALISTS

 The business classes participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement reacted
against the colonial policies that restricted business activities. Their demands ranging
from protection against imports of foreign goods to a rupee-sterling exchange ratio
resulted in the formation of Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress (1920) and
the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (1927), led by
prominent industrialists like Purshottamdas Thakurdas and G.D. Birla. Giving
financial assistance and refusing to buy and sell imported goods, they saw the
movement as an opportunity for the trade and industry to flourish away from colonial
constraints.

Revision /Page 2
THE INDUSTRIAL WORKING CLASS

 The participation of the industrial working class was overall minimal, except the
Nagpur region. Thousands of workers in the Chota Nagpur tin mines wore Gandhian
caps and participated in rallies and boycott campaigns. Movements against foreign
goods, low wages, and poor working conditions were held. The railway workers and
dock workers also organized strikes in 1930 and 1932 respectively.
WOMEN
 Women participants, as part of the civil disobedience, were in large no.'s. In urban
areas, women usually came from high caste families and in rural areas, they were
from rich peasant households. During the salt march, thousands of women listened to
Gandhiji and took part in protests, manufactured salt and picketed foreign cloth and
liquor shops. They increasingly saw their service towards nation as a sacred duty.

DRAW BACKS / LIMITS OF THE CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT

NO PARTICIPATION OF THE DALITS

 For a long time, The Congress had ignored the Dalits. This was so because they were
afraid of offending the Santanis. [High Caste Conservative Hindu's.]
 Due to this ignorance, Dalit leaders began organizing themselves. Dr B.R Ambedkar
and many other Dalits demanded reserved seats in educational institutions and a
separate electorate that would choose Dalit members for legislative councils.

POONA PACT
Dr B.R. Ambedkar, who organised the dalits into the Depressed Classes Association
in 1930, clashed with Mahatma Gandhi at the second Round Table Conference by
demanding separate electorates for dalits. When the British government conceded
Ambedkar’s demand, Gandhiji began a fast unto death. He believed that separate
electorates for dalits would slow down the process of their integration into society.
Ambedkar ultimately accepted Gandhiji’s position and the result was the Poona
Pact of September 1932.
It gave the Depressed Classes (later to be known as the Schedule Castes) reserved
seats in provincial and central legislative councils, but they were to be voted in by
the general electorate. The dalit movement, however, continued to be apprehensive
of the Congress-led national movement.

LUKE WARM PARTICIPATION OF THE MUSLIMS

 From the mid-1920s, the Congress came to be more visibly associated with the
openly Hindu Religious nationalist groups like the Hindu Mahasabha.

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  After the Decline of the Non-Cooperation Khilafat movement, a large section of the
Muslims felt alienated from the Congress.
 As relations between the Hindu's and Muslims worsened, each community organized
religious processions with militant fervour. This provoked Hindu-Muslim communal
clashes and riots in various cities.
 Because of discontent among various religious and working groups, The Civil
Disobedience movement didn’t succeed and created an atmosphere of distrust
between different communities.

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING

A spirit and feeling of nationalism arises only when people realize that they belong to one
nation.

1.UNITED STRUGGLE
 This sense of collective belonging came partly through the experience of united
struggles eg the mass participation of the people in the Non Co-operation Movement
and the Civil Disobedience Movement.

2. IMAGES
 The identity of India came to be visually associated with the image of Bharat Mata. It
was created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. In 1870s, he wrote Vande Mataram.

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  Abanindranath Tagore painted his famous image of Bharat Mata. In his painting, she
is seen as a ascetic figure and is calm, composed, divine, and spiritual. Devotion to
this mother figure was seen as an evidence of one's nationalism.

3. INDIAN FOLKLORE
 In the late nineteenth century of India, nationalists started recording folk tales, folk
songs and legends.
 In Bengal, Rabindranath Tagore himself began collecting ballads, nursery rhymes
and myths.
 In Madras, Natesa Sastri published a massive four volume collection of Tamil folk
tales, The Folklore of Southern India.
4. ICONS AND SYMBOLS
 During the swadeshi movement in Bengal, a tricolour flag (red, green and yellow)
was designed. It had eight lotuses representing eight provinces of British India, and a
crescent moon, representing Hindus and Muslims.
 It was again a tricolour (red, green and white) and had a spinning wheel in the centre,
representing Gandhian ideal of self-help.
5. REINTERPRETATION OF HISTORY
 By the end of the nineteenth century many Indians began to feel to instil a sense of
pride in the nation.
 Many writers wrote about the glorious developments in ancient times when art and
architecture, science and mathematics, religion, etc had flourished.

CHAPTER SUMMARY – TIME LINE OF IMPORTANT EVENTS

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MAP - SKILL

MAP I
IMPORTANT SESSIONS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
SEPTEMBER -1920- CALCUTTA
DECEMBER -1920-NAGPUR
1927 - MADRAS

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MAP- 2

EARLY SATYAGRAHAS OF GANDHI JI

 CHAMPARAN – BIHAR
 KHEDA- GUJRAT
 AHMEDABAD – GUJRAT

IMPORTANT PLACES ASSOCIATED WITH THE NATIONAL MOVEMENT

 AMRITSAR – JALLIANWALAN BAGH MASSACRE

 CHAURI CHAURA – UP- CALLING OFF THE CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT
 DANDI – THE PLACE WHERE GANDHI BROKE THE SALT LAW

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ASSIGNMENT

Q1. Analyse the significance of the Civil Disobedience Movement in the freedom
Struggle of India.

Q2. How did different social groups/ classes participate differently in the Civil
Disobedience Movement.

Q3. Evaluate the attitude of the Indian merchants and industrialists towards the
Civil Disobedience Movement.
Q4. “Dalit participation was limited in the Civil Disobedience movement”
Examine the statement.
Q5.” The nationalist movement spread when people belonging to different regions
and communities began to develop a sense of collective belongingness “Justify

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Revision /Page 9