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The Cybersecurity Conflict that unfolded between 2021 and 2022 marked a
significant turning point in warfare, as it primarily involved digital battles between
nations. State-sponsored hacking groups from various countries engaged in
extensive cyberattacks, targeting critical infrastructure, government institutions, and
private organizations. The conflict revealed the vulnerability of nations' digital
networks and the potential for devastating consequences in the digital realm.
Both offensive and defensive tactics were employed during the conflict. State-
sponsored hackers used sophisticated techniques to infiltrate and compromise
computer systems, aiming to disrupt operations, gather intelligence, or cause
economic damage. Governments and organizations, in response, bolstered their
cybersecurity defenses, implementing robust measures to detect and counter cyber
threats.
The conflict also sparked debates on the role of offensive cyber capabilities and the
ethics of digital warfare. Countries grappled with questions regarding the
appropriate use of cyber weapons, rules of engagement, and the potential for
unintended escalation. Discussions on cyber deterrence and the attribution of
cyberattacks gained prominence, as nations sought to hold malicious actors
accountable for their actions.