Phonetic Table

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! " # $! "% &"
Tree Fish Book Shoe Ear Face

! %
Sofa /
'! (! #% (" %#
Egg Bird Door Cure Boy Coat
Gorilla (medicine)

" ) *! + &% ," ,##

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Cat Duck Car Dog Hair Fly Cow

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$ % & ' -. /0 ( )
Pen Back Tea Day Church Judge Key Get

* + 1 , - . . 0
Five Very Think Those Six Zoo Short Pleasure

/ 0 2 1 2 3 4 5
More Nice Ring Hot Live Right Window Yes
101
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Punctuation
Punctuation Revision
1(.) Full stop (“period” in
US English)
We use the full stop at the end of
a sentence. For example: She is
lucky.
For website and e-mail addresses
we say “dot”. For example:
www.ebdj.com = www dot ebdj
dot com
2 (,) Comma
We use the comma for pauses in
sentences, or for lists of things.
For example:
a) I went to the shops, and then I
went to the swimming pool.
b) I bought a computer, two
televisions and a pencil.
We also use the comma in non-
defining relative clauses. For
example:
a) My sister Joan, who lives in
Paris, is a pharmacist.
b) My aunt, who likes to spend
her weekends in the country,
is a dentist.
We also use the comma before
quoting someone. For example:
a) She said, “I never go there!”
b) He added, “And I would like to
leave now.”
3 (;) Semicolon
This is used to mark a pause
between two ideas that are
connected. For example:
a) You must come to the show;
you’ll love it.
b) There are some things that I like;
and there are others that I hate.
4 (:) Colon
We use the colon to start a list of
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something. For example:
a) I got everything ready: the
tickets, traveller’s cheques and
my passport.
b) There are two reasons: firstly,
I don’t like it; and secondly, I
don’t have the time.
5 (?) Question mark
We use this at the end of a
question.
6 (!) Exclamation mark
We use this to show surprise/
anger, etc.
7 (‘) Apostrophe
We use the apostrophe with
contractions and the genitive. For
example: l’m, you’re, don’t, l’ve,
John’s, Mary’s, etc.
8(“”) inverted commas
(also known as “speech
marks” or “quotation
marks”)
We often use these for quotes.
For example: “To be, or not to be.
That is the question.”
Some people use single speech
marks, which are like this: ‘To be,
or not to be. That is the question.’
9 (–) Dash
We often use the dash in informal
styles to add a bit of extra information
at the end of a sentence.
She wasn’t too happy about it –
but that doesn’t matter.
10 (-) Hyphen
This is similar to a dash but much
shorter. It is used to join two
words together. For example: co-
worker, eating-time, etc
Hyphens are often used in
website or e-mail addresses.
For example:
john-smith@ace.com = john
hyphen smith at ace dot com
11( ) Brackets
(“parentheses” in US
English)
We use brackets to add additional
information inside a sentence. For
example:
Mary (Jane’s sister) is coming
tonight.
When dictating, we can say:
a) “open brackets”: (
b) “close brackets”: )
These are known as “square
brackets” = [ ]
12 (/) Slash
This is often used in internet
addresses. There are two types:
forward slash (/), and back slash (\).
13 (_) Underscore
This is also used in e-mail and
website addresses. For example:
alan@hedo_now.com = alan at
hedo underscore now dot com
14 Capitals
Capital letters (or “upper-case
letters”) look like this: WHAT IS
THE TIME?
And lower case letters look like
this: what is the time?
15E-mail and website
addresses
“www” is pronounced “double u,
double u, double u”.
And “@” is pronounced “at”. For
example:
My web address is www.sure.
com (double u, double u, double
u dot sure dot com). My e-mail
address is sure@hotmail.com
(sure at hotmail dot com)
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Irregular Verbs
Irregular verb list with participles
Infinitive Past tense Past participle Example
Be was, were been She was at home.
Beat beat beaten We beat them.
Become became become She became a lawyer.
Begin began begun It began last night.
Bite bit bitten The dog bit me.
Break broke broken He broke the window.
Bring brought brought We brought some sandwiches.
Build built built They built a house.
Burn burnt, burned burnt, burned The fire burnt all night.
Buy bought bought He bought some food.
Catch caught caught The cat caught the mouse.
Choose chose chosen We chose the red one.
Come came come They came at 6pm.
Cost cost cost It cost a lot.
Cut cut cut She cut the piece of paper.
Dig dug dug We dug a hole.
Do did done We did some exercise.
Draw drew drawn They drew a picture.
Dream dreamt, dreamed dreamt, dreamed I dreamt about you.
Drink drank drunk She drank the tea.
Drive drove driven I drove home.
Eat ate eaten We ate at home.
Fall fell fallen They fell down.
Feed fed fed She fed the cat.
Feel felt felt We felt good.
Fight fought fought They fought in the garden.
Find found found I found the shoe.
Fly flew flown She flew to Chicago.
Forget forgot forgotten They forgot to bring it.
Get got got, gotten We got a present.
Give gave given We gave her the money.
Go went gone They went to Brighton.
Grow grew grown He grew some plants.
Hang hung, hanged hung, hanged We hung up the washing.
Have had had We had lunch at 1pm.
Hear heard heard I heard the song.
Hide hid hidden She hid the present.
Hit hit hit I hit the ball.
Hold held held We held the rope.
Hurt hurt hurt It hurt me.
Keep kept kept We kept it at home.
Know knew known I knew the answer.
Learn learnt, learned learnt, learned She learnt how to do it.
Leave left left They left at 9pm.
Lend lent lent We lent them the money.
Let let let They let us stay there.
Lie lay lain We lay down.
Light lit, lighted lit, lighted They lit the fire.

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 RESOURCE SECTION
Irregular Verbs
Infinitive Past tense Past participle Example
Lose lost lost I lost my money.
Make made made He made a cake.
Mean meant meant What does it mean?
Meet met met I met her at a party.
Pay paid paid They paid us.
Put put put She put it on the table.
Read [ri:d] read [red] read [red] I read the book.
Ride rode ridden She rode the horse.
Ring rang rung The phone rang.
Run ran run We ran home.
Say said said I said I was happy.
See saw seen I saw the film.
Sell sold sold She sold the car.
Send sent sent They sent the e-mail.
Shake shook shaken I shook hands with her.
Shoot shot shot They shot at the target.
Show showed shown, showed I showed her the picture.
Shut shut shut I shut the door.
Sing sang sung We sang the song.
Sink sank sunk The boat sank.
Sit sat sat I sat down.
Sleep slept slept She slept well.
Smell smelt, smelled smelt, smelled It smelt good.
Speak spoke spoken We spoke to them.
Spell spelt, spelled spelt, spelled I spelt it for him.
Spend spent spent I spent all my money.
Spoil spoilt, spoiled spoilt, spoiled We spoiled it.
Spread spread spread They spread the news.
Stand stood stood I stood up.
Steal stole stolen They stole the money.
Stick stuck stuck She stuck it in the book.
Take took taken We took the car.
Teach taught taught They taught us a lot.
Tell told told I told her the truth.
Think thought thought We thought about it.
Throw threw thrown They threw the rubbish away.
Understand understood understood We understood the problem.
Wake woke woken I woke up early.
Wear wore worn He wore some new clothes.
Win won won She won the game.
Write wrote written They wrote the letter.

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