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EVALUATIONS 1979
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
Explanation
USE PATTERN
Results from earlier trials on the rate of loss of such residues were
evaluated at the 1971 Meeting. Scudamore and Heuser (1973)
established rates of loss of residual carbon tetrachloride from maize
and wheat fumigated at normal insect control dosage levels, over
periods of up to a year, under constant temperature and air moisture
conditions. They found that maize contained about 50 mg/kg after 6
months free aeration at 10°C but less than 10 mg/kg when aired at
25°C. Wheat fumigated at the same dosage level contained 7 mg/kg
residual carbon tetrachloride after six months aeration at 20°C and 2
mg/kg when held at 25°C. The reduction in residue levels in 7 days
immediately after fumigation varied from 34-55% in maize and from
14-52% in wheat, the greater reduction in each case being recorded at
high aeration temperatures. However, Beilorai and Alumot (1975) in
confirmation of results reported earlier (Alumot and Beilorai, 1969)
gave results of aeration experiments with several liquid fumigants,
including carbon tetrachloride, which indicated a higher rate of loss
of residue at 14°C than at 32°C. The reasons for the differing
findings of these two groups of workers remains unresolved. It is
possible that under the atmospheric conditions prevailing in the
Israeli work, the moisture content of the fumigated cereals changed
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during aeration and that this had a greater effect than that of
temperature alone. Since this could be the case under practical
conditions, the temperature during aeration may not be the most
critical factor.
FATE OF RESIDUES
In Animals
APPRAISAL
Although carbon tetrachloride has been widely used for many years as a
grain and animal feedstuff fumigant on its own or mixed with other
liquid fumigants, it is considered that this use is declining and in
some countries such use is prohibited. In the United Kingdom tests
have shown that 1,1,1-trichloroethane is a satisfactory substitute for
carbon tetrachloride in fumigation practice (Pest Infestation Control
Laboratory, 1978) and has a much more satisfactory toxicological
record, especially in relation to the effects of carbon tetrachloride
on mammalian liver.
The meeting concluded that these levels are suitable for use as
guideline levels and should not be exceeded if good fumigation
practice, including adequate aeration, is followed.
Desirable
employed.
REFERENCES
Admiral, P., de Bruin, A., Cats, H., Dornseiffen, J., Greve, P.A.,
Hogendoorn, E.A. and Mulders, E.J. - Rept. No. 95/79 (1979), Rijts
Instituut voor de Volksgezondheid Bilthoven Netherlands.
Heuser, S.G. - New fumigation standards for the eighties. Proc. 5th
British Pest Control Assn. Conf. (1979), Paper No. 15, 2
See Also:
Toxicological Abbreviations
Carbon Tetrachloride (EHC 208, 1999)
Carbon Tetrachloride (HSG 108, 1998)
Carbon tetrachloride (ICSC)
Carbon tetrachloride (FAO Meeting Report PL/1965/10/2)
Carbon tetrachloride (FAO/PL:1967/M/11/1)
Carbon tetrachloride (FAO/PL:1968/M/9/1)
Carbon tetrachloride (WHO Pesticide Residues Series 1)
Carbon Tetrachloride (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 71, 1999)
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