29th December 2014 M01_LEON2218_09_SE_C01 page 101

Chapter One Exercises 101

then 8. If AC = BC and C = O (the zero matrix), then

⎧ ⎫ ⎧ ⎫
A = B.
AB = ⎪
5⎪
BA = ⎪
7⎪
⎩4 ⎭ and ⎩ 11 ⎭
7 10 4 3 9. If AB = O, then BA = O.
This proves that statement (ii) is false.
10. If A is a 3×3 matrix and a1 − 3a2 + 5a3 = 0, then A
1. If the row reduced echelon form of A involves must be singular.
free variables, then the system Ax = b will have 11. If A is a 5×4 matrix and b = a2 − a4 , then the
infinitely many solutions. system Ax = b must be consistent.
2. Every homogeneous linear system is consistent.
12. Let A be a 4 × 3 matrix with a2 = a3 . If b =
3. An n × n matrix A is nonsingular if and only if the
a1 + a2 + a3 , then the system Ax = b will have
reduced row echelon form of A is I (the identity
infinitely many solutions.
matrix).
4. If A is nonsingular, then A can be factored into a 13. If E is an elementary matrix, then ET is also an
product of elementary matrices. elementary matrix.
5. If A and B are nonsingular n × n matrices, then A + 14. The product of two elementary matrices is an
B is also nonsingular and (A + B)−1 = A−1 + B−1 . elementary matrix.
6. If A = A−1 , then A must be equal to either I or −I. 15. If x and y are nonzero vectors in Rn and A = xyT ,
7. If A and B are n×n matrices, then (A + B)(A − B) = then the row echelon form of A will have exactly
A2 − B2 . one nonzero row.

CHAPTER TEST B
1. Find all solutions of the linear system (a) Explain why the system
⎧ ⎫
x1 − x2 + 3x3 + 2x4 = 1 Ax = ⎪⎩ 3⎪ ⎭
−1
−x1 + x2 − 2x3 + x4 = −2
2x1 − 2x2 + 7x3 + 7x4 = 1 must be inconsistent.
(b) How can one choose a nonzero vector b so that
2. (a) A linear equation in two unknowns corresponds
the system Ax = b will be consistent? Explain.
to a line in the plane. Give a similar geomet-
ric interpretation of a linear equation in three 5. Let
⎧ ⎫ ⎧ ⎫
unknowns. ⎪
⎪ 2 1 3⎪ ⎪ ⎪
⎪ 2 1 3⎪ ⎪
A=⎪ ⎪ 4 2 7⎪ ⎪ ⎪
⎪1 3 5⎪ ⎪
(b) Given a linear system consisting of two equa- ⎪
⎩ ⎭, B = ⎪
⎪ ⎩ ⎪
⎭,
tions in three unknowns, what is the possible 1 3 5 4 2 7
number of solutions? Give a geometric explan- ⎧ ⎫
⎪
⎪ 0 1 3⎪
ation of your answer.
C=⎪ ⎪ 0 2 7⎪ ⎪
⎪
(c) Given a homogeneous linear system consisting ⎪
⎩ ⎪
⎭
−5 3 5
of two equations in three unknowns, how many
solutions will it have? Explain.
(a) Find an elementary matrix E such that
3. Let Ax = b be a system of n linear equations in EA = B.
n unknowns and suppose that x1 and x2 are both
(b) Find an elementary matrix F such that
solutions and x1 = x2 .
AF = C.
(a) How many solutions will the system have? Ex-
6. Let A be a 4 × 4 matrix and let
plain.
(b) Is the matrix A nonsingular? Explain. b = 5a1 + a2 − 3a4
4. Let A be a matrix of the form Will the system Ax = b be consistent? Explain.
⎧ ⎫ 7. Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix and suppose that
A=⎪ ⎩ α β⎪⎭
3α 3β a1 − 4a2 − 7a3 = 0 (the zero vector)
where α and β are fixed scalars not both equal to 0. Is A nonsingular? Explain.
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102 Chapter 1 Matrices and Systems of Equations

8. Given the vector where all of the submatrices are n × n, determine

⎧ ⎫
the block form of A−1 .
⎩ ⎪
x0 = ⎪
1⎭
1 12. Let A and B be 10 × 10 matrices that are partitioned
is it possible to find 2 × 2 matrices A and B so that into submatrices as follows
A = B and Ax0 = Bx0 ? Explain. ⎧ ⎫ ⎧ ⎫
9. Let A and B be symmetric n × n matrices and let A=⎪ ⎩ A11 A12 ⎪ ⎭, B = ⎪ ⎩ B11 B12 ⎪ ⎭
A21 A22 B21 B22
C = AB. Is C symmetric? Explain. (a) If A11 is a 6 × 5 matrix, and B11 is a k × r mat-
10. Let E and F be n × n elementary matrices and let rix, what conditions, if any, must k and r satisfy
C = EF. Is C nonsingular? Explain. in order to make the block multiplication of A
11. Given times B possible?
⎧ ⎫
⎪ I O O⎪ (b) Assuming that the block multiplication is pos-
⎪ ⎪
A=⎪ ⎪
⎪ B I O⎪ ⎪
⎪ sible, how would the (2, 2) block of the product
⎩ ⎭
O O I be determined?