A.A, JlawiescKkan XUMY Yue6uur gna o6iyco6pasonarcaLinx yueGupix sasenenni Ww Peromendosano Munucmepemeom o6pazceanus uw nayru Viecpaunee Tleperog c ykpanuecKoro Kuer «TEHE3A» 2007BBK 245721 JZ Peronendosuno Munucmepemoom odpasosanus u nayku Vepaunot (muerte Munuemepemoa obpascoanun we nayiu Srepaure ‘AM 1/11-2199 om 28 anpens 2007 2.) Majano 3a cuer rocyapeTBeHABIX cpeseTB. Dponaxa sanpemena Tleperegeno oc uayanua: Jlamencnna lA, Ximis: 7 ren.t Tigpy4. 209 saranbuoocsir. apy, 3akn. — K.: Peneza, 2007. — 200 c.: in. Axtopcxnii nepenog c yKpanxcKoro Penensentu: O.B. HkosenKo, yIuTeENs VBU Ne 12, 7. POBHO; HO. Omaposoitmosa, yautens nunea «Koner», v. Tosenk; T.&. Cydapeea, Cymexoii o6nacrnoii uneruryT nocne_HTIOMNOTO Tenarormyeckoro o6paaonanna ¥ migpyuuncy posxputo snauenus i mpusabuneicts ximii, pisnona- nitricrh croco6ip mianariin hasxunuMApUrU UBiLy 1a HULU Kpacn, HeaGn- sky yrary upuyinero cbopmyranmo p yunin yMiNE Mparyorati: 3 indop Mallicio, possuTky TRopyAx sziGuocreit. Asrop pasom 3 vurtem ananisve upranen fi Haig xini vinx ABMTL, POSTORIsHe TIPO sAATERHA xiMii AK COIAMbHO SopleHTOBaHol HayKH Ta TE syobyrKM, BeTaNOBMOe MimKTper- merni se’ a1. Jlamercran A.A. JI32 Xumna: 7 wa; Vue6r. qua o6tyeobpasorar. yeu. saneqe- Hun. — K,; Venesa, 2007. — 200 ¢.3 mau. ISBN 978-966-504-636-3 B yueGuare pacyprrrer aatere 1 mprDstoxtaTONL MOOT. nrenrT, paaisobyatite crloco6os nosHAaHMA OKPy2KaloMlero MUpa Ui ero Kpa- coTEI. ABTOP BMeCTe C YYeHUKOM AKANNSMpyer NPATHEEL t cnen- CTBHA XUMHUECKHX sBnenuit, pacckasiisser 0 SHAayeHuUy KIMMEL Kak COMMAJIbHO OpHERLMYOBAHHOM HayKH HM ee JOCTHIKEHHAX, yCTAa- HaRJINDAOT MOS MpOAMOTHEIC CDsAOI, BBK 249721 © Jlamescnan A.A., 2007 ISBN 978-966-504. (pye.) © Magarenscreo «lenesas, IEBN 978 066-604-607-3 (yxp.) vpnvanau-meser, 2007830pascmeyii, VYEHHR! ‘TeGe npencronT H3y4eHHe HOBOTO H O4eH MHTepecHOTo NpezMe- Ta — XHMHH. Upslagenie OcHOBaMH 9TOI HayKH DNOsBonHT Tebe T0- BEICHTE OOMIYIO SpyAUNMO, NYUWe TOsHATE ceo W OKpYKAIOMHH up. Tyresoqnretem, Koropprit Tomoxer Te6e yorennto opHentn- ponatnca 5 YBreNATCAPHON MEIpC XHMHA, CrancT yICOHEK. Sry yueGuyo nuMry Hegocrarouxo MpouTaTL — ¢ Heit HyxcHO cHeTeMaTiueckH nesenanpabeHxo pabotat. O6iiensBecrHo: ToT. KrO VUHTCA caMOCTOATENLHO, nocTHracT OdnLMHx yerlexoB, 1eM TOT, KOMY Bce OOBACHHIU. Pa6ora ec yueOHUKOM OpHeHTUpORaHa HA (popmuporanne TROeM KOMMeTeHTHOCTH (OObaACHEHME CMBICuAa TOL- YePKHYTELIX COB, KOTOPLIe B yLeOHHKe BCTpewaAloTCA BUEPELIC, TLI cMooxelp HaiiTH B TO.NKOROM CHORApUKe) M PasRMTHe MAVIMATHBEI. TIpeioxkeHnble MEAMATEKCYD! Mo MJLUUCTpaILM UroGpasKauT pea- num noscenxesnoii xuisHu u peamHn ucKyccrsa. Anas Hx conep- ®MAHHs# ToMoster TeGe TOCTUTHYTE pasHoo6pasie croco6or o3He- Hust op KAIOMera MupA Here KpacoTy. Brexcre xaokgoro Naparpada, HIMOcTpalMAx HW Sagatax K HUM TI, Dpekye Beer’, AOKeH UckaTb cMEIc. TeGe npUugeTcs BLIZe- JIAT PHABHOe B TeKCTe Maparpata, pashMpaTbcA B comepxKaHHH KH CTpYKType ONpeACeHHii NOHATHI, cpaBHHBATS HK He OCHOBE pas- HBIX HCTOUHHKOB: TekeTa, TAONMUELIX JAHHEIX, [MarpaMM. A ja CHCTEMATHSAILMM sHaHHH Th Gye MCLUbsUBaTb TUGuMibL 1 cxempi. Byb TepnlenHsbim, HacToiuMBLIM B ZOCTEDKCHHE ICI, TIETONLMO NAAKUpyii cpo% HosmTOALHOCTL. Tloqrons worn, Mat KAKI pas OyeM RRILeNHTR TO TIARHOe, "TO CulenVeT VCBOHTE Ha Naparpada. TakHe BLIBOALI nosBosAT tebe OLICTpO MORTOpUTL cOyep»*aHve HSyYeHHOrO MaTepHasia. Tlycr Te6a He cmymaer Gonpiioe KOMMYECTRO saaHHit B TeKCTe KasKorO Daparpada HM oocse Hero. BLinonHAA HX, Th CMO2KeTID UIPHMeHHTE UpHobpereHHble 3HaHiA MU YMeHUA. UopaTi BHUMAaHNe: BANAHMH [WLM BbULUJIKEH HA Tbt BbIGHPAELIb Ha COGCTBEHHUE YOM’ penue. Coctannam wx, A crap \eROCTABUTD TeGe BOSMORt- ooTs iiuponoro ccosnantoro SCORE B yueSuince refe remperures HEMAIN HORKIY CHoR, R UAPTHACTT UHOASEIHOTO IDOMCXO2KLeHUA. SalOMHHATE UX He OOAsATEIBHO. Ho ovenb BaxkHO HAYUHTECA HAXOQUTE Ux OOLACHEHHE B TOJIKOBOM cuonapuke yuebuuka uM py scrounMKax MHpOpHe x Py6puka «Toe noprbomHo» oTKpoer Tee TOpHSOHTLI Ass caMo- BLIpaKeHHA Kak YHUKANLHO TROpYecKow WHuHOCTH. Bexb KaKp 3(Hpocarrieckoe MpolisseqerHe, PHCYHOK, allwuKanua, ckynenry- pa, *pororpaua, cruxoTeopente, ceukan, KpoccBopA, pebyc H yt.) a tbupmy (uncemu, wibGUM, KOMUBOTepHAS Mpesenranus 1 7.a.) Hpencranncnna chenanHoro TL 6yxeum BbIGMparE cam. XUMia DpHETeKaTerbHA ele I TEM, TO ee DOMOMKerHS HW BLIDO- RI YACTO MOXKHO MpPOKepUTH. RNTOTHSS YENMuerKHO OMELET, B yue6uuke ect nevepnerawmne nucrpyxunn K nabopaTopHEIM onbITaM HU Cpakruueckum pa6otaM, sayanuia AIA WpoBepenus po- MaAMKerO XMMHYecKOro akcnepHMeHta. Betyan mparwsia TeXHHKU OesonacHocTu H BEIpaboTait y ceOa HaBLIKH GesonacHoi paborsl c XHMMYECKUMH BelecTBAMH, NocysOli, OOOpyAORARHeM. ITO RAxKHO RC TOJPNO py Nposeqenun yIeOHBIX ULMbIUS, HU MB MUBCEAHEBHOE *KHSHH, Ofpam wemwasue ua Suorpadmueckue enpanur um moprperit yuensix. Ben» Bian KaxkJOre M3 HMX CTan KMpPMMUNKOM R rpaHyH- O3HOM Sa COBpeMeHHO! HAYKH, olemMeHTOM (byHAaMeHtTa Das- BHTHA BLICOKHX TEXHOJOrHit. BHeKOTOpEIx Naparpatbax ects py6prKa «XHMuaA pA sobosHa- TETKHBIXS, ANPCCORAHHAT CeMUKACCHKAM, CTPeEMALYUMCA YrITy- Girre CBOM XAMMEYECKHE SHAHMH I PACLUMpUTh apy, VGexKjena, “ro TLE HMCIO Taxtoit yHCHITK. B cayauusx v neroTopiMm naparpacam sx apegmaraso Te6c cepop- MYJMPOBaTS BONDOC, KOTOPHIe ROsHMKNH y Tes NOCHe usyueNA MaTepHana. Tak Th CMO2KeIIb OMPENeNUTH. YTO SHAELIb HO ¥eM XO- Yell Y3HATE LPM FabHeliieM Usy4eHHu XUMUH. Bexb oreertE! Ha HEKOTOPHIE H3 BONPOCOB THI Hal pelb NOce UsyyeHHA onpenenen- HEIX TEM B CleAYIONNX tylaccax, Copepxanne, UpeyMeTHEtt 1 MMeHHOH yKasaTenu, TONKOBL CHOBAPUK, H COBETHI NO palMOnaNbHOM Oprannsannn yueOHor WeH- TeaLMOOTK MoMOryT Tebe OertrHp0 HeNoDsoBaTS YueGnHN KAW WeTOunMK aH Hut TeM He Meee uw OnMH yue6HMK He crocohen yrornerRopuTH Torpe6uocrs s060sHaTembHOrO yuenka B DosHanun. Ucnonpsyii Auf CaMOOGpasORAaHMA PasHble MCTOUHMKM MROpMaluu (WonomHH- TeabHy!0 nHTepatypy, MutepHer, coo6menua CMU). Yaucp xpn- THUeCKY BOCHPHHUMATE HH(POpMALLH10, IPOBEPATH H OCMEICNMBATE ee. BuipaGarsal cuGcrBennve oTHOenHe K Heli, aprymMenTupyii enoro noorns10, Bro nomome;r Te6e Carp yoremmoli, NUMNIETeHT BUI JITWHOCTEIO, HACTOAINM rpaxksAaHMHOM 1 Darprorom YKpannnl. Slnepo x refs, VURHUK, us venaio refie yernexa AemopBregenne §1. neenert xuvun. TJs EPO HYIKHO H8Y4ATb XMMHIO Tloene usyuenna § | TEI CMoweMtE: ® Haséamb upepnMet xuMEM; © onucamb MecTO XHMHH CpeAH ApyrHx Hay; © 6bicKa3am» cy2Kelue O NPUMereHUM XUMITUeCKH 3HAnMH, = cdesamb 661600 0 COOCTREHHOM NOTpeOwOcTH UsyyaTh XHIMHIO. _. BCnOMHY, KakOe SHAYEHUE UMGIOT SHAHUA O NDMPOAE B KUSH MV !. neatenbHoctu senoBeKa. Sumo ~ eereermernan aayne Dbl yaie sraemip, wun ere cTBeHELIM Haykam orHocar (bnonveckyto reorpaduw, actpoHo- Mulo, UsMy, GHOMOTHIO, ooOnOTHI0 H Apyrue. Ont moytaior oGtecrki uv tBneHus npuposLl. A ure apnaerea npeyMeToMm u3y- weHua xumun? XMMUS HBy4aer COCcTaR, CBOICTBa HK MpeppanjeHua Be- WeCTE, 4 TAKKE ABNCHHS, KOTOPhie COMPOBRORLAWT ITH npespamjenua. . Bcnomnu u3 kypca npupogosepexus: £) + ornmsun npoctpn Bemects OF cnUAHBIA; = cbuauyeckue cRolicrea BeLUCCTE. Fpwrenv npumepet xumuyeckux sanesui R npupone TlopasMbic1uM, Kakoe MecTO 3aHuMaer XUMHA CpefH Apyrux Hayk. Ona o6ecneynBaer ux BelilecrBaMu, MaTepvanamu u CO- BpeMeHHbIMM TexHOOrnamn. HM sMecte c Tem MCMOMb3yeT AOCTH- *eHHA MAaTeMaTHKH, (usHkn, 6uoMOTHH, dKONOTHH ANA CobcT- BeHHOrO AaJbHenINero pasBuTua, Cregonaren.yo, XHMHA — weHTpanbwad, PYHTaMenTanbHas HayKa (pve. 1.1). Ona momo- 5Mequnana Teofiorna | Pence Slnepras { Acrponomua | xuMua | amine et WusnKa Puc. 1.1. Cash xumun ¢ ppyruMn ectecreeHHEIMa RayKAMT vaeT UOKAT OKPyKaronyutt Mp, ONpeyeruTh B HEM Hare Meco uw o6ecneunTb yoroiiunBoe pz He YeUBEUeECTBA. Bee 6omine crnparrca rpannupr MerKazy xuMeei nH ypyrnMn ecrecrnennEmm nayramn. Ha rpamme Hceacgonanuit (buensec- KUX W XUMMUCCKUX ABICHMIi BOSHUKMM PUSUYCCKAS LUMUSL HU maveckas pusuia. Ruorimus —faonormucenas xanaist — ways eT XUMITUECKHH COcTaB H CTpyKTypy coenuHenuit, copepxanyex- Ca B OKMBBIX OpranusMax. Ova cenenver nyTH 4 cnocobp! pery- JAM Hpeepaljennit penjecrE, sxepreruky Uporeccos, UPoHucxo- QALMX BKRETKe UB Opranusme. Teoxumus — Hayka 0 pacupocr- PAHCHHOCTH H MUTpALHH XHMMYECKNXx ayeMeHTOB Ha Bemse. JIMA B Okpystalojem Mupe. XUMHA IpHspaka yqOBseTBO- PATh HYRAHI KAIKAOTO teTOBEeKA H Bcero obUjecTBA. ITO OSHATA- tr, “1U XHMM3 — COTMANbHO OPVeHTHPORAHHaA HayKa. Ona oOecneuHBaer “enoBeyecTBO HOseiiMumu marepuanamu. Xu- lie bya ae Pur. 1.2. Moyennpowanue mMonenyaet THK 6wire Beedenue MHA CO3faeT HOBLIC MCTOUHMKH HM akKYMYNSTOPEI 9Heprun, uso6peraer uvicrble H Gesonacubie TexHonorun. [porpecc mequ- IHHbI HW 84paBooxpakeHUA — STO pellienHe npobsem GonesHeli, neKapers, WHIM a XHMHYCCKOM ypoBHe. Kunoverce Haupanienne passurmn xumun ~ xumuvecKnud cunmes. Tepmun scutes’ rpeseckoro nporcxompenna m oata- aor «coomusTL, cOnMryarL>. TEr Tose MOMOME ocymecTRATL croeo6paanniti evrres, eobupan, RanpuMep, 12 B.0KoR Lego Mo- nenb MOneKysb! ansHH — ILHK (pune. 1.2). Ke vawkanpunie cBOiicTBa, IpMMeHeHMe HM OTPOMHOE SHAYeHHe TH M3yUMIIh Ha ypokax oprasmueckoi xumun “ 6MonOrMH. XuMHYecKHit CHHTeS AeaeT XHMHIO TBOPYeCKOH HayKoi H npHOnmKaer K ucKyceTRy. Bexb B Uponecce cunTesa XHMUK pyKO- ROVHT TORETERHEM ATOMOR H MOTeKYT — YACrH4eK, KOTOpHIE Ges HpHMEneHua CHeLMaIEDLs TpnGopos YesoneK yBHZeTD He Momer. AvToMio MOneKyIApHan apxurerrypa (cTpoeHne) HOBEIX cunmresuporaLnEix coequneniii (puc. 1.8) GeckoHeuHo pasHoo6- pasna. Tak 2xe pasHoobpasHb! ux CBOMCTBA. a CHETOBATeENbHO. H npHMenenne. Noaynaii v oGesxcHu, Ha 4TO NOxOKa cbopma moneKynb! GakmuHc- Tepdynnepexa. Npeanoxu cece HaseaHue ANA BTOrO BeEWWeCTBA. Benomnu (cm. npenucnorve), Kakve ucTodHuKun uxdopmaumn MOXHO MCNONb3sOBaTb AIA CamooOpasoBanua. Y3Hai, Tae vc- NonbsyloT MaTepvianb! Ha OCHOBE cbynnepeHos. Puc. 1.3. AvoMHO-MoneKyJApHAA apAMTEKTYDa HOBbIX CHATESHPOBAHHEIX COe- TREAT HECKOEKO HeoxvgaHna. 1. Moneryna Gakmuncrepdpysmepera (Ha- sBAHHe MOsIeRY7bi SaNIOMMRATE HeO6ABETENEHO) COCTOHT 13 60 aroMon yrnepo- 2. Y HAL LE CBU CLS TU! U BELECTBE LUM POKU MCHIUDSY IOLA, Ganerss Haynu u rexnuEn. 2. Anpeti [enuenxo c 3on0TEm MstuoM 7Puc. 1.4. BeNeHas» SHepTeTMKA OCHOBSIBALTCH Ha JOCTIOKEHMALX CUBLEMUH- noit asm: 1, B orex GaTapeax comneunan 9Hepran Tpespauyacres B anexrprvecyro. 2. DkonoriyeckH wCToe roprouce (6uoqusenb) BEIPAGaTEI- RAIOT W3 PACTHTEMbABIX MACET (PATCUBOPO, COPBOPO, TaJIbMOBOTO, OTpabo- TAHHEIX HOACOMHeMHONO, OSMBKORONO). 3. Pane — cbIPLe [UIA MSPOTORIEHUS GuogusenbHoro roprovero Bemecrso — ToNBKO mpenwiecTBeHHHK MaTepuana. Ilostomy Bagabue XUMUYeECKOZO0 mamepuanosedenun — HayuuTs Berte- crso paboTaTb Kak MaTepHad, ONpepenuTb ero XapakTepHCTHEN HM rpaHuilbl IpHMeHHMOCTH. Basktnoe Halipabnenve pasBuTuA COBpeMeHHO XUMUK — yn- PACREHLE XUMUXECKUML MPOYLCCUME, UCOJbSUBAHE Ys MA peryuinpusannn xumericenux cbantopos n dbueruecrex DooACiT- erp. A rexuonormucernuit qusaiin, wuarue sHeprosATpaTRt, RBICO- Ky10 besonacHOocTh M aKONOrM4ECKY!O YHCTOTY MTpomecca MpoHs- HOMCTBA NONAHA OOeCHCUNTL XUMUYECKAA MexXHONOZUA. Tipeamer xumuxeckot, snepzemuku — paspaborKa BbICOKO- atbtbektuBHbIx cocobos npecOpasoBaHuA OABHX BHAOB Heprun B Apyrue, Cosfaune sHeproeMKHx MaTepHanos fst HakoneHiA H XpaHeHHst 9Heprunt OCHOBEIBAeTCH HA JOCTHIKEHUHX COBPEMEH- Hui xuMnuecKol HayKn (pue. 1.4). Tiporpece xnnaricckoro maTcpHanoncyonust WH KHMIMICCKOIt TexHONOTUN HeposmMomken Ges HayexHOl xumuweeKot, ananu- muxu. (ov rpesecKoro enora, osnayartollero «pasnomeHnes ) H OU- aznocmuxu. (nO-rpeyecKH 970 OBHataeT « oe Beedenue meKTHBAaMH pasBuTuA. Bex, 31a o6nacTb ccseyyer xuMUYeC- KMe acHeKTh! NPOUCKOKNeHMA IKMSHM, MayyaeT xuMuYECKHE Hponecchl, UpOucxoAAIMe BKHBEIX Oprannsmax (puc. 1.5). cs Dopaamatcnu, xoren GH TH ynoTpeGnsTb R nuly reHeTMYeCKH 1\” Moamdbuuuposarineie (TpakcreHHEle) npoAYKTEI. Onpepenu, yero He xBaTaeT TeGe ANA BbIGOPa COBCTBEHHOM NOsuyMN NO sToMy Bonpocy. Coiiuae onuum ua npuopurernnix nanpaaneHmit mrenenoRa- Hui B XUMHN cTANA COacTh. KOTOpYIO HasBasH 3eneHan XUMUK (puc. 1.6). Pew uzer 0 XuMMUMecKHX Mpomeccax, KOTOpEIe ocy- TecTRIAIOT B YCHOBNAX, 6AarONpMATHBIX [LIA YeNOBEKA M OKpy- aloe cpexbl. OTo MpenycMarpuBaet, Mperpe Bceero, BAYM- UMBLI OTOOp HCxXOMHEIX MaTepHason H Wporeccon, KOTOpEle MH- HUMHSHpyOT UNM ROOOMIe UcKTOUAIOT UCMObsoBAHe BpeL- HBIX BELECTB. Hanpumep, nospacnnem enexobnoii obeprku mp obmzan soumrue. Hayausit corpyqumn cmyxGrr cennexoxossiiorners- HBIX HCCnenoBAHN arPpoHOMHYecKoro ynpassenna CIITA Tapa Max-I'byo nenonb30Baia JocTHKeHHA COBpeMeHHO xUMMH. Ona usobpena obeprKy, cIpecconaHHy! H3 BbICOKOKOHILeHTPHpo- BAHHOTO HOAOOBONIHOTS uM M000re Apyroro nope. Xumusec- xa oO6paborka Npuyana obeprKe NpounocTs H rHOKOcTH. Ubept- Ka IpegorTBpaljaer Aoeryt BOSTyxXa K MHIeREIM MpoyyKTam, HO He OYeHb ycruiunBa K YeierBHro BOs. Ona Hage2KHo coxpanA- er NpopyKTLI B XOMOPMUALUNKC, OALODpeEMCIMO sIDNSTCL OKDHDA sontom tbpyrron, arog, onomreit. K romy 20, B ormitusre or amo- MHAMeROM WIM WAACTHKOBOM YHAKOBKU, pasnaTaeTcA MuKpoop- TaHUSMaMH B OKpy2talolltel epene. Puc. 1.5. Kanna soro: Tparrercrnnie Texaro0ren TenoomontnL Ges qocrmxenuit cospementoit xumun 9Puc. 1.6, «3enenas xumus»: 1 —usroroRnenne erexoOHoit OCepTKH B xa6opaTopan; 2— campon sacncnott xaMnH; 8 — eLcno6tas oGeprrta — RKYCHAR, Tonearian, akonorsacckKH sHeTAs NopasmewM nv OObaGHY, MULyT JM GbenoGHEIe OGepTKU same- 2) hme Apyruc BHALI ynaKOBOK AVI NMWEBEIX NPOAYKTOB. YaHaii © MREHANUATM BAXKHEMLUMX NPMHLIMNAX «3eNneHO XMM», BOCNONbSOBABLUMCE AOCTYNHBIMU MICTOUHMKaMM UHopmaln. Jinx “ero mymme wsyaare xumrro, Item venonena B conpe- Mcnlom MEpe epost eroprunnomy MHoroGopLto. Cuopremery- muoro6opny Heobxopumo ymer: xopouro Gerark, Maran, thexro- RATh, CTPCIATh, e8TUTb ReEPXOM 7. 1. A 3TO HEBOSMOMHO Ges rapMoHHYecKoro (pHsHUeCKOTO pasBuTuA. PaspuTHe UH TeNIeKTAa TaKIKe HEBOSMOMHO Ges 3HAnMi B pas- HbIx OGnactax. YMeHHe BHZeTS EMHHCTBO DPHposbl H HAaXOAuTS CBASH MEMKAY ee ABICHHAMK H YeMOBeUCCKOH FeATeMEHOCTEIO — ocHoBa rapMoHMYecKoro yMcTReHHOTO pasBuTHH. CooGpasu- VeJLbHOCTh, YMEHHE COPMEHTMpOBATLCA B OKpyKarwilel pelicT- DHTCALUOCTH, HpaDHALICe TOMKODANHe ce MpoABreHMt yemALoT meroReKa KonKYyperTocnocoGuLin x yerenrH AIM VUsyuernne xumun nomoraer nosbicnTb obity!0 apyaunnlo, a TaBhoe, AVUNe NOsHaTL cobs H OKpY2xaloulait Mup. Lem Gomb- me uenOReK 3HaeT, TeM GombIle CTpeMUTCH K JasibHeiinieMy nO0- sHaHuto. HM tem meHbIe onacHocTh HaHecru Hemonpasumpiit yujep6 cBoemy sq0poBbl0 un OKpy aloe cpeze. »». Boxpyr 1 BHYTPH Hac MHOXKCCTBO NOMCSHLIX HW OPCALILIX BCLUCCTB. JD) O6nacuu, aykHo nu aHaHie xiumun CrpauTendo, RNayy, xypHanuc- Ty, AOMOXOSANKE UT. A. 10ow Beedenue Tlogreyem mrorn Xuma usysaet cocran, cBolicTBA H MpespallleHusi Be- HIeCTR, A TAKIKe ABCHHA, KOTOPHIe COMPOBOK[awT stv tipespanjenus. XUMHA — PyHAaMeHTasbHad ecTecTReHHAH HayKa, KOTU- paw 3aHUMAaET LEHTPAasIbHOe MECTO CpeAH ApyTHX nayit. Hoyacrme xumiit romoracr HOPLicuTL O6mIyI0 Spy mu, Meamoe DraRHoe — nyume roanATE ceha NKpYyKATONIM MMp. SuaHue ocHoB XHMHH HeoOxoqHMO KaxKTOMY WMBMIM30- BaHHOMY YeNOBeKy. (el) Menmactrpanwuka He nomkaneens mu TH yeunnit Ha vay 4eHne XHMHH, UsGepelitb JH MpocheccHl0, cBASaHHYHO c He, — pemare Tebve. HyxHo nu TeGe vayyath xumuio? Npoadanusnpyii comepxaHue ! OTPbIBKa M3 CTaTbU U4 OrIpeesU CBOe OTHOLUEHMe K NPOGNeMe BbI- Gopa monopbim 4enoBeKxom Gynyuien npodeccun. KTO HA VCIOPHKA, KIO HA XAMNKA? Tak yox cuy4naoen, YT0 B RaBueM CHOpe Meakay dbuoMEane 1 pH KaMH — KTO BaskKHee ~ Y HaC BLIMTpadt SKOROMECYb! M WpHC TL. Cun QsIPHOCTH, NOTOPHIC HMCIOT PLITIOTIYTO CTONMOCTL 1 Oo TEAAPUELO BPE Me PapaHTHpPORA iM PPANKRY! ROAMORHOCTH yeTpOMTHCA Ha paboty. Cerogiia ceppestio sarobopHiM 0 +epenpousBoACcTBes STUX CHelManne- tos. Ho popnresn, 2abaw COBETHI JeETAM, CTOAIIMM Hepes HeNerkuM BEIGOpOM Npoeccnm, Taye Beero He peKOMeHAYIOT NCTOPH, XUMMW, (pMIOOLHO Missa LULU, LeU CAUAHU YeLPOITEDEA Ha paGoTy mo CHEM ATLHOCTH, ja If SApNIATEL BECLMa CKPOMHEIC. Cepeska c netcrsa Medtan cTaTb HCTOpuKOM. On «nporsaTEipan Bee KHHrU O Bropoii muposoii Rone, KOTOPbIe TObKO yaBbasOCb 1O- cTaTb, YYACTBOBAIL B WIKOUUBIX OJMIMITHE Jax TO HCTOPHH, TOpstJo C110- PUI co SHATOKAMM Ha ROERHO-HeTOpHYecKHx (opymax. Hu poawrest orrpanrisin cro BoKonoMMceratii pyo. «Toon npodeecns: AouwnEa Ter Tipoxopmurrns , — GexaniensstT|HOHHO HAABHUI OTELL. Vanrenbinna XHMun He Morya HaxBanuTEes Mpoii. «Vg Hee nosiy- quTen Gnecraljnii yIeHbiii», — saxBYJia OHA POAMTEIAM ACBOUKH, a B orper yosmmana: «Jla xomy om ceituac Hy2KHEI?!> Tlocne BEInyCRHOTO Apa wow yaurpcx Ka nporpaMMncta, Kak Mt MHOrHe ee OAHORNACCIH- rn, Sammmariost Gs10 enosero 1 eryuno. Crygentia Grienpo Tepsna mETepec k yuebe... 11a * SxQutom gu fa TO HEBLIAYMaHHble UCTOPAM ws *KHEHM. Rakyio Upomeccaw spl 6par — mpcerscnyro mu Ty, 1 KoTOpoii meaT YHA? UTo BarcHee — genpry vii wobnmoe nero? TakuMu Boupocamm sanaeTcK CeroansA Kaxguii ykpaunekuii semycknuk. A Bp orret — HaBsigaHHOe KeM-TO TIpPOTHBOHOCTABeHMe «MOHO — HEMOAHO?.,. Hemoguo 6prrb apxeono- TOM: KTO OMNAaTHT Tebe Ce30H PACKONOK HOBOTO 'TeHOUTUTIAHA HH Mo- xcnysu-Jlapu? Demugne Gore dtnucorbom: noro mrtepecyror TRON rc- HIAJIBHEIe TeOpun, ees ga HEX Jake METH He KYNMIEE mO6uMoli je syurke? Hemonno mpith nDOOMDKM M BOSMTECA C MEITAMH B 1abopaTo- pan ykpasxcKkoro HMM. Ho nccnegonanns-ro npososKaroTes, KH ecin Bee BOKpy? CTaHyT MeHe”yKepamn — KTO GygeT oTH MpobUpKH MEITE? Ko nso6perer sekapersa or paxa 4 CHMJla? Kvo upnaymaer Hoby1o rcopimo Becacrmoii? Kro oGuapyatur parece nenspecrntie mapasent MeXK JY JPEBHOCTHIO HW CoBpemeHHOCTHIO? Braronaps KoMy. HakOHeLL. Mp CHopa OTKPOET JVIst CCOA HAY THEI M AyXOBHEIii NoTeHHMaT Hamel cTpaHpl? Tio June Kocmouxunoa Iipumenu con 3Hanus HW yMeHHs 1. Hagzoev npegmer xumun. 2. Onuwy MeCTO KUM Cpemy JIpyrux HayK. 9. Aprinean npimepyi npodcccnit, ANA KOTOpLX, Mo THOCMY MIC HIND, HYSKHEL PRYBOKMe XUMMUeRKe RHAHUA 4, OGocnyi, HyKHbI NY XMMU4eCKUe 3HAHUA F019M, 4YbU Npodec- CNM He CBxsaHbI HENOCpeACTBEHHO Cc xuMueN. Cenkan Xumus. Vntepecnas, pasHoo6pasnas. Mpvenexaert, o6yyaer, cunTesupyer. 3xaHns xumuyeckune ka@>kZOMy HyKHBI. Hayxa. lak vszooOpa3sunn uw onvucanu XuMMIO TBOM POBECHMKM. Kako BULB Anmuio ret? TpomnnocTpnpyii Geol ssrnan Ha oTy HayKy. 12, Beedenue § 2. NIPABHJIA TIOBEEIIMSI ¥ TALIM XCSI B XHMHUECKOM KABHHETE. OBOPYJIOBAHHE KABHHETA XMMHM Vi JIABOPATOPHAA TIOCY A Hoene uayuenus § rR emomente: @ Haséamb OcHOBHoe O6opyfopanue KaOHHeTA XHMHH, J1a- OopaTopHy!o mocyAy; @ co6modam» NpaBuna ToBexCHHA B XUMUIeECKOM KaGuHeTe. . BcnomHu npaBuna BEINONHEHUA ONbITO 110 |IpupO/OBEEHUNO. Nopasmpicnu: 4) BOSMOOKHO JW lONHONeHHOe May4¥eHne xuMun Bes npoBeneHviAa onbitoB; 6) novemy kaGunet xumun — KaGNHET NoBbIWeHHOM ONacHOCTH. ‘WrobsI GesoracHo H stpipekTHBHO pabotaTs B KAOUHETe XHMMH,, BHIYUH HEY KJIUHHU BBLLUA HOE NPABUIA NOBEAEHUA YYALLIAXCA B XAMUYECKOM KABUHETE 1. Reon n xummeckui KaGuHetT Hm nabopaHTCKYH KoMHa- TY TOJbKO C paspellleHHA YUMTeA. 2. Bequ ce6a cnoxoiiHo, wro6h He ONpOKHHYyTh XMMMYeEC- KY} Hocysly, mpnGopsi, cocyAbI c peakTHBAMH. 8. PariHoHasbHO opraHH3ayli cRoe pabouee MecTO, He 3arpo- mow ali cTON NMITHHMH TipesmMeTamn. 4. Bepesxuo ornocice k o6opyfoBanni Kabunerta. 6. Tongcpmnsait tcrory 1 mopsjor. 6. Buona onerret TOABKO 10 MECTpykKnuM u yKagannam yuurens. 7. Mepes nayanom pabotel mpopepp HanHIHMe HeoOXOAuMO- TO OGOpyAOBAHHA [IH OTBITOR M Wpopymaii HocneyoBa- TEJIbHOCTh BHINOJHEHHA KaKAOTO HS HHX. 8. Padoraii cuaa, THXO, OLICTpO, HO Ges WHHeM cyeTEI. 9. Heodxogumeite 3anucn B TeTpagH feral cpasy 2e uocie BBLIULHEHAS ULLbE Ta. 10. Co6monait npannsa 6csonacioroe NOALBSOBAaNHS BOAOMpPo- BOOM, PA20M 1 seKTpUUEeCK UM TOKOM. 11. Bsiacnn, rye x KaGyHete pasmeleHb arredka H mpoTHu- Borloskapubie epencTsa (puc. 2.1). Haysck WomEs0parE- CA UMM B CAyYae HeEOOXORMMOCTH. 13Pue. 2.1.1. Burkonsnoit xmarieckoit nabopatopun. 2. BaaKw, YKaSpIBAIOLIME MeCTOHAXOHMeHHE AllTeUKK VW MIPOTHROTOKApUBIX CpeycTe Noscxu cmbicn uz06paxcHHurx Ha pucyi ike 2.1,2 nkdopmativon- HEX 3HaKoB. Bcnomuy, Kakve npeametsl na6oparopHoro o6opynosakns n sa- SoparopHyto NocyAY Tb MCnONbsoBaN Ha ypoKax NpupomoBese- Hus. Hasogu npasyina oOpaujexua c Huu. \ OGopynonanue KaGynera xumun om aa6opaTopnan mocyza. ‘Yro6ni osHakomuThes ¢ nahoparopHoit mocyzoii Ha mpaxruxe, BEUIOJIHUM HeCROJBKO IIpocTErx lelicrBuit. CHayana rpurerorum, PaCTROP XOPOMO HsBecrHOH TeOe B MOBCeAHCBHOM WtH3HH MuTHE- Boli compl. Ke xuMuyeckoe nasBaHue — ruapoKap6onatT Harps. Dozymaii, MoxxHo nu no XuMMHeCKOMy HaSBaHVIO S101 0 CURLIMHEHVA ONPEPLNUTe, KAKI XUMUUOCKG SNEMOHTE! BOAT D Cro cocTaD. Pasorpem murpenyt0 comy 8 Topomok. Jn usMenBuenus 1 pacTupaHHs TBepALIX BEIeCTB MCHOMDsyI0T cmynKYy ¢ Necmu- kom (puc. 2.2,1). \. Cryna W nicer usBecTHD TeGe Vi 3 NUBGEWHEBHU KUSH, Uns a chonbknopa: «...Cugut gen crapeti4, Soposa B apuink; OH CHAMT B CTYNE, X*KENESHbIM NCCTOM NoroHAeT, a MeTAO cnen RaMeTAeT» (Ckaska «sauika - Mengexte Yuko»). BCNOMHU, Kak Ha3bIBaloT NpeAMeTE! yKPAMHCKO KyXOHHOM yTeapM — aHanorn crynKn u HeUika. O HUX MI 8aradky ChOXxUAM: «UTeU 43 Neca, MaTb C 6aga- pa, a ACTH Ms Oropona (puc. 2.2, 2). Rapofupry © nomonyes6 rurareag nomeerum HeMnoro mHTEC Boi combi (puc. 2.3), pacreproit a eryriKe. 14Becdenue be, — aaa Puc. 2.2. 1. Victonbsoranne nabopatopHoit CTyNKU ¢ TecTHKOM. 2, Ypannckan KyxonHan yTBapb Puc. 2.3. 1. Waras ¢ npo6upkamn. 2. Marbesaa (nmenas) cona, uumavenk. 3. UT0op MHTEEBOH ComEI B MpooHpKy wMiaTenem Puc. 2.4.1. Tpompask1 ncnoapsytor 218 NpoMprBaniisi ocazKOB, OTOMACKMBAHUS TOCYBI, NOUMRAKWA KM AKOCTEM MasibIMH 03aMH 10 ompefenenuoro o6tema. 2. Tepememmmante xvaKocTH 1 TREpZOrO BELeCTBA & NpOOMpKE /1, Onpesenn user nutbesoi conti. Honpem 1 cofe bony 43 npomecannu (puce. 2.4,1). Boaemem mpoSupry 8 nepyi0 pyry Tpems nanznann Guise 1 oTREpeTMO (pc. 2.4,2). Ocroposxno mocTy4aHM yKasaTenDHEIM fMatbileM 15Puc, 2.5.1. Xvmmrueckue crakaHbl MCIOMbSYIOT AI BHIONHEHHA MpOCTsix ombrToR. 2. CTONOREI yKCyC — ROAHBIM PacTPOp YKCYCHOM KACIOTEI. 3. Tepemmamne yieyea 10 xemrracenoro crane n mpobrprty mpazoii pyku To HuxKHeli dacTH MpoOUpKH, crerka BCTpsXUuBAA ee Takum o6pasom 10 TosHOrO pacTBopeHHA COpbI. & Onpejenu per pactBopa nuTbeBO! Copel. Terepp sospmem GyTBIIKy co cTonoBbIM yKcycom. Hs Kypca pHpoyoreyenusa Te6e u3RecTHO, UTO yKcyc — BOAHEI pacTBop ykcycHoii kucnorn. HaJibem yKcyc 8 xumMUYecKUL emaKaH, a OT- TY/a llepexbeM HeMHOTO STOIi KUAKOCTH B Ipooupry (pu. 2.5). Onpegenu get ykcyca. _3\ Hasosn apyrve cBolicTea ykcvca. usBecTHEie Te6e us noBce- AHEBHON >KUSHK. OGbsAcHH, No KaKHiM NPMsHaKam MO%XHO OTNMYMTb YKCYG OT BOL. C nomompr0 epadyupocannex cmaxanoe 1 Kon6 MOOKHO OF MepHRaTH KHTKOCTH OTTpeneneHHOTO OfheMA- Tenepb WPOKHNATHM HSMeNbYcHHYIO KpacHoKouariyio Kallyery 1po@usETpyeM MosyueHHblit pacrBop (puc. 2.6). Ina HarpeBa IKMAKOCTeM B NaGopaTOPHBIX YCNOBHAX TCHOMb3syIOT XHMHYeCKHe CTaKaHbI M KpyYPT0qOHHEIe KonOsI. & Onpegenu upet oTBapa KpacHoKo4aHHOii KanyCTEl. Ao6anum K MpotbunpTpoBanHomy oTBapy (usETpaty) HeMHO- ro emmpra. & OGacuy, ans vero B naGopatopuu ucnonbsyior nuneKH. obaBuM 110 HecKoNEKo Karlems NonyueHHOrO aKcrpakra (oT TarMHcKoro cmora extractum — «MaRneveHHoe>) B MpOOupKU co 16Bevdenue Puc. 2.6. 1. KnacHokouarnas Kanyera. 2. Usmenbuenne. 3. Msrorosnenne orrapa. 4. DubrpoBanHe orBapa. 5. LoGannenne manerKott cnmpra A ae 1 p 2 3 4 Puc. 2.7. PesynbraT j00aBsleHA oKCTpAKTa KpacHOKOVaHHOM Karrycrbt (1) B TIpOOMpKU CO CTONOBEIM YKCYCOM (Z), KUCTIULIMpORARHOA BOOM (3) H pacrBopom mTLenoit conu! (4) eronorn™ yKeycom, mMeTurmpoRanHon (neperHaHHoit) BomoTt Wi pacTBOPOM MHTHERO! coms! (puc. 2.7). 17Puc. 2.8.1, Cmeumpasue 1rbenoii compl ¢ yKCycoM. 2. OUbIT ¢ BUYYTIMBIMH WapHKaMA Benomnu v3 Kypca npuponoreneHua KnaccuduKalmio aancHuia Ha dusnueckue u xumuyeckne. O6bACHH, Kakve M3 VCCNeAOBaH- HbIX HAMM ABNeHUA — xuMMuecKue. Tlo oxonuanum onpita nomoem nocysy- f) Noacnn, ana sero B naSopaTopun McnonbsyroT epwnKn. Onn ut Te 2Ke BeIeCTBA MOXKHO HerOM_SOBATE Ast mpoBeye- HMA pasHElx OnLiToB. Hanpumep, foubeM B XUMMueCKHii cTakaH c mmMTBeBOH Copo HemHOrO yKcyca (pue. 2.8,1). OG6uacnnH, noviemy CMecb BCneHMNack. ! Hazosv opvanak, KoTOpRii yKaabinaAet Ha xuMuyeckyIin NNupony uccneayemoro seneHva. Tis nposeyennn OHOLO TOL IKE UILbITA MOZKHU HUNOJLbS0- BaTb pasHoe naGopatopHoe o6opyszoBaHHe H Mocyzy. BamonHHM STO? ONLI, HOTIOALOYA MepHLIc HIHNAPLI ¥ DOSAYIIHEIe map eu (pyc. 2.8, 2). R mepamie twamsyipp! Hannem yreye. A RByTpR BOSMYIUHbIX IWa4PHKOB MOMecTHM IIMTbeBy!O COLy. Hazenem ma- PHKH Ha MepHEle WMIMHAPEI. IpunoxzBuMem WapuKH Tak, YTO- Obi THTBeBAS copa BbICbIMNANaCh B MeCPHbIe WHJIMApbi M CMelia- Jlach ¢ yKcycom. O6pasytommiica B pesypTaTe XHMHGECKOH pe- 18row Beedenue aAKMM yrneKucnbiii ras MOcTeneHHO HaTIONHUT WapHKH, MU Mx o6beM yReJIMUHTCA. BuumaTenbHo pacCMOTpH BO3SAYWHEIe WapuKu 4 Comepxumoe MepHbIx LWunnHapos. Nowemy o6LeMbl WapvkoB paskbie? Npuse- AM He MeHBUe ABYX OOBACHEHMIA STOFO HBNEHMS. A muxkno oGo%#rnep 4 Ges AnMNUEU- Kon HocypI (prc. 2.9), mponegzA omLir nog oTmpuriim ueGom. Harpumep, emaye mu pORATS. HaRepeHve RY.NEAA. OTOT OMbIT HYKHO BLINOMHATE, Haylee 3aNjMTHEIe OUKH, MOA mpu- cMOTpOM B3pocAbrx! Ha semato cnegyer mom02KHTD 110- DHOSTHIICHOBY!O IWIeHKy (MO%KHO He- TONBSORATH MeLUOK LH Mycopa). Ha Hee MOMeCTHTb W1acTHKOBY1 GyTbut- ty ¢ mHTLCDOH cosoi. Byriimty ¢ co moti waygo Upucnmarh rowRol aK, uTo6pI O6pasonascA KOHYC. B orseperue 6yTEIIKM HYIKHO Ha- JUITh yKcye Mt GricTpo oToiiTH Ha Ges- Puc. 2.9. «Xumuueckstit ollacHoe paccTosHHe — [Ba-TpH MeETpa. —_—RYJIKAH» 13 THTBEROTT COMBE Jlocne OKoHIaHHA «HsBepKeHus a ykeyua BYIKaHa» YAACTOK, HA KOTUPUM Upu- NUWMWIM BKCHEpUMENT, HeooxopMMe THIATEMDHO yOpatE. >. OGbACHH: \ a) ana 4ero nop Mopenb BynKaHia NOACTMNAIOT NoNMETUNCHOByIO mneHky; 6) novemy SKCNEPUMCHITATOP HACK SALYMTHBIC O'KH; 8) novemy spuTenu Hafiningaior 2a xo;OM Onna YananeKa: 1) YTo HyXHO CAeNaTe Nocne OKOHYAHUA aKCrIepUMcHTa. ® Tloqpeyem uToru Ka6nner xumun oTHOCHTCA K KabwHeTam MOBbILIeHHOIt onacnoctu. Ilostomy HeoOxomHMo HeyKNOHHO npHyepsKu- BaTECs MpaBuI HOReAeHUA B XMMUUeCKOM KaGHHeETE. Yro6bi 1paBvibHOo H GesomacHo BbINOMHATD OFBbITHI, HAO BHAaTb HasBaluA WH HasHaueHve MpeyMeToR NabopaTopHoro obopyA0BaHHA 1 NocyABI. 19Puc. 2.10.1 — xunueckuii craxan, 2 — Kpyraogormos: rosa, 3 — nommocnas Kona, 4—mpotupra, 5 — npofixa c rasoorKonnoit Toy6KOlt. 6 — nmerka, 7 — mepHEtit gumtmap, 8 ~ ciupToras ropeska, 9—soponka, 10 — creknanmea Ganka qn xpanenns peaxTHpon, 1l—umarem, 12~ crekmmmko, 13 — pecel, 14 — wrens jun upoGupur, 15 nonera agst crmmannst nenyectr, 16 — pepxxerens aia mpotupor, 17 - crynka c necrukom, 18 — Tepmomerp, 19 — THYenLHLIe DYHIIEI, 20 - capdoporsiii peyronbumk, 21 — creKusiHHaK NasouKa, 22 — KpHcTas- mmsaTop, 23 — Tpenomnmk, 24 — Tpompreamka, 2) — Mapcpoporas warka ©. Tipumenn ceov 3HaHus 4 yMenua 4. Cpasnu c o606uleHHbIM nepedHeM (pic. 2.10) xMMHNeCKyIO nocyay u na6opatopHoe oSopyAoBaHue, ynOMMHaBLMeCA B TekcTe naparpaca. Haan otnnuna. Z. XMMUYECKHE CIOXKETH BAOXHOHIIHO! XYLWOKHUKUS. HasuBy xV- muyeckylo Nocyny, KOTOPYIO O1M M30Gpasunn (puc. 2.11). 20beeoenue Pue. 2.12. Mepusie yusxungpet 2. Onpeneni 060m cont, KoTOpLIi ConepxatTen B MEpHEM™ UY- suHppax (pic. 2.12). wt ‘Taoe noptdommo Jimepatyprisii report pacckasos copa Aptypa Koran oiins, DeTeKTUB BUKTOPMaHCKON NOX LUepnoK XosIMC CTan nepBLIM BbIMDILIIEMMbIM JITEpaTyPNbIM NepcoraxKeM, NONyYMDWHM TH Tyn nlouetHoro npoceccopa. B JloxjoHe Koponerckoe xumnuec- koe O6UECTBO O6HaponoBaNo#Z2aKENeHVe O TOM, 4TO LUepsoK 213x Gutoy Gus Xone — nepebii/, KTO NpesioxKun veto UCNONb3OBaHNA XYMIU B pacenenosain npectynienui. Tak, 8 O3HaMeHOBaHVe COTO TOOBLINHI CO AHS BbIXOfa B CBET KHTM Korat Zoinn «CobaKa Backepsmneii», LWepnoka Xonmca «HasHauunv> MOVETHbIM 11po- geccopom KoponexcKuro xumuseckoro O6ulecTBa, coobuyuno Gy-Gu-Cu (oxra6pe, 2002). Apryp Konan Jiniins e psine paccka30B (B YACTHOCTH, B «OTIO- ne B BarpoBbix ToHax») onvean xuMMueCKylO FaBopaTopnio Wep- loa XOJIMCA M1 ONbITbI, KOTOPbIE OH NpoBoAMA. Mo MaTepwanam aTvx NpOMsBeAeHMA NOATOTOBb NPEseHTAaLWMIO «LepsiOK-xMUK». Ccbopmysmpyii COBETHI BENMKOMY CbILUMKY, HCXOAs! 43 Mayer Hix NpabW NOBeAeHMA YYeHHKOB B KaGUHETe xXMMU. § 3. KeATKME CBETEHMA 13 HCTOPHM XUMUM Tloene usyuenns § 3 1pi cmomem: ®Has6ame VicTOKH XHMNCCKNX SHAH; eo6uacnume MponexomrpeHiie cHORa exuNTUs 2; eonucame saxneiiiine aranbl pasBuTHA XHMMA; esnickasamb CyKMeHMe OTHOCHTENLNO MCTOPHM PasBuTuA XMMMYeCKHX SnAHHit. Orkyza npovsomsa xuvua. KumMun nmeer usuiinOe Mponc- xo geHne. Ke Kopin — 6 CrapHHHbIx pemecmax 1 pusocodernx upencrasnennax [[pesrero mapa. Ocropoii Ana Hakonmerns (bantHyccroro MarcpHama 8 XUMMIL 6rina pasnoohpasHnie De- meena. Ilpexqe ecero, npousKoncTso creKsIa H KepAaMHKM, Me- vannypras, dapMaina 1 maphbioMepyg, Monyuenue KpacuTeneit nm TexHHKa Kpalenua. [ins mepepa6orku opranMueckux Be- jecTs HCHOME3OBAaAIH 6poxenne. ‘Tem He MeHee, HesabHcHMo OT HpakrmuecKkoro NpuMeHeHHA DosyseHHEIx sHaHHH, “wenoBeue- CTRO CTPeMMNOCh MOCTHUb OKPyKaroujM MUD. 9TO UOYCLUBMLU pasenrne TeoperHeckux npegcTabienuit Amman. Yro me OsHayaeT cHUBU «xummne? Haspamne «xumaas buepspie npamennnn 6 J[penucm Eranre pss OosHaueHua «eRa- menHoro Taiiliore uckyceTBa> spenoR. Cumraror Take, UTO eTO HasRanue mpomcxonuT oT ApeBHeerMMeTCKOrO ci0Ba «chemi» nam «chumas. osHavatomero «tepHosem >. Crpana Xe- wn — HaspaHHe JIpesnero Erunra. Sromy cosy coorBetcTByet aaraHcKoe «humus», v. e. «semi» (BCOMHE 3 Kypca NPApo- joBefenna, UTO TaKoe ryMyc). Buaienne APCBHErpetecKOTO CIOBA «XHMOC> ~ «COK». A «xn- Ma», HJIN ¢xXIOMa, MepesosaT Kak «urbe (a TAKIKEe sNOTOKy, «pekas), Mpoussuynve or aroro crono «kMMepeHCs OsHAIAeT 22Beeodenue Puc, 3.1, Kpuctaan: nawiarerpst scmemiupanves. Roamoxnn, KOHewHa, 1 ApyrHe ObbACHeHnA nponcxommenna HasBaHHA ¢xXuMuA». Tak, Ha ApeBHeKnTait- CKOM ASEIKe ¢KHM» — 4«30J1I0TO». Tpeuecknit (bunocod m Hatypanuer Socamyc Tlanonomuran- cknit (Bropan nouoBnHa IV B. H. 9.) BHepBbie ynorpeoun TepMuH «xuMeiiac. MM Socumyc obosHaval Take Mporecchl, KAK «Ha- craleanves, «HaivpaHves. Tak min nnase, DponcxoKzenme CLOBA CXMMMs» CBABAHO C BeTECTBAMH MH Hx UcpepaborKol ANA norpe6noereii «enonera. B pastum opponcifernx aanrkay emorn exuMists uMeer T10- noGrnre ssystanne m namacanie: «chemistry» — No-anriniicKn, «Chemie» — to-nemenka, «chimies — no-tpannyscKka, «chimi- ca» — 10-MrasbAHCKH, «Quimica» — 10-ncMaHcKH M N0-noptyra- IbCKH, «KEM» — T0-HIBe7CKH HM 10-7aTcKH, a Ha TypeI|KOM ABbI- Ke xAaMHaA — «kimyar. flo 1998 © & ykpavucKom Banke ynoTpeGnanuch Cosa «xeMiA», To cxemiunuity. Cevuac YKp@MHCKue yueHble AUCKYTMpyIOT OTHOCH- TEsIbHO LENECOOHpasHOcTn 3aMeHbI TepMUHA «xiMin» Ha « He UMeeT OAHOSHAUHOLO mommopanua. Tem He MeHee, Tak umn Hae, OFA ORLIO CRASA- HO ¢ ReIVecTRAMH H WX DepepadoTKoii 211 NoTpeOHocTeli te- slopeka. Qo Ill 8. a. 9. Anunea Ooanxumuyeckui stan pasBATuA xumun. Teoperuueckve m Ipaktuueckne 3HaHMA O ReIlecT- BaX PASBUBAIMCh OTHOCHTEIBHO HesaBMcUMO Apyr oT Apyra. B reuenve arxumuueckozo nepuoxa (III-XVI Bs.) sapopn- JIACh SECHCPUMEeHTAIbHAX XUMMA, HAKOMMIMCH SHaHHA O Be- LUeCTBAX. C XVII a. masanoch cmanoetenue xumMUU Kak HoYyKU. Coepemenneiit aman pasaurns xumun Geper nayano B KX B. Wanerer no HAIINX juHelt. CeronHalinve yeuex UpAkNagHOl XMMMM OCHOBAHE! Ha ocrmmKeHuax xuMuueckoi Hayku. Tloaromy (byHAaMeH- TANbHbIe ACCHETOKAHHA — «3sHAHHA paw sHannity — oco6o eH! (JA YeENOBeETECTBA, Tipumenn csou snanmma 1 ymMeHust 4, Hosopy HeToKH xuMMuecKuy 3HaHnid 2. O6AcHY NOUcxOxMEHNe CNoBa «AMVs. KaKOe M3 ero 3Ha- YeHVi, NPUBELEHHbX B Naparpade, no TECeMy MHeHHIO Hau- Gosiee NoHo OTpaxkaeT CyTb STON HayKu. ¥. Onvin BaxHeVWile STanbl pasByiiMy xvi. 4, OGocny/i, Kakve OcTIKeHMA XHMMM — NpHKNapHbIe WIM CpyH- AAMeHTantHbie — Golee WeHHH Nnu4HO ANA TEGA. 5. Onpenenn. 0 KAKOM BELUeCTBe MDeT peub B CTpOKaX: «ECTb MaKe AaMMNa4Han COsb, KOTOpyio XUMMIK OGbIMHO HOObIBAICT, 110 CBI geTenbcTBy Centepta, Tak: nth YacTe NenoBeyecKOA Mou, OHA YACTb OObINHUA LUNI, 4 HUNac Mn CaM AepeBbeB BApATCA, noka He NpHAYT K AMUWCHHIO BC BnaKHOCTH; NoToM [acca] pacnnargnaetca u Koarynupyercs. A neperoHKa V XMMUKOB TIDO- VICXOAMT NOUTH Tak Ke, Kak MV ONVLeHMe, pasBe YTO Np ONMUYe- HUY NpVMeHAIOTCA COCYDbI G OTBEPCTVAMM, 43 KOTOPbIX BbIXOASTT >KMBKOCTU, a B NeperoHKe — cocyAb! Ges oTBepcTuii. V1, KaK ripu OWWIEHNY, Tapbl, NOLHABLUVECA BBEpX, KOHGCHicupyloTch B XKMAKOCTb, Tak Np NeperoHKe Cyxue UcNapeHus nosWMMAIOTCA v, KoarynupoBatHble, NOVNNNAtoT B BepxHiel 4aoTH Cocysa. Sta cont — seryaiiuas» (Deocak NpoKonoeuy. Dinocodebki TsOpu. Tom II. Harypebinocogia. Yactuia Ill. KHyoxka Ill). 6. YaHa oO E-4ucnaxX, B YACTHOCTU O XMMYNeUKUM GUCTabe VI hpumerenvin nvuuesoh A06asku E 510. PaspewieHo nu uc- nonbsoBaHne 9ToM MoGaeKu BR YkpanHe? 28=. Bacdente a Sh Tsoe nopromn0 Tak XyfO%KHMKH M1 NO3THI B pasHble RpeMeHa Ms06paxK ain sa- HATHA axHMHel: SMecb CONHLUA AY B LBETHOM OKHE Enea-enga 2ameTeH MHe; Ha nonkax iainirn rio erciian Jo CRN TOR KOMHaTH MOP. OHM nexar Vl 30eCb 4 TaM, Ao6uva nbinu v Yepselt; Vinionox pry, your 1 cup, XMpanut petopt 4 6aHok xnam Vi vHCTpyMeHTH MO CTeHaM. (YoranH Boneeraur fete. Dayct / Nepesog Hukonaa XonopkoscKoro) AKakol4 BHAMWb NaG6opaTopuio anxuUMuKa TH? (@))Memactoamnana Dpoavanuaupyit oTppipku ma cbyHiaMedtanbHol nATVTOMHOM «VICTOPU yKPavHCKON KyAbTypble, COZMAHHOM NOP, pykKOBOACTBOM W nod o6wert pemakunen Npesnnerra HauvoranbHori akagemun Hayk Ykpavubt 6.E. Matoxa (K.: Hayk. aywKa, 2001.—T. 1), onpe- ANY 4 HASOBH MGTOKH XMMMNEGKX SHAHN B Kuesckoli Pyon. UCTOPUA YKPAUHCKONM KYSIbTYPbI Peaspxtie sata 5 O6nactn xumun cpenteseKosoe CcreeTBOsia~ nue Ueplayio 13 NponskoscTReHHOM NpakTUKN, CRAsaHHOK C MpeRpa- 29xB» Pue. 3.6. Cn. Jiuurpuii Coys cxuii. Moganka Muxaiinoncxo- TO SsaTOBEPXOTO coGope (Hee ‘expue neGsiaronpusmeaE 1eTo- piveckHx O6cTOATEECTR OKA- samac 3a mpeyenamn YKpan- unt). Xpasures zB 'l'perasxowc- Koil ranepee, 6 Mucnee. Bosn- pamenme x Vecpanmy Korjia-70 BBIBCOCHELIX HS Hee petuKeuii — HeOTLeMVlemasi COCTABIAIONIAA OOIero Jema BOsPOrKTeHUsS cpsrremmn) w wg a meHHeM ofuX BelyecTR RB Apyrue. Peub Hyet O pasBuTHe MeTasypran, cTeKOmbHOI NPOMBIMLTeHHOCTH MT. 11. Dra jewreupnocTe cpexyemaTpHBara opTayCHUe AZAHHEINM OTHOEUTEN HHO croiters BelleCTB, KOTOPEe NPHMeHs- su B Mpouecce nepepadorku. Tak 6xl- 10 4 B Kuescroii Pycu, xoropas ume- wa XOpoWO paseATyW OpoMBIEWeT- HOCTP. Dax, Hatt mpeyrcH Xopoliio SHAH vexHHMueckue MpveMsI mpesparjenua BenjecTs (HalpuMePp, PYAbI B METAL). Eye Kpactopeuree BEINAs/UT CO- CroMMMe CIeKUMpUMeDe_CTBA HM Tar YuTH Hiratlo CRAgAnHEIX ¢ Hum OA mseTeT Peub uaer 06 msroTropieHHu WBeTHOrO CTEKMA H CTEKHHHBIX MACC, KOTOPBIE TIpHMersiM B ApyTHx espepax Mpousros- crga (mpomsrojcTRO GytnH, rena HbIx GpacsCTOB, Nocy/AEI MT. 11.), a TAK ‘Ke R cTpoUTeIHCTBE (usrOTOBEHHe TJlasyPOBAHHLIX MINTOK, KOTOPKIMIL yxpalllayiMch XpaMel, ABOPUBI). wuEnye Gos1ee c1OKHEIM OBINO HSTO- WOBJEHNE CMaJHTEI AA AeKopaTHD uix mooann Pp Aporuepyeekux xpa- wax. B Kuescxoit Pycn cyimecrsorarn cnemuanbHnle MacTepckKue, OTKDPBI- qBIe, B YacTHOCTH, B Knere, Ha TeppH- nopum Tevepckoru monacrerpa. DTo prrsnoyeTpe OTMCUAIOCE OCOGEIM Go- PateTROM KPACOK. Tak, Hanpumep, Mozauku Muxaii- mopcKoro BnaToBepxoro cobopa (XI- XII ep.) ZeMoncTpupyioT Howropacia OTTEHKOL UCHUBEDIA HDETOR (pre. 8.6) uupuue 20 cunero, crompro se xKenToro, 15 semeHoro, 10 posoRoro. RKax Buju, cyectRorana xopouio paspaboTanuad TEXHONOTUA WBeT- Horo cTeKNa. Xumuyeckve SHAHUS OKASbIBAIOTCA HCOGXO_UMEIMH HB Apyrax cchepax fenTesouocnT, HanpuMep RoeHHott. B Pyew suiuin Wak nasprsa- emblii rpeveckuii Uru — weTKOBOCTItamCialoncecs BeTIlecTBO, KOTO puc 6pocasn b enentancitix ccpepovonmuecr ux COCYHAX — cBocobpas hy cascuraTenbHbIx GoMGax cTapoGEitHocTH. Tepes MONOBLEE Hal UpesKM NosHAKOMUMcE ¢ MOpoxoM, us0GpeTeHHbIM KuTaligamn, HO HCHONbBOBAIN CLO C IeMbIO yeTpaleus; CoOcTREHHO OTHECTPesBHUE opyxve nompasock B KONE XTT—XIV ws. 30we. Bocdeunue «lL /POHSBOACTBCHUBIC MPOMBICIEI HYXAalUCh B ONpPeAeeHHEIX XH- MMMUCHX BHALUDLX, HEUGXOJMMBLA JVI MSLULUBsIEL pacrsupUs, Bo Renn Kort, rpamemis ranctt. Benson ¢ pparlebr1oi rparncoft pas BIBALACh XUMMA JIEKAPCTBA, a BMECTE C MKOHOMNCbIO ~ XHMUA KpacoK. ../iast MpuMepa TpHBezeM perlertr 43 pykonueHErx cOopunkor XV B., AbIK KOTOPHIX BbIPASMTEMLEO YKASbIBAET Ha YKPAMHCKOE TPOUCXONWe- Hue. ‘lak, B OFHOM 42 STMX COOpHUKOR YUTAeM: «BOsEMI IKONTOK Hed bit. TosibKo 7ke BOSH MM PLYTH M NOOK B TO Fito H DOCTaBHt B POT eyxoit. M gepatu Mure, 1 periimu son 1 DHLUE, TTO XONCIIL>. Nonotwere mucanne perentaMmnctpyKnnM Wa pyKomucHtx cbon- HuKos XI-XV Bb. TOssonHOT yrBepiiparb, YO HMeeM YeNO y2Ke HE TOKO € TpaKTHYeCKUMK XUMMYECKUMM OMepalusAMH, aC Mpexctas- JICHHSIMU O TeEXHOMOPUN XUMMMECKUX OTEpAli. LS npaktiseckas PABOTA 1 PABA TEXHUKM BEZONACHOCTM BO BPEMS PABOTbI B XUMUYECKOM KABMHETE. NPMEMbI OBPALWEHUA C JIABOPATOPHOM MOCYAON, LUTATMBOM VW HAPPEBATENbHbIMM NPViBOPAMM. CTPOEHME NAMEHM Sanu B NpesAHAasHayeHHO ANA STOrO TeTpaAN Mary, HasBAaHVeE npaktuyeckon paGorbi u ee Wenb. Tri y2xe ToHAn HeO6xOzHMOCTE CObmOAeHNA NpaLnn Toneyze- uu yuenuKoR B KaGunere xumum. [last yeuemmoro REMEMHe- TMS OMBITOR BEIYYN mu HeyKNOHHO BLINONHAH IIPABHJIA TEX- HKU BES8OIIACHOCTH BO BPEMS| PABOTBI B XHMH- YECKOM KABHHETE, it Usysanr 9TH npasuna, CTaBb kK KedKOMY 43 Hux BONpOC «lloucmy?» Df) wcrapaiics watiru oreer Ha Hero 1. Pa6otait 8 xanate. Ucnonpsyii no yKasanniw yuntenn CpencCTBa NHAMBMAYaILHOH 3alljHTbl — pesHHOBble Tep- YATKH, 3al{MTHBIe OUKH. 2. Demonia onerret roseKu uO mHCrpyKuan, Tua upn- cMOTpOM yuHTenA HH Nabopaura. 3. BuumatennHo npounrait naqnich Ha STUReETKe Cocyza, DPExKje veM BastTH RELECTRO WTA OETA 4. Cknsakn u 6anKU C peakKTHBAMM TepeKN 3AaKDbITHIMH. Cocyy, 8 KOTOpOrO Bann peaKTHB, cpasy saKpoii mpob- Koii m MOcTaBk Ha MecTO. 5. He menstii Mecramu npo6Kn of cocy70B c peakTHBaMn. 6. Cocyy ¢ peakTuBom JepxKH sTHKeTKOM kK 1aqoHK. (. HadMpast HKMAKOCTL, CHMMAall Kallio c WevEM cocyfa. al