1 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES Procedures and Formulae

FUNDAMENTAL ASSUMPTIONS & FLEXURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BEAMS

SHEAR IN REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS

Table ACI provisions for shear design.

V V
Region V ≤∅ ∅ < V ≤ ∅V ∅V ≤ V
2 2
V − ∅V
= ≤ 0.66 f ′b d
V None None ∅
Else, change beam dimensions.
A f d
S None None =
V
A f
minimum (
S 0.062 f ’b A f A f
None minimum ( or )
(9.6.3.3) A f 0.062 f ’b 0.35b
or )
0.35b
V ≤ 0.33 f ′b d
d
S Minimum or 600mm
d 2
None Minimum or 600mm
(9.7.6.2.2) 2 V > 0.33 f ′b d
d
Minimum or 300mm
4
S ,
S , Minimum
S None Minimum S ,S
S

UNIVERSITY OF BAGHDAD/ COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING/ CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT/ THIRD YEAR COURSE/ 2022-2023
PROF. DR. ABDULMUTTALIB I. SAID ALMUSAWI
2 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES Procedures and Formulae
FUNDAMENTAL ASSUMPTIONS & FLEXURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BEAMS

 Notes on 𝐴 :
According to Article 9.6.3.1, for cases presented in Table above, 𝐴 is not
required even with ∅ < V ≤ ∅V :
Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-1: Cases where 𝑨𝒗 𝐦𝐢𝐧 is not required
if 𝟎. 𝟓𝝓𝑽𝒄 < 𝑽𝒖 ≤ 𝝓𝑽𝒄, Table 9.6.3.1 of ACI CODE

V ≤ ∅V . 𝜙, for shear is 0.75

𝑉 = 𝑉 + 𝑉 or, V ≤ V = ∅(V + V )

V = 0.17λ f b d
π∅
A = area of shear reinforcement = × No. of Legs
4

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN FOR TORSION

Designing a reinforced concrete flexural member for torsion involves a series of steps. The
following sequence ensures that each is covered:

 Compute 𝑉 and 𝑇 . When pertinent conditions are satisfied, 𝑉 and 𝑇 can be determined at
distance 𝑑 from face of support.
 Determine if the factored torque is less than:
𝐴
𝜙𝑇 = 𝜙0.083𝜆 𝑓 ′
𝑝
If so, torsion may be neglected. If not, proceed with the design. Note that in this step,
portions of over-hanging flanges, as defined in below, must be included in the calculation of
𝐴 and 𝑝 .

UNIVERSITY OF BAGHDAD/ COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING/ CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT/ THIRD YEAR COURSE/ 2022-2023
PROF. DR. ABDULMUTTALIB I. SAID ALMUSAWI
3 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES Procedures and Formulae
FUNDAMENTAL ASSUMPTIONS & FLEXURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BEAMS

Error! Reference source not found.

 If the torsion is compatibility torsion, rather than equilibrium torsion, as described
above, the maximum factored torque may be reduced to:
𝐴
𝜙0.33𝜆 𝑓 ′
𝑝
Equilibrium torsion cannot be adjusted.
 Check the shear stresses in the section under combined torsion and shear, using the
following criteria:
o For hollow sections:
𝑉 𝑇𝑝 𝑉
+ ≤𝜙 + 0.66 𝑓 ′
𝑏 𝑑 1.7𝐴 𝑏 𝑑
o For solid sections:

𝑉 𝑇𝑝 𝑉
+ ≤𝜙 + 0.66 𝑓 ′
𝑏 𝑑 1.7𝐴 𝑏 𝑑
 Calculate the required transverse reinforcement for torsion using following relation:
𝑇𝑠
𝐴 =
2𝜙𝐴 𝑓 cot 𝜃

Combine 𝐴 and 𝐴 using following relation:

𝐴 𝐴 𝐴
= +2
𝑠 𝑠 𝑆
 Check that the minimum transverse reinforcement requirements are met for both
torsion and shear. These include:
o The maximum spacing:
𝑝
𝑠 = 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑟 300𝑚𝑚
8
o The minimum area:
𝑏 𝑠 𝑏 𝑠
𝐴 + 2𝐴 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 0.062 𝑓 ′ , 0.35
𝑓 𝑓
solve for s
UNIVERSITY OF BAGHDAD/ COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING/ CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT/ THIRD YEAR COURSE/ 2022-2023
PROF. DR. ABDULMUTTALIB I. SAID ALMUSAWI
4 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES Procedures and Formulae
FUNDAMENTAL ASSUMPTIONS & FLEXURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BEAMS

(A + 2A )f (A + 2A )f
s = minimum ,
0.062 f ’b 0.35b
 Calculate the required longitudinal torsional reinforcement 𝐴ℓ , using the following
relation:
𝐴 𝑓
𝐴 = 𝑝 cot 𝜃
𝑠 𝑓
then comparing with 𝐴 given by:
𝐴 𝐴 𝑓
0.42 𝑓 ′ − 𝑝 ,
⎛ 𝑓 𝑠 𝑓 ⎞
𝐴 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 ⎜
𝐴 0.175𝑏 𝑓 ⎟
0.42 𝑓 ′ − 𝑝
⎝ 𝑓 𝑓 𝑓 ⎠

 Details for Torsional Longitudinal Bars:

According to ACI Code 9.7.5,
o The spacing of the longitudinal bars should not exceed 300mm,
o They should be distributed around the perimeter of the cross section to control
cracking and to ensure that the centroid of the additional longitudinal reinforcement
for torsion should approximately coincide with the centroid of the section.
o The bars shall have a diameter at least 0.042 times the transverse reinforcement
spacing, but not less than 10 mm.
o At least one longitudinal bar must be placed at each corner of the stirrups.
o Careful attention must be paid to the anchorage of longitudinal torsional
reinforcement so that it is able to develop its yield strength at the face of the
supporting columns, where torsional moments are often maximum.
According to ACI Code 9.7.6.3, torsional reinforcement must be provided at least a
distance (bt + d) beyond the point theoretically required, where bt is the width of that part
of the cross section containing the closed stirrups resisting torsion. According to the
provisions of the ACI Code, the point at which the torsional reinforcement is no longer
required is the point at which T u < ϕ T th , where T th is the threshold torque given in
𝐴
𝜙𝑇 = 𝜙0.083𝜆 𝑓 ′
𝑝

UNIVERSITY OF BAGHDAD/ COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING/ CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT/ THIRD YEAR COURSE/ 2022-2023
PROF. DR. ABDULMUTTALIB I. SAID ALMUSAWI