Rushel Bintang Ashaffi (2021150029)

Research Methods (Research Process & Design)

Session 3

Research Process

The research process is a set of systematic methods that a researcher must follow in order to
develop knowledge that will be valued by the project and focus on the relevant issue. In this
case, the research process can be divided into 8 stages:

1. Selection of Topic  This is a very important stage, as an inappropriate topic or

question will often cause difficulties later on, so you should deal with this stage
carefully. It is unlikely that you will develop a final question and set of objectives at
this stage in the research process, and subsequent stages are important to develop and
assess your question more carefully.
2. Reviewing the Literature  The literature review is vital since it involves critically
reading, assessing, and organizing existing literature on the topic in order to assess the
level of knowledge in the field. Reading broadly can help you discover additional
useful elements, such as whether similar research has been undertaken, what types of
findings to expect, or provide an overview of past theoretical frameworks and
procedures utilized by others undertaking similar research.
3. Development of Theoretical and Conceptual Framework  This is a stage that is
often overlooked when you are collecting data, but it is also an important part of the
research process and serves to alert you to potential problems before they arise. Your
theoretical framework is the theoretical approach that underpins your research.
4. Clarification of the Research Question  Once you have developed a good, focused
research question, --which requires perseverance, then a large part of the research
process is based on answering that specific question. The importance of developing
clearly focused questions and setting research objectives at this stage cannot be
overlooked, a common mistake is a lack of clarity regarding the overall research
objectives, without which it is difficult to maintain a common thread.
5. Research Design  The research design determines how the research data will be
gathered. Depending on the study objectives, one or more research methods, such as
 experiments, surveys, interviews, and so on, are used; in some research situations,
surveys may be appropriate. In some research circumstances, a survey might be
appropriate, depending on the goal of the research. Interviews, case studies, or
observations may be more suited in other cases.
6. Data Collection  You should have a good idea of what you want to acquire and how
you want to collect it. You should think about the methodology that will be employed
and the procedures that will be used to implement that methodology.
7. Data Analysis  Methods for data analysis should always be linked to the study
objectives, i.e., your analyses should answer the research questions or hypotheses. In
discussing your findings, make reference to the literature examined in stage 2; for
example, how do the findings support the literature? Do the findings corroborate the
literature? Etc.
8. Drawing Conclusion  The solution to the research question should be
communicated explicitly here. You can assess how successful you were in reaching
the research objectives and identify the research's strengths and limitations.

Research Design: Elements and Types

Elements:

1. Accurate purpose statement

2. Techniques to be implemented for collecting and analyzing research
3. The method applied for analyzing collected details
4. Type of research methodology
5. Probable objections to research
6. Settings for the research study
7. Timeline
8. Measurement of analysis

Types:

- Qualitative Research  It uses mathematical computations to determine links

between acquired data and observations. Statistical approaches can be used to prove
or invalidate beliefs about natural phenomena. Researchers use qualitative research
 methodologies to determine "why" a specific theory exists and "what" respondents
think about it.
- Quantitative Research  It is used in situations where statistical conclusions are
required to collect actionable insights. Numbers provide a more objective viewpoint
for making key business decisions. Quantitative research methodologies are required
for any organization's progress. When making future business decisions, insights
obtained from complex numerical data and analysis show to be quite beneficial.

References

Awal, A. (2019). 7 Steps Research Process Outline to Conduct a Research.

https://www.campuscareerclub.com/research-process-outline/

Bhat, A. (No Year). Research Design: What it is, Elements & Types.
https://www.questionpro.com/blog/research-design/

Pawar, N. (2020). Type of Research and Type Research Design. Chaudhary Bansi Lal
University, pp. 46-57, ISBN-13 (15) 978-81-948755-8-1, Bhiwani, Haryanam India.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352055750_6_Type_of_Research_and_Type_Resea
rch_Design