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 CHERRIES FOR MY GRANDMA

Summary:
In this chapter "Cherries for Grandma", Geoffrey Canada talked about
the sacrifice of his mother and grandmother when he was growing up.
Even though he and his brothers didn't realize their sacrifice when they
were small, they only later understand the real lesson of poverty Canada
says that in the welfare house he learned the lesson that it is very difficult
to com out from poverty. His mother sacrifices all her life and happiness
for him. He said that he hated as being poor. They don't have money to
buy a new shoe when it was tore. American people say poverty comes
due to the lack of values and determination. Through his mother and
grandmother were hard-working and moral people, still they were poor.

He told his experience and the impression of his

grandmother on him. He loved his grandmother more when he was at
school. She used to work very hard but she couldn't buy the things of
luxury. His grandmother used to like cherries very much. So in the
summer season, he used to go to the supermarket to buy some cherries
they used to eat them secretly while he was in the college, he hoped to
give a created of cherries to his grandmother from the first cheque of his
job. But she died when he was in find year he couldn't fulfill his dream
and hoped he would give her the gift in the heaven.
 Stopping by words on a snow evening
Theme:
- Our senses lured towards the physical beauty & we forget our
duty.
- We should not forget our responsibility being charmed towards
physical beauty.
- We should do something before we die.
The poet is going somewhere at a snowy evening by riding on
his horse back. When he saw the beauty of the forest he stops
there. Later his horse made him to remember his destination
and he moves a head.
"And miles to go before a head"

• Literal Comprehension:-
Robert frost is a very famous modern American poet. His
poems are very simple in language but with deep meaning. In
this short poem, frost has presented the idea about physical
beauty and responsibilities.

The speaker is going to his house at evening by guiding on

his horse back. It was a snowing evening. He was much
attractive towards the beauty of the forest because it was
covered with white snow. He forget his destination and he
looked the beauty of forest and the lake which were frozen. He
says that the owner of the forest couldn't see him stopping
there because his house was a way in a village. There was no
farm house near there and the horse felt uneasy because it as
a late evening and it was too cold. So the horse shook its head
 and rang the bell. The poet realize that he has to go. Then he
say, through the forest is too much beautiful, but he was to go.
He has to go miles away to get to sleep at his house.

• Interpretation:-
The poet wants to say that our senses lured to us to the physical
beauty and we forget our duty but we shouldn't our duty
responsibility being attracted to us the enjoyment we have to
do something before die. In this poem the snowing forest
attracted the poet and he forget his destination but later he
realized it and moved a head. So we should control over senses.

• Critical Thinking:-
This poem has a deep philosophy meaning of our life. The last
two lines of this poem "And miles to go before I sleep" (X2) has
its whole them. Here 'Sleep' means "Death" and "Miles to go"
means our long journey of life. So, this poem tells us that we
should do many things before we die. But, this poem tells us we
should not be in the control of our senses. It is true that nobody
could forget the reality for a dream or enjoyment.
• Assimilation:-
This poem was the favorite poem of Pandit Nehru. When he
used to be in any problem he used to read two last line, "And
miles to go before I sleep". I also get encouragement when I
read those line to do something in life. It is true that our senses
attracted towards physical beauty. When I like to read I couldn't
because I like to sleep. But I shouldn't forget my responsibility
or work.
 "You Have Got Inappropriate Mail"

Who is spying on you?

Workplace privacy.
Write an advantages and disadvantages essay.

➢ "You Have Got Inappropriate Mail"

1) Summary:
This article is about now some companies are monitoring employees
emails. Mr. Quinn, the system manager of the Ritvak Toy Company had
adopted the technique to monitor over the computers of very employees
by adding a system on their computers he could real all their mails in his
own office. From that he could find out who was working obediently in
the office. When the employer watched over the others work place
privacy. It becomes an ethical issue. Form the side of the company it was
good because nobody could kill the time and could do private work in
the office. But from the side of personal freedom, it was bad because
every people has the right of privacy to use his creative mind, he should
be free.

2. Match the following with the best reason.

1. Words like "Confidential" = Company secrets may be revealed
deliberately or not.
2. The subject lines with Fwd(Forward) or Re (About) appearing several
time in one message = These are likely to be forwarded jokes or back-
and-forth message.
3. Numerous message sent in one day be a single employ to people
outside =They suggest the sender is goofing off instead of working.
4. Headline with the phrase like 'Job Hunt','Resume'= These indicate an
employee is getting ready to leave the company.
5. Message with attachment over a MB in size = They overload network
slow computer and may crash the system.
6. Racial insult or words like "SEX" or "BABE" = OF color jokes ethnic
jokes can be reasons for lawsuits.

3. Vocabulary in Context.
• Installed => Put in
• Surveillance => Super vision
• Invasion => Violation
• Enables => Make it possible for
• Monitor => observe on a regular basis
• Mixed emotion => confused feelings
• Snooping on => Secretly watching
• Dissuade them from => persuade them against.
• On the lookout for => Searching for
• Routine => regular
• Sexual harassment => mistreatment of or discrimination against
because of Gender
• Prohibits => forbids
• Jeopardize => risk losing
 PANDORA'S BOX
Q.1 What is Pandora's Box?

➢ Pandora's Box is a Greek myth. A mythical characters named Pandora

was given a box by the God and told her not to open it, but just to guard
it before that time people in the earth were happy, nobody had to be old
and sick. No one had to dies there were no problems at all. Pandora was
much curious to see in the box because she thought why the God told
her not to open she couldn't control her curiously and thought it might
be full of gold, diamond etc. When she opened box it was the box of evil
things all the problems, diseases, death came out form the box and we
all people are facing the problems because of her curiously.

Q.2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of human cloning?

➢ Advantages of Cloning:
1. It would be the good news for sterile parents. They could have their own
biological child.
2. It would be very helpful for the treatment of dangerous diseases like
cancer.
3. It would be helpful to recreate those animals which are in the threat of
extinction.
4. It would be helpful to stock he genetic disease from cloning.
5. It would be helpful to create a perfect body as we like.
➢ Disadvantages:
1. The diversity of human being will be no more all the people will have
similar face and skill.
2. The value of family and marriage like institutions will be no more.
3. There will be more love and compassion between children and parents.
4. The population will be out of control.
5. There would be legal and moral problem of the cloning generation.
6. No one knows what will be the situation of the world from cloned
generations.
A malformed baby could be born if there would be a minor mistake.
 MARRIAGE IS A PRIVATE AFFAIR
Literal Comprehension:
In this story the famous Nigerian writer Achebe presents about the marriage tradition
of Ibo tribe in which marriage is not a private affair. Parents decided the marriage of
their son and daughter.
Nnameka, A boy from Ibo culture went to do logos town for his study
where he met a Christian girl Nene. They both were in love but Nene didn't know
about his orthodox Ibo tradition about marriage. In Ibo culture, parents decided the
marriage and it should not be outside form heir culture Nene was surprised when she
heard it his father would be furious when Nenemeka went to his house but his father
Okeke had arranged a girl from Ibo culture of his marriage. Nenemeka denied to get
married with girl and informed that he was engaged with a Christian teacher it made
his father too furious and him become silent in his anger. Nenemeka left his house,
went to logos and got married with Nene. They happy life in the town but his father
didn't like to listen at all about them. When they sent their marriage photos he denied
accepting. After some years, they had babies and once Nene wrote letter to okeke
that his grandchildren liked to see his face. Okeke also throughout it was the time to
play with grandchildren as his friends. He felt that he would die before to see his
grandchildren. It was started to rain, Okeke felt that his grandchildren would wet in
the room. This shows that he would call them to his house back.

• Interpretation:
This story tells us marriage should be a private affair. IT also shows that us should
not stick towards our tradition and culture because if we couldn't change our tradition
according to the time, we can't get happiness. Here, Okeke couldn't change his
traditional attitude of Ibo culture and he gave trouble to others and he also got pain
him self. So we should keep borders prospective and we should learn to accept the
change. At last Okeke also had to accept the change.
• Critical Thinking:
This story presents the tradition of Ibo culture of Nigeria. There are some issues
which we can't accept easily. How could be a father so rude towards his son? How
could he forget him? All parents love their children. At the end also, Okeke could
have accepted them for his own need because he was going to be old and he needed
the economic support.

• Assimilation:
This story reminded me the Nepalese arrange marriage tradition. IN Nepal also,
parents didn't like to accept the marriage outside from their caste and culture. Parents
decide for the marriage of their son and daughter love marriage is not taken as
positively. Parents seem to accept. The love marriage of their son and daughter
though they become angry for some months or years.
 THE GOOD EXAMPLE
Literal Comprehension:
Placio was a Mexican freedom fighter political prisoner's gendered, state
governor and no velist. This story is a satire over the educational system
of 9th century Mexico.
In one of the Mexican village, there was a school run by Don
Lucas. He was much loved and respected by all his neighbors. In that
school the traditional education system was applied student use to chant
and crud voice and the villagers were the happy because they use to hear
the sound of there children if a student chant loudly, he would be the
best Don Lucas has kept a parrot named 'perico'. He use to teach his
parrot and he used to share his feeling to they both could understand
each other's feeling after the children went to back to their house at
evening he used to talk with police on day perico left him went into the
forest the parrot didn't come back again on day Don Lucas was going
some where through forest he heard the educational reading in the
forest. He was surprised when the he saw his perico was the teachers it
had collected other parrots on a branch of a tree perico told to lucas that
it had also the similar school like Don Lucas.

• Interpretation:
This story is a satire over the role learning or the memory based
education system the writer tells us if educational means to memorize
the words even a parrot could open a school it tells us that education
should mans use creating and critical its shouldn't make us like a parrot
just to memorize all the things.

• Critical Thinking:
There are many unacceptable issues in this story it is said that perico and
Lucas could understand each other's feeling. But, it is impossible
 because how could the parrot be so creative? To undertand feeling? Why
the parrot left Don Lucas? How could perico wild parrots because it was
brought with a man? Here perico is also presented much creative to open
a school.

• Assimilation:
This short story simple and very interesting story reminded me the
boarding schools of in Nepali students are made to memories all answer
with comma and full stop. They are made to memories all the subjects
even mathematics with the fear of punished so, they are just being like a
"Parrot" because they don't have any creativity.
 THE WRETCHED STONE
Theme:
 This symbolic story is about the disadvantages of television.
 TV makes our mind dull, we lost our critical mind. So, if we didn’t have
critical and creative mind, we are not better than the ape without tail.

• Literal Comprehension:
In this story metaphorical story Van Allsburg presents the
disadvantages of TV in human life. Here the wretched stone means the
TV set symbolically.
On 8th may the captain Randall than started his voyage
with the crews on Rita Ann. They were happily moving ahead because
the crews used to read stories, sing songs, tells the story to pass their
free time. They reached at on Island but it was not on his map. They
stopped there and they found fruit less trees and the clean water was
too bitter to drink. They felt bad smell on the Island. They got a stone
which was shinning from one side but though on the another side. They
were attracted with the stone and brought it on the ship. After the day,
the crews left the captain and they locked themselves in a room to
watch the stone. They forget to read books and told stories. They just
watched the stone all the time. Once there was the storm in the sea, he
captain needed help to save the ship, but they crew didn't come out.
The captain went into their and they have also tail. They couldn't
understand what the captain said. The captain though it was the
wretched stone that made them apes. So, he threw the stone into the
sea and the apes started to weep. The captain read books and told
stories to them gradually, hey turned into human being. The ship was
also saved.

• Interpretation:
 The metaphorically story tells us about the bad aspect of TV makes us
lazy and less critical. Before the invention of TV, people used to read
and write book, but when the TV was invented, people left to read and
write. They pass their time by watching TV if they have free time. So, if
people are nit critical and creative, they are not better than apes.

• Assimilation:
This story truly presents the impact of TV on children. Children don't
like to read and write when they get to watch TV. They just want to
watch the useless things like cartoons, sometimes my mother forgets to
take over the milk from the oven when she starts to watch Indian
serials. It shows that TV is a kind of addiction and it makes us lazy.
 A PAINFUL CASE
Theme:
 This Psychological story tells us about the importance of love in human
life. If a person is hated from everybody, he couldn't be alive.
 Love is the soul purpose of life, if a person is neglected, he resorts to drink
and dies.
 Idealism doesn't give us happiness we should learn to live in reality.

• Characters:
 Mr. James Duffy
 Mrs. Simico

• Summary:
In this psychological story, James Joyce tries to present the importance
of love in human life. If a person doesn't get love he/she starts to drink
and dies. This story also tells us that we should learn to live a practical
life. If we become much idealistic, we couldn't get happiness in life.
Mr. James Duffy was a bachelor of having old type of
behavior. He was working in a bank. He had the habit of staying alone
because he didn't like to talk with other people. He liked to stay alone
because he wanted to read book if we was free. He sometimes, used to
listen music. He used to stay for away from the city center, in a room
from where he could see the sea, not human beings at all.
Once he get a chance to be introduced with a women
named Mrs. Simico. She was a married woman of having a baby. She was
39 years old. Her husband was the captain of the ship and he used to
come to his house sometimes once a year. Her daughter was in a music
school. So, husband and her daughter. When she met Mr. James Duffy,
she hoped to get love from him, but Duffy was talking her relationship
as friend. They had the intimate relation as they used to got to visit
desert. Once Mrs. Simico invited Mr. Duffy for dinner. IN the
conversation being furious, Duffy ended the relationship at the some
time. Being alone Simico started to drink. After 4 years, one day Mr. Duffy
was reading a newspaper with the news of a painful case from the news
found out that Mr. Simico committed suicide being drunk on the rail line
Mr. Duffy felt himself guilty as he denied her love. He lost the person out
at least person used to love him he remembered those days. When they
used to talk together his morality become useless.
 The Sword of Damocles
Theme:
 Nobody no happy in the world until his life is over.
 Everybody has his own problem and difficulties.
 Higher Ranks has the higher responsibilities.
 Power & position don't makes us happy every person has is own
challenges.

• Characters:
 Dionysius- King of Sicily
 Damocles- A Flatter

• Literal Comprehension:
This story is taken form the Greek legend. The sword of Damocles is
popular as a proverb and as a moral story in Greece even nowadays.
Dionysius a cruel king of Sicily he as famous for his cruel treatment
over people. He had known that people like his cruelty and he also knew
that people wouldn't follow his order if he didn't behave strictly. Some
people like to kill the king but they couldn't many people used to flatter
the king to get his favor. Among them Damocles used to flatter the king
because he through king has the heavenly life. Damocles used to think
that he king had power and property he didn't have any problem and he
was living luxuries life. The king had known that Damocles was doing as
he didn't know that the reality. So decided to teach him a moral lesson
that he hadn't enjoy the life. Dionocious offered him his there for that to
teach how many challenges the king had to face. Democles become
happy and he sat on the throne people started to celebrate happiness.
When he had to wear the crown his head started to ace with its weight.
It didn't like to wear the heavy crown but he was compelled to wear as
he was a king. When he liked up he was a hanging sword over his head.
The naked sword could fall at any time over his head. Then Democles
become restless forget the enjoyment to being a king. At last the time
 was over he quickly left the throne and realized to be king was not so
easy.

• Interpretation:
The story tells us nobody is happy in the world until his life is over.
Everybody has his own problem and challenges. It also tells us that
higher position has the higher responsibility people think power and
property could make us happy but in reality it is not true. The king and
the prince also have their own challenges. Here the weight to the crown
is the symbol of responsibility. The hanging sword is the symbol of risk
and challenges over the position of the king.

• Critical Thinking :
This story tells us the power and property doesn't make us happy. But
there many issues in this story which we can’t accept if power and
property don't make us happy, what could the source of happiness? Is it
possible give thrown for a day by the king just to teach? It is only possible
in the story in real life. If the king was so cruel, he would punish
Damocles, rather than to teach him lesson.

• Assimilation:
I used to think my father very happy when I was a small child because he
could by everything he liked. But now, I realize the reality that he had
many problems and responsibilities towards family so, this story teaches
me the lesson that higher position has higher risk. As, Bill Gates the
richest person of the world is not happy because he couldn't sleep
without taking sleeping tablets.
 The Cricket
Theme:-
 This story is about the cricket fighting culture of china which has been in
the practice from Ming dynasty.
 We should keep hope even at last stage of life
 A lucky person gets success at the end.
 The cruel nature of tyrant rulers in shown in it.

• Characters:
 Magistrate
 Make-Good
 Make Good's Son
 Make Good's Wife
 Hunch back fortune teller
 A Cricket

• Literal Comprehension:
This story "The Cricket" is about the Chinese tradition of Cricket fighting.
Plu Sung-Ling, the writer has presented the famous culture of china,
which is still popular from the Ling Di nasty.
The rulers liked to get entertainment from cricket fighting.
So they gave the order to Magistrate also gave the order to the village
hood head Make-Good was a person who was made the village hood
head through he didn't like to be. He was ordered to bring a Cricket with
in 15 days, but he couldn't get it. Then Make-Good was punished with
hundred strokes on his leg until they were bleeding. Again he was told
to bring cricket with in 3 days. Otherwise he would be killed. Make-
Good's wife suggested him to go to the hunch back fortune teller. The
fortune teller gave them a map & they also got success to get a golden
cricket by the side of a mountain. Make- Good kept it into bamboo tube
& brought to his house. When Make-Good's son opened the tube the
 cricket escaped. When he tried to catch it was killed. The son felt guilty
that because of his work, his father would be killed so he jumped into
well to die. He was pulled out but he was unconscious for a year under
his body. Make-Good got a very small and dirty cricket. Next day in the
competition, the small cricket defeated all the crickets and even the
rooster. The small cricket was taken to the palace and here also it
becomes the winner Make-good was awarded with a house and a lot of
property. When he came his house he found that his son was in
consciousness. His son told that he was reborn as a small cricket when
he was unconscious and he has defeated all the other crickets.

• Interpretation:
This story presents the ancient Chinese tradition of cricket fighting. Plu-
sung Ling has presented the cruel nature of the Tgrant rulers. It also tells
us that we should not leave our hope because luck can favor sometimes
at the end. In this story Make-Good got success at the end when his
cricket got victory over all the cricket.

• Critical Thinking:
This Story has many on unacceptable issues. How could Make-Good son
remain unconscious for a year? How it is possible to reborn as a cricket
though he was unconscious bot dead? How could a cricket defeat the
rooster? These things are just for the enjoyment for children However, It
represents the Chinese tradition of cricket fighting.

• Assimilation:
This story reminded me that bull fighting of my village. As like cricket
fighting, people take enjoyment with bull fighting in Nepal. In
Kathmandu, people celebrate a festival of bull fighting called Bhokhu
Jatra. In Japan there is the culture I beetle fighting. In Mexico there is the
culture of cocks fighting. In every culture we see the animal fighting
tradition as the means of entertainment.
 King John & the Abbot of Coterbury
Literal Comprehension:
This Humorous balled is written by an unknown writer of England. King
John was an evil monarch who was is dispute with people all the time.
King John became too jealous towards the abbot of Canterbury
because he had heard that the Abbot was popular than the king. The
Abbot used to carry so Gold coins in his pocket, his house was welt
decorated than the king's palace and hundred workers used to be in his
service. The King accused. The Abbot that he was plotting against the
king. He called the Abbot to his palace and asked three nonsense
questions, If he couldn't give the right answer he would kill the abbot.
This first question was what was the king's worth. Second question, he
had to say how fast he could travel the world and the third he had to
answer what the king was thinking at the moment. The Abbot asked for
15 days time and he want to oxford and Cambridge Universities for the
answer. But nobody cold give answer of such questions Being depressed
he come back to his house. When he shepherd asked. The shepherd
consoled the Abbot and asked his dress doe the next day, the shepherd
went to palace to give the answer disguised like an Abbot and he
answered the first question as the king's price was pence one penury less
than Christ The king become happy as he compared him with Christ he
answered the second question as he could travel the world with in 24
hours if he got up and walked with the sun. Then he answered the third
question as the king might be thinking the Abbot was giving the answer
but he was shepherd. The king surprised answer told him to be the
Abbot. But the surprised didn't like to be and they both got the pardon.

• Interpretation:
This Humorous balled tells us books and educational institutes are notr
the only source of knowledge a man having practical experience could
solve many problems of life. Bookish knowledge couldn't solve the
practical problems only the practical experience solve the problems of
air real life. Here the scholars of Oxford and Cambridge couldn't give the
 answer of the Abbot's questions but a shepherd a practical man could
solve the question so, Practical knowledge is better than theoretical
knowledge.

• Critical Thinking:
There are many issues in this poem which are difficult to accept. The
event happened in the poem is impossible to be seen in real life It is only
possible in story. It is said that king, couldn't recognize the disguised
shepherd but how could he become so foolish not to know whom he
liked to king if the king liked to kill Abbot, There would be no need to ask
such nonsense question. He would kill at any time. The answer of the
questions are also nonsense.

• Assimilation:
The poem reminded me my villagers as they could solve the same of
interest orally but I couldn't do without calculator. They have the
practical knowledge but I have the theoretical only so to solve the
practical problems we need to have practical knowledge college and
universities only give the theoretical knowledge but a practical man could
easily solve the problems of life.
 Gaia

Theme:
 This poem is against the ecology destruction of the world.
 The poet warns us that if we destroy the nature, we couldn't exists in the
world.
 People are recklessly destroying the nature and the earth will react
against it.

GAIA: The earth Goddess

It is the myths of Greek people about Gaia that she had made the earth
barren when she become angry.

IT is said that earth is a living "organism" it is not

lifeless.
In this poem, Shreedhar lohani has presented the
problem ecological destruction of the world people are reckless
destroying and ecology and nature and the human existence will be in
danger if they don't stop the destruction. Lohani, the editor of this book,
has presented the burring problem of the present world by taking the
reference form Greek myth of "Gaia". According to the myth, "GAIA" the
earth goddess, used to make the earth fertile and she protected the
nature. But once become angry and made the earth barren. Here, Lohani
wants to say that if the destruction of nature will be continue, the earth
will be barren as in the myth.

Lohani says that due to the human activities, the earth is

suffering from many problems. The storm and the heavy rain are also
giving much pain to the earth. Sue to the destruction of forest, the earth
bears the problems of flood and sometimes drought. The sea is ready to
devour the earth because due to the global warning the ice of the world
is melting and the volume of sea is increasing. The sharp peak of the
earth are also giving pain to it. The time has changed the situation. The
shrouds of hunger and violence have covered the earth yet the earth is
ending is an during.

The last two lines "Yet she endures" is a warning to modern

people in this poem. Here, Gaia or the earth is enduring the ecological
destruction of human activities up to now. But she wouldn't bear much
thus it means we should protect the nature, otherwise Gaia will punish
us by making the earth barren.
 Where The Mind is Without Fear

Theme:
 This poem shows the importance of freedom to human life.
 For the progress of a person and a nation, there should be no fear in this
mind of people.
 This poem shows the importance of knowledge, courage, self-dignity and
responsible though if all these qualities are with people of a country that
is the heaven.
 The narrow concept of nationalism and artificial borderline, there are
wars in the world we the world.
 This poem was written at that time when India was the colony of Britain-
Indian people was not free.
•
Literal Comprehension:
Rabindranath Tagore, the very popular name in English literature was
the only person from south Asia who got the Novel prize in literature.
This poem was written at the time when India was the colony Britain.
In this poem, Tagore demanded the freedom to Indian
people for the progress of Indian people and the nation, the fear of
British colony should be ended. The Indian people should get self dignity
and they should get to live with respect. They should get knowledge
freely. He also talked about the Couse of war that is the narrow concept
of artificial border lines. The reason or intellect should not be blocked by
the traditional though. The mind of Indian people should be free from
fear. At last he requested to God to let his country awake.
•
Interpretation:
This patriotic poem tells us about the importance of freedom in human
life. The poet wants to show the Couse of was, that is the narrow concept
of nationalism. The world should not be divided with artificial border
 lines. Tagore shows the importance of knowledge courage, self, dignity
and reasonable thought. He wants to make Indian awake from the deep
sleep.
•
Critical Thinking:
This Nationalism poem was written at the time when Indian was the
colony of Britain. But the poet is trying to escape form reality and he likes
to establish an ideal world in the earth? We have accepted the reality we
all love our nationalism so the writter is trying to go way from reality.
•
Assimilation:
This poem taught me the lesson about the importance of freedom in our
life. If we are in the fear of something, we couldn't get progress in life.
This poem also tells us that people should get self respect to be happy.
We should be free from fear of some powers. We can say make the world
happy if we can say we are the citizen of the world.
 THE TELEGRAM ON THE TABLE
Theme:
 This story shows the bitter reality of Nepalese youth dream to go foreign
country to earn enough money.
 The youth come to the town from the villages and they never like to go
back to their villagers. They think there is there heavenly pleasure in him
foreign country.
•
Characters:
 Krishna
 His Wife
 Miss Pandey
 A friend
•
Literal Comprehension:
In this story Pranshu Pradhan has presented the bitter reality of
Nepalese youths who come to he town from their villages and the never
like to go back to their village. They dream to go to the foreign country
where they think that there is heavenly pleasure and hey could earn
enough money. In reality there is full of struggle.
Krishna a boy come to Kathmandu from hos remote village
and learned English language. Then he started to work as a tourist guide
to describe the historical places to the tourists. In the beginning he used
to go to his village at the time of Dashain. But now, he completely forgot
his village, Parents and even his wife. He demanded to go to the foreign
country as a foreign girl would marry with him and she would take him
to her country. He though that his wife was the obstacle for his next
marriage. He hoped for the death of his wife because it would be the
freedom for his plan. Unfortunately his wife died and he got a telegram
about the news of his wife's death. He becomes happy and though it was
his wish fulfillment. Those, a friend come to express his condolence and
he just said "Thank You" for but he couldn't because of the poor
condition of his room. One evening he suddenly remembered his past
 and the poor background. He also felt that an Image of women came into
his mind. The image was of his wife dead. He realized his mistake that he
become happy t the death of wife. He read the telegram again and he
tore it into places he started to weep.
•
Interpretation:
This presents the bitter reality of Nepalese youths who come to town
from their villages and they never like to go back. They dream for the
foreign country and though there is heavenly pleasure there. But in
reality there is also struggle. Krishna, the young boy also dreams to get
married with a foreigners and to go to the her country. But at last he
realized his reality and his dream was not fulfillment. It also shows that
we should learn to live with reality about not in dream.
•
Critical Thinking:
Many people think that their life, would be happy if they get go to in the
foreign country. But Pradhan has exaggerated. Some issues here in his
chapter. How could a person forget his wife completely? How could he
be happy at the death of this wife? There is no any evidence about that
bad relationship between Krishna and his wife. Man can dream for better
future but he can't forget the present completely.
•
Assimilation:
This story taught me the lesson that way the town is over crowded
people like to come to the town but they never like go to back to their
villages. It also taught me the lesson that dream may not be true for all
the time. We should learn to live reality. We all have ambition but over
ambition are bad. We should not forget our pas, background and reality
which are with us.
 MR. KNOW ALL

Theme:
 Racial prejudice is a bad thing.
 Whites are prejudice towards black.
 To get a happy conjugal in life, Husband and wife should stay together.

• Characters:
 Maugham: White
 Max. Keleda: Mr. Know all (Black People)
 Mr. Ramsay: Husband
 Mrs. Ramsay: Wife
•
Literal Comprehension:
This story tells us that racial prejudice is a bad thing. Maugham shows
the prejudice of white people over blacks in the USA. Ii is also shows the
discrimination of whites over blacks.

After the end of first world we, Maugham was going to

Japan from North USA by a ship. On the journey he had to cheer his cabin
with a black man Max keleda, Maugham started to hate his name and his
bad without meeting him. He becomes sad because he had to go for
journey with a black Man Keleda as a frank and talk time person. He went
to meet Maugham and offered drink but je didn't like to talk with him.
ON the ship, Keleda used to talk every person and he used to present
himself as if he knew everything. He used to put his idea on very subjects
and he used to insist on everything. One day Mr. and Mrs. Ramsay,
Maugham and other white people were talking about pearl. Max Keleda
went there as Mr. Know all said that he knew everything about pearl he
said he was in the business of pearl Mr. Ramsay was working in Japan
and now he was talking his wife form New York after a year of his
 marriage Mr. know all shoed the pearl necklace of Mrs. Ramsay and said
that he could tell the exact price of it. He said that its cost might be
$30000 if it was bought in New York. But Mrs. Ramsay had told her
husband that see had bought the fake pearl with $18. Mr. Ramsay
becomes ready to bet with Mr. Know all of $100 through his wife
requested him not to bet Mr. Know All made her to pull the necklace and
checked it with a magnifying lens. It was a real pearl, but when he saw to
be unconscious. Then he realized the reality that she had earned that
money from prostitution while she was alone in New York for a year. If
he told the truth, their marriage life would be finished at the time. So, to
save their married life, Mr. Know ALL becomes ready to lose his bet and
face the criticism. So he told that original people laughed at him but he
didn't say anything Next Morning, he got an envelop with a $100 note
from Mrs. Ramsay. Mr. Know All told to Maugham that if he had such a
beautiful wife, he wouldn't leave her alone in New York from this ,
Maugham understand the contribution of in New York form this,
Maugham understand the contribution of Keleda yet, Maugham was not
positive towards Mr. know All.

• Interpretation:
This story tells us that racial prejudice is a bad thing. The whites in the
USA have the prejudice feelings towards the black. The white couldn't
see positively the black ever they devoted their life for the service of
white. Max. Keleda become ready to lose bet and face criticism for the
protection of married life of whites. Yet, Maugham was not positive
towards him. This story also tells us that husband and wife would stay
together for their happy married life. If Mr. Ramsay would be with him
there would be no problem of prostitution.

• Critical Thinking:
There are many issues in this story which we can't accept are Americans
so prejudice towards Black? IF the whites are so cruel towards him, why
 Mr. Know all become ready to face the criticism to lose the bet for the
protection of the married life of a white couple? Why Maugham was so
negative even at the end towards Mr. Know All? So, this story presents
the negative image of whites.

• Assimilation:
This story reminded me the caste discrimination of Nepal as the Black
and white discrimination in the USA. The so-called upper-caste people
prejudice towards the so-called lower caste people. It also reminded me
that for a happy married life, husband and wife should stay together we
ended as the husband and wife are not together for a longer.
 THE LIBRARY CARD
Theme:
 This autobiographical essay is about the struggle of Richard Wright to
learn writing and to get to read books.
 This essay tells us that how black people were exploited in the USA.
 This essay tells us where There is will there is way. If we have strong
determination nothing could be impossible in our life.
•
Literal Comprehension:
In this autobiographical essay Richard Wright presents his struggle to get
to read books. Being a black, he was not free to get to read and he was
exploited by the whites yet, he struggles and gets success in life.
One day, Richard Wright got to read a newspaper
additional and he was surprised when he read in which the writer
Mencken was severally criticized by a white editor Mencken was a white
writer from North and he was against the discrimination over black in
the south. Richard wright desired to read his books to know why he was
criticized. He asked for the library card to his master, but if it was know
the master would also know be punished. Being soft heard, his master
provided him the library card with a signature and read them. He again
forget his signature and read more books from them he realized the rad
pain of his life. He knew that why the blacks are exploited there. He
knows the real condition of his mother. He also leaned English words
could be used us a weapon. Even the simple words could express deep
feelings. Then he hoped to leave the anti-black south and he left for the
North America. There, he got freedom to read and become a great writer.
•
Interpretation:
The writer may be trying to tall us education is supremely ornament of
life without education man can't understand the real world, This essay
also tells us that where there is will that is way. Richard wright, being a
Negro servant, couldn't get to read but he forget the signature of his boss
 and hot to read books. Because of the novels, he felt his life was
completely changed.
•
Critical Thinking:
I want to speak English fluently. But by reading grammar of English, I
could improve my spoken after reading this chapter. I got the knowledge
that from novels language could be learned easily. I also remembered
the time when Lincoln had to struggle for the freedom of blacks in the
USA.
 WHY GO TO UNIVERSITY?
Main Points:
Nissani tries to present the ten advantages of going universities. But
before that he presents some advantages too.

# Disadvantages of going Universities:

1. We have to over work instead of enjoying.
2. We should face additional worries.
3. The result of every exams don't make us happy.
4. Universities cost a lot. We should spend time and money instead of
earning.
5. Knowledge is responsible for social problems. Ignorance is happy.

# Advantages of going Universities:

1. To get job and promotion.
2. Knowledge saves as nobody could cheat us.
3. Education and good health are inter-related.
4. Reading is the exercise of the mind.
5. Knowledge person gets respects.
6. To get knowledge about surrounding.
7. It is a place for social contracts.
8. Education makes us freedom superstition.
9. Knowledge about Universe.
10. Education and democracy Inter-related.

• Summary:
Moti Nissani, The editor of this book, has presented the ten pointes
advantages, of going Universities in this essay before that, he was also
presented some disadvantages of going Universities. If we go to
Universities, we have to over work instead of enjoying. We should face
additional worries. The results of different tests don't make us happy.
Universities cost alot, we spend time and money instead of earning. To
 some extend, Ignorance is happiness. Knowledge is responsible for
many social problems.
Moti Nissani has presents the following advantages of
going to universities in the contest of Nepal.

1) Universities education helps to get job and promotion. It improves

income and social position. A Nation becomes rich.
2) Knowledge save peoples forms difficulties in Life. Nobody could cheat us.
We can save money and it can also make us septic.
3) Education and good health are closely related. They keep them healthy.
4) Reading is the exercise of mind. I make us aware about it.
5) Knowledge peoples are respected in a civilized as well in an uncivilized
society.
6) Human beings are curious about the world surrounding them. So, it gives
knowledge about the surrounding.
7) Universities are the place where we are in contact with many people. It
wades our social horizon.
8) Education makes us free personally from many superstition and false
teaching.
9) Knowledge about the universities is necessary balance of the eco-system
is possible only if we have the knowledge.
10)Democracy and education are independent. Ina democratic society,
There is the freedom. Democracy couldn't be developed without
education. Uneducated people couldn't judge the good politicians. Only
the educated person can understand his own right and duty. He will not
choose the corrupted leader. Therefore democracy can only be
successful if he people is educated.
 Piano
Theme:-
- Nostalgia is the central idea of the poem "Piano".
- It tells us memory is much sweeter then reality. It helps us to forget
present reality.
- This poem shows the relationship between past and present, memory
and reality.
- The poet remembers his childhood and forget the present reality.

• Literal Comprehension:-
D.H. Lawrence, the famous Britist poet, mostly wrote about his childhood
experience. This poem 'piano', he has presented the idea that memory
or imagination is most powerful to forget the present reality.
The poet is sitting with a women in a room at evening. The women
is playing piano for the poet the tune of piano makes the poet remember
his past childhood because his mother used to play piano in the past. He
remembers those days he used to sit under the piano and his mother
used to play and sing, smiling towards hm. He completely forgets his
present because his sweet childhood memory. He remembered the
evening when all his family members used to sit in a cozy parlor and his
mother used to play piano. They used to sing hymns. The poet thinks
that the music of that women is lamoures and he weeps like a child.

• Interpretation:-
This poem tells us memory is much sweeter than reality when a man
remembers his past happy days, he forgets the present difficult days
music has the power to make us to remembers the happy past. In this
poem, the poet remembers his mother and his childhood days when he
listen the music of that women clamors, but the same music made him
to remembers the past.
• Critical Thinking:-
This poem shows the relationship between past and present, memory
and reality But there are some issues which we couldn't accept of his
poem. Man could remember his past but it is impossible to forget the
present reality completely. Everybody should learn to live with present.
How could a young man weep like a before a young women? Does his
manhood allow his to do so? How could a sweet music become clamors?
Sweet music is always better to listen.

• Assilimilation:-
From this poem I realized that every people remember, their happy past
and forget their present for some time like me. Nowadays when I listen
the morning pray anywhere I remember my grandmother who used to
pray when I was small child. Sometimes I remember those events when
I hear the song again which would have played at the time when the
event happened.