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MINIMAL SELVES
Stuart Hall
A few adjectival thoughts only
Thinking about my own sense of idemtcy, I eealise cat it
Ins alwavs depended on the fact of being 4 mipanon the
siferecefcom the test of you. So one ofthe fascinating things
about dis discussion is co find myself centered a ast, Now
‘hat, ia the postmodern age, you all feel £0 dispersed, T
become centered. What I've thought of as dispersed and
fragmented comes, paradoxically, to be th representative
modern experience! This is ‘coming home’ with a vengeance!
Most of e much enjoy —,welcome to migranthood. I also
kes me understand something about identity which has
sen puzzling me ia the last three year
I've been puzzled by the Fact that young black people in
London today ate marginalized, Fragmented, unentran
chized, lisadvantaged and dispersed, And yet, they look as if
ther own the fermtory. Somehow, they too, in spite of
everything, are centered, in place: withoue much material
Suppor e's rue, but nevertheless, they occupy a new kind of
spaceat the centte. Aad I've wondered again and again: what
itis about that long discovecy-rediscovery of identity among
blacks in chi migrant situation, whieh allows them to lay 4
kind of claim to certain parts of the earth which aren" thei,
swith quite that certsiney? Ido feel a sense of — dare say
— envy surrounding chem. Envy isa very funny thing forthe
British co feel at this moment in time — ro want tobe black!
Yer [feel some of you surreptitiously moving towards that
marginal idenucy. [welcome vou to that, too.
‘Now the question is: is chis centering of macginalit really
she representative postmodern experience? T was given the
tine “the minimal self «| know the diseourses which have
theoretieally produced that concept of ‘minimal sei? But my
experience now is that what the discourse ofthe postmodern
has produced isnot something new but kind of recogaition
lf where denutyalwcave ws at. eis in thar sense chat I want
tw redeting the general Feeling which more and mote people
seem to have about themselves — that they are alsin sme
way, reuily migrated Lean coin that phase
The classic questions which every’ migeant faces ace
texofeld: "Why ate you here" and ‘When ate vou going back
home?’ No migrant ever knows the answer to the second
{question until asked. Only then does she or he know thet
really, in the deep sense, shejhe's never going back.
Migration is one war tip. There is no “home’ to go back o,
There never was. But ‘why are you here? is also a telly
interesting question, which I've never been able to find 2
proper answer to either. I know the reasons one is supposed
to give: for education’, forthe childrens’ sake’ or 1 bevet
life, moreopporcuntis’, to enlarge the mind!’ etc. The uth
is, [am here Because i's where my family is ot I really came
here co get away feom my mother, Isn't that the universal
‘sory of lie? One is where one isto try and yet away from
somewhere else. That was the story which I could never tell
anybody about myself So | had to find other stories, other
Fictions, which were more authencic of, at any rite, more
acceptable, in place ofthe Big Seory ofthe endless evasion of
patriarchal family life. Who | am — the “real” me was
formed in relation to 2 whole set of other narratives, [8
aware of the fact chat identigy isan invention from the ver
beginning, long before I understood any of cis theorecicaly
Iencity 1 formed at the unstable point where the
‘unspeakable’ stores of subjectivity meet the narratives of
history, of 2 culture. Aad since he/she is positioned in
relation to cultured narcatives which have been profoundly
expropriated the colonized subject is always “somewhere
else’ doubly maginalized, displaced always ofr chan where
he or she is, ois abe to speak from,
Tewasn'ea joke whea [said the I migrated in order to get
away from my family. I did. The problem, one discovers,
that since one's family is always already “in here’, thece ts 00
‘vay in which you can acualy leave them. Of courte, soonet
(of later, they recede in memory, or even in life. But these are
Persecution
eed
eneaot the “sits shat ealy matter I wish they sete still
Ten gothat {digs have co cary chem around, locked UP
Smewhete in my bead feom whieh vom, So
ttoo he es, Tm ceiion to Chem, and then
Seibel others evenly was aways a
Cae SSching else, with some other real me’, which sand
you ve,asvelived in Janaie, in alowce middle dats
saa that as tng 0 bea mide cles Jamaican ale
ray cebe an upper nudle cas Jamacan far vi
WE TE Eatian Viciocan family =~ T mean the notion of
Seen asa pace of ‘deni sx concept you ara
pe ong before You ae able ro spel. Living With,
ing though diference I remember the occasion when I
wraacd te Jamaica on + vse sometime in thee 1955
SEatthe drt wane of migenon o England, my notes ad
TE GaE Hope they dont think. you. mene of those
Tangent doe er!” Ag of course, ath pot [kore
teeth fat cme was an Borigra. Soden sn elation 0
{Richart of migraton, one version of the fal me came
IMS lew: Toad "Of cours Em an immigean, What v0 vou
mari ta? andse ud nth csc Jamaican miele hss
SROEAEEE, ope the peopie over thee will hove 2
Webigrne of the long ond of shor per’ (They've been
owing ever since.
gee able that the insane one learns 10 be “38
immigrats one tecogizes one can't be 49 ig
ar art enable place be then, went through be
ez fmpocane polical eduction of discovering that 1a
eae Sorting oneel a lck is another eecogniion
eee) Gtough diferences cenain cleat panties and
ora Gpkinst which one ter to deine onese, We
Stet urderescinate the importance, 0 ean crucial
corms that have happened in the wot, of chs
Pant peop to consoroe themselves, psyche, i the
BRAT SoEEe? eka tong been thouge eat tis i cell 2
ae eretla recngaion a rslaton oferesolacons,
BORER rea in some place which vas always there
Siang for one. The real me’ a st!
eee ere biack: has aver bewn just there ther, I as
alvath tan un unsabie ideny, papeically atoll ad
ATR etoorbanacnive,cstory. a history, Something
rans wal, spoken, aot simpy Found, People now
SOONG he socty 1 cone from in ory uneecognizale
{PGE Grouse Jalon a black sce they st. Ines
TT QESRCREEL Sad brown people who lives for sree
HeoUiead vers without ever being able to speak of
see eee lick, Black is an ident whic hat co be
dae ey could only be lesned in a cerain moment. Io
Troe tha moments be tgven. So the notion that ens
a ee can ase (be merphor — black oe white
isa HP aever been the experience of black people 3s
gueseon Mjapors. These ae imaginary communities —
leas in te Stee eas fal cau te ae aso spmibalic
BEI Lu could the. dalogue of dency beeen
[cee and culeore eae paee>
Pee a regmenations and dplacement then, the
sae ecto real seto histones Burawhat at thee
see eey en so many at this conference have “owned
a crite condition? dors seem hat more
wee rom ele now recognise rremscis nthe nares
a er stn Bat the narmaves oF Saplacerent hase
oa stions of existence, real monies in the
eter world, which ave not only oF exclusils
sat smpl ournese ofthe mid’ What that
Ft rset’ Tc simply the recognition of 2 general
se cua fagmenration a the end ofthe aoth centr?
aie ea tat he selfs awa, in a 2nse 9 feton,
oat SAD ids ot closures’ which ave required co creas
ie es oF adenaiaion “= nation, ethnic #ouPs
Soules ete ate arbicenry closures: and the
Lamy al scion, wheter mverment oF Hares oF
SRE Ric oo, ae temporars, pai arbitra elese
ae ay imporan ain when one recov hat
SEs enacted acre difernce aa beens 9 8
svi che polities of diference. Buc doesn’: the acceptance of
the sctional ne narrative status of idemiey in relanion so the
trorld ake equite asa necessity, is upposice — the momeat
weary ciosute: Is t possible for there to Be action 0°
‘enaty in the world without arbitrary closure — wise one
fright call che neceasigy #0 meaning of the end of the
Reatenee? Potentially, discourse is endless: the infinite
Semiosis of meaning. But to say anything a all in paroculae,
tou do have to stop talking. OF course, every fll stop is
provisional, The next sentence will ake nearly all of