COVID19 疫苗機轉及副作用

一、 現有 COVID19 疫苗種類[1]

佐劑 高端
二、 COVID 病毒[1]

(A) The schematic structure of the spike (S) protein.

(B) The spike (S) protein binds to the receptor ACE2.
(C) The binding and virus-cell fusion process mediated by the spike (S) protein.
(D) The life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 in host cells.
三、 疫苗作用機制[3][4]
四、 疫苗與 GBS 的關係[1]
 A potential association between the adenovirus vector vaccines
(Ad26.COV2.S [Janssen/Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine] and
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 [AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine]) and
Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is being investigated, but a causal
relationship has not been established.
 A similar signal has not been observed with the mRNA COVID-19
vaccines.

A. Ad26.COV2.S [Janssen/Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine]

1. higher incidence of GBS following Ad26.COV2.S compared with
other vaccines
2. The median age was 59 years. (interquartile range [IQR] 46 to 68)
3. the median time from Ad26.COV2.S receipt and GBS was 10 days
(IQR 5 to 17).
B. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 [AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine]
1. an excess number of GBS cases following ChAdOx1
nCoV-19/AZD1222 vaccination.
2. Other scattered reports have also described GBS, including variant
GBS with bilateral facial weakness, following ChAdOx1
nCoV-19/AZD1222 vaccination.
 C.  疫苗致 GBS 機轉：[2]

五、 COVID 疫苗副作用及不良反應[1]
A. Common local and systemic reactions 
1. pain at the injection site
2. ipsilateral axillary lymph node enlargement
3. fever, fatigue, and headache
B. Syncope (15~30 minutes after)
C. Rare adverse events
1. anaphylaxis and myocarditis (mRNA)
2. thrombocytopenia and Guillain-Barre syndrome
(Ad26.COV2.S /AZD1222)

六、 REFERENCE:
1. Authors:Kathryn M Edwards, MDWalter A Orenstein,
MDH[COVID-19: Vaccines]. Post TW, ed. UpToDate. Waltham,
MA: UpToDate Inc. http://www.uptodate.com. Accessed Apr 14,
2023.
2. Zafran Khan, Ubaid Ahmad, Daniya Ualiyeva, Obed Boadi
Amissah, Asaf Khan, Zohaib Noor, Nasib Zaman,Guillain-Barre
syndrome: An autoimmune disorder post-COVID-19
vaccination?,Clinical Immunology Communications,Volume
 2,2022,Pages 1-5,ISSN 2772-6134
3. Updates on the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine and
consideration in children Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(7):328-338.
Published online June 21, 2021
4. Teijaro, J.R., Farber, D.L. COVID-19 vaccines: modes of immune
activation and future challenges. Nat Rev Immunol 21, 195–197
(2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-021-00526-x