LATHE MACHINE AND

ITS OPERATIONS

SUBMITTED BY – RUBEN MASIH

CLASS ROLL NO. - 25771
LATHE MACHINE AND ITS
OPERATIONS

A lathe is a machine tool that rotates a workpiece

about an axis of rotation to perform various
operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling,
drilling, deformation, facing, and turning, with tools
that are applied to the workpiece to create an
object with symmetry about that axis.

Operations performed on the

Centre Lathe Machine

 Turning – {Straight &Taper} Turning

 Facing
 Parting off
 Chamfering
 Knurling
 Grooving
 Thread Cutting
 Drilling
 Reaming
 Boring
1. TURNING OPERATION

 Machine length of job to reduce diameter of

Job.
 Cutting Tool: Turning Tool.
 Feed: In direction parallel to work piece axis.
 Depth of Cut: In direction perpendicular to
work- piece axis.
2. FACING OPERATION

 In this operation a flat surface is produced at

the either end of the work piece. Thus, by
facing operation the length of the work piece
gets reduced.
 The tool used for this operation is known as
Facing Tool or regular Turning Tool, which is
clamped in the tool post. The tool moves
crosswise perpendicular to the centre line of
the lathe machine with the help of Cross Slide.
The feed rate is provided to the tool with the
help of Carriage. During this operation the
work piece may be rotated at higher speeds.
3. PARTING OFF /
CUTOFFOPERATION

 In this operation, specific part of the work

piece is removed (detached) from the total
length of the work piece.
 The tool used for this operation is known as
Parting Off Tool. The tool moves specific
lengthwise which is parallel to the centre line
of the lathe machine with the help of Carriage.
The feed rate is provided with the help of
Cross Slide. During this operation the work
piece is rotated at lower speed.
4. CHAMFERING OPERATION

 Basic of this operation is to remove sharp

edges on the work piece by required angle.
 The tool used for this operation is known as
Chamfering Tool and having the tip angle of
45o or 60o. The tool moves specific
lengthwise which is parallel to the centre line
of the lathe machine with the help of Carriage.
The feed rate is provided with the help of
Cross Slide. During this operation the work
piece may be rotated at higher speeds.
5. KNURLING OPERATION

 In this operation, diamond shape pattern is

embossed over the surface of the work piece.
 Knurling is useful to grip the work piece or the
part of the work piece firmly. The tool used for
this operation is known as Knurling Tool, which
consists of set of hardened steel rollers. The
tool moves specific lengthwise which is
parallel to the centre line of the lathe machine
with the help of Carriage. The feed rate is
provided with the help of Cross Slide. During
this operation the work piece is rotated at
lower speed.
6. GROOVING OPERATION

 In this operation, the diameter of the work

piece is reduced over a small narrow surface
for particular length of the work piece.
 The tool used for this operation is known as
Grooving Tool. The tool moves specific
lengthwise which is parallel to the centre line
of the lathe machine with the help of Carriage.
The feed rate is provided with the help of
Cross Slide. During this operation the work
piece is rotated at lower speed.
7. THREAD CUTTING
OPERATION

 In this operation, helical grooves are produced

over the cylindrical surface of the work piece.
 For thread cutting operation definite
relationship between the rotation of the
workpiece in the Spindle and longitudinal
travel of the Carriage is required. This is done
with the help of engagement of the lead screw.
After engagement of lead screw, the whole
Carriage unit moves forwards (from tailstock
towards headstock) and backwards (from
headstock towards tailstock) by controlling the
levers that are provided on the apron unit. The
tool moves specific lengthwise which is
parallel to the centre line of the lathe machine.
The feed rate is provided with the help of
Cross Slide. During this operation the work
piece is rotated at very lower speed.
8. DRILLING OPERATIO

 In this operation, a cylindrical hole is produced

in a work piece, by cutting edge of a cutter
known as the drill.
 The drill bit is fitted into the barrel of the
tailstock (drill is stationary). First the drill is
bringing in contact to the work piece. In this
position the tailstock is locked on to the bed
with the help of lever provided on the tailstock,
so as to avoid the backward movement of the
tailstock. Before drilling operation, centre is
marked on the either face of the work piece
with the help of centre drill. This is required so
as to avoid the eccentricity or taper of the hole
into the work piece. During the operation the
drill moves in longitudinal direction which is
parallel to the centre line of the lathe machine.
During this operation the work piece is rotated
at lower speed.
9. BORING OPERATION

 In this operation, the hole is enlarged, which

has been produced previously by drilling,
casting or forging.
 Boring cannot originate a hole like drilling.
Boring is used to correct error in concentricity
and alignment in the previously drilled hole.
The operation of boring is same as drilling
operation.
10. REAMING OPERATION

 It provides sizing and finishing to the already

drilled hole.
 Operation of tool and movement of tool is
same like drilling operation. The tool used for
reaming operation is known as reamer, which
has multiple cutting edges.
 Reamer cannot originate a hole. It simply
follows the path which has been previously
drilled and removes a very small amount of
material.
 11. Contour Turning

A typical shape / curve is by

using a single point tool.

12. Form Turning

The shape of the tool is
replicated on the workpiece.

DRILLING BORING

Form