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3 Geometry
3.1 5M
1. (IMO 2004, P1) Let ABC be an acute-angled triangle with AB 6= AC.
The circle with diameter BC intersects the sides AB and AC at M and N
respectively. Denote by O the midpoint of the side BC. The bisectors of the
angles ∠BAC and ∠M ON intersect at R. Prove that the circumcircles of
the triangles BM R and CN R have a common point lying on the side BC.
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2. (IMO 2006, P1) Let ABC be triangle with incenter I. A point P in the
interior of the triangle satisfies
∠P BA + ∠P CA = ∠P BC + ∠P CB.
Show that AP ≥ AI, and that equality holds if and only if P = I.
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3. (IMO 2007, P4) In triangle ABC the bisector of angle BCA intersects the
circumcircle again at R, the perpendicular bisector of BC at P , and the
perpendicular bisector of AC at Q. The midpoint of BC is K and the
midpoint of AC is L. Prove that the triangles RP K and RQL have the
same area.
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4. (IMO 2012, P1) Given triangle ABC the point J is the centre of the excircle
opposite the vertex A. This excircle is tangent to the side BC at M , and
to the lines AB and AC at K and L, respectively. The lines LM and BJ
meet at F , and the lines KM and CJ meet at G. Let S be the point of
intersection of the lines AF and BC, and let T be the point of intersection
of the lines AG and BC. Prove that M is the midpoint of ST.
(The excircle of ABC opposite the vertex A is the circle that is tangent to
the line segment BC, to the ray AB beyond B, and to the ray AC beyond
C.)
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5. (IMO 2014, P4) Let P and Q be on segment BC of an acute triangle ABC
such that ∠P AB = ∠BCA and ∠CAQ = ∠ABC. Let M and N be the
points on AP and AQ, respectively, such that P is the midpoint of AM and
Q is the midpoint of AN . Prove that the intersection of BM and CN is on
the circumference of triangle ABC.
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6. (USAMO 2001 P4) Let P be a point in the plane of triangle ABC such that
the segments P A, P B, and P C are the sides of an obtuse triangle. Assume
that in this triangle the obtuse angle opposes the side congruent to P A.
Prove that ∠BAC is acute.
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7. (USAMO 2003 P4) Let ABC be a triangle. A circle passing through A and
B intersects segments AC and BC at D and E, respectively. Lines AB
and DE intersect at F , while lines BD and CF intersect at M . Prove that
M F = M C if and only if M B · M D = M C 2 .
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8. (USAMO 2004 P1) Let ABCD be a quadrilateral circumscribed about a
circle, whose interior and exterior angles are at least 60 degrees. Prove that
1
|AB 3 − AD3 | ≤ |BC 3 − CD3 | ≤ 3|AB 3 − AD3 |.
3
When does equality hold?
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9. (USAMO 2010 P1) Let AXY ZB be a convex pentagon inscribed in a semi-
circle of diameter AB. Denote by P , Q, R, S the feet of the perpendiculars
from Y onto lines AX, BX, AZ, BZ, respectively. Prove that the acute
angle formed by lines P Q and RS is half the size of ∠XOZ, where O is the
midpoint of segment AB.
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10. (USAMO 2010 P4) Let ABC be a triangle with ∠A = 90◦ . Points D and
E lie on sides AC and AB, respectively, such that ∠ABD = ∠DBC and
∠ACE = ∠ECB. Segments BD and CE meet at I. Determine whether or
not it is possible for segments AB, AC, BI, ID, CI, IE to all have integer
lengths.
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11. (USAMO 2020 P1) Let ABC be a fixed acute triangle inscribed in a circle
ω with center O. A variable point X is chosen on minor arc AB of ω, and
segments CX and AB meet at D. Denote by O1 and O2 the circumcenters
of triangles ADX and BDX, respectively. Determine all points X for which
the area of triangle OO1 O2 is minimized.
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