2"4 Year Chemistry Taleem City Guess Paper ALU itr dotadslech Nepal 2S dof rol bes. Available on taleemcify, cont.) Important Short Questions 1, Justify that 2n0 is amphoteric in nature, Although both sodium and phosphorus are present in the same period of the periodic table, yet their oxides are different in nature, NazO is basic while P2Os is acidic in character. Why the ionic radii of negative ions are larger than the size of their parent atoms? ‘What is electron affinity? Why is the second value of election affinity of an clement usually (73 shown with a positive sign? / What is electron affinity? Give its trend in periodic table. -/ Why metallic character increases from DS F bottom in a group of metals? ( 6, Why the oxidation state of noble oF usually zero? (taleemeity.com) Why diamond is a non-condi is fairly a good conducté 3g, Write similarities of yao “metals? Zn, Cd and Hg were placed with Alkaline earth metals in Mendeleev’s table? Negative ion is always bigger in size than its parent atom. Why? (taleemcity.com) Why melting and boiling points of elements belonging to group VA-VIIA are lower? Write two similarities and two dissimilgrigies,of 12 hydrogen with IV-A. group of el Si Write down two similarities and two. dissimilarities of hydrogen with halogen. 13 Why metals are good conductors? ith alkali 10 uw esti) Bt Le 414 Why iesize of an anion is always greater than its parent atom? Give differences of lithium from its own family members, Define hydration energy. The hydration 16 energies of the ionS,afe.in the following order. Justify. AI" > ig3Na" Why oxiday iber of noble gases is sul a era Long Questions Sa sition of hydrogen at the top of Group iV-A and VIIA in the periodic table. Yefine ionization energy. Discuss its trend in pi and groups. Define hydrides. Give their classification and properties. (taleemeity.com) State Mendeleev’s Periodic Law. What are the 4. improvements made in Mendeleev’s Periodic Table? 5, Give trends of metallic character in groups and * periods and discuss the impact of atomic size on it. Available on taleemcity.com p Chapter: Important Short Questions What is the role of KO2 in the breathing 1. equipment? / What is the significance of KO: for mountaineers? ‘Why iiiecapgohis solution of NaxCOs is alkaline in mature? Why lime water turns milky with CO» but becomes * clear with excess CO2 «{4ortaleem city 2" Year guess papers Google 2Ligep4L 6-2" Year10 W 2 1B 14 4. 5. BeO is amphoteric oxide. Show with two suitable reactions, (taleemeity.com) How gypsum is converted into plaster of pairs? Why 2% gypsum is added in the cement? Why is lime added to an acidic soil? How lime mortar is prepared? Explain chemical equations? What is milk of magnesia and for which treatment is it used? (taleemeity.com) ‘What are the advantages of Down's cell for the preparation of sodium on commercial scale? Why Down’s cell is preferable method for the preparation of sodium on large scale??—- + What are the main uses of plaster of Paris? Give two similar properties of lithium and magnesium. (taleemcity.com) What are two major problems faced during the working of diaphragm cell? What reaction occur when (i). Lithium carbonate is heated (ii). Sodium bicarbonate is heated (iii) Lithium hyéride is treated with water. (taleemcity.com) Write formulas of: (i) Beryl (ii) Asbestos (iii) Chrysoberyl (iv) Calcite (v) Barite (v) Dolomite ith Important Long Questions agriculture. (Imp) Write the commercial method preparation of NaQH? (Imp) Discuss the preparation of s Sdroxide on commercial scale by diaphiragnteéll or Nelson's cell. (taleemeity:com)) Explain peculiar behavior of Beryllium? (Most imp.) Write four points of differences between beryllium and its group. Discuss the peculiar behavior of Lithium with respect to the other members of alkali metals. (Most imp.) Available on taleemcity,cont-) ; wa 4 Important Short Questions What is tincal, How would you prove that its * aqueous solution is alkaline in nature? What are silicones? Why are liquid silicones * preferred over ordinary organic lubricants? Why is CO. room temperature while SiO> > isa solid? / Explain the structure of CO2. 4, What is chemical garden? (taleemcity.com) 45, Wyite-usgs of Borax and boric acid + 6/ Whatis chelnistry of Borax-bead test? How will you convert boric acid into borax and. * vice versa? (taleemeity.com) 8, Write four uses of sodium silicate Write the reaction afore acid with: () Ethyl icohol (ii) N: In what reg bon behaves differently from other memphérs gf group [V-A? Give tfsimilarities between carbon and siljegn/Sifieate, Wii aqueous solution of Borax is alkaline in z an Qa ive the formulas of four bori >(taleemeity.com) 7) , How aluminum reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide? (taleemeity.com) 14 How is Borax used as water softening agent? Why are borate glazes preferred over silicate glazes? (taleemeity.com) 16 What is vitreous silica? Why are liquid silicones preferred over ordinary organic lubricants? Give the names and the formulas of different acids of boron. \cids with names. This year, there will be no long from this chapter. Available on taleemcity.com Chapter# 4 Important Short Questions 1, Why does aqua regia dissolve gold and platinum? «{/o/taleem city 2" Year guess papers {Google LL igs L618" YearWrite down the dissimilarities between oxygen 2. and Sulphur. (taleemcity.com) 3. Why is SOs dissolved in H2SOy and not in water? 4. Describe "Ring test" for the confirmation of the “presence of nitrate ions in solution, Write down the equation for the reaction between cone, H2SO4and copper and explain what type of 5. reaction is it. Justify that conc. H2SO, acts as dehydrating agent by writing two equations. ¢, NOzis astrong oxidizing agent. Prove the truth of this statement giving examples. 7, P2Osis a powerful dehydrati aber Prove (1) * giving example. (taleemcity.com) 8. How does P2Qs react with water in cold and hot * states? 9, How does HINOs react with (a) Cu (b) Mn 10 How does NO> react with KT and HS? 11 Write four uses of HNOs. 12, How does nitrogen differ from other elements of its group? (taleemcity.com) How NO> is prepared from: (i) Lead nitrate (ii) Cu+HNOs Write any two methods for preparation of nitrogen oxide (NO). 14 Write any four properties of sulphuric acid, Nitrous acid is a reducing as well as oxid agent justify giving chemical reaction. Discuss different allotropic forms of phosphorous? 13 This year, there will be no ween chapter. @S Available on talegnicity. com Important Short Questions Give important uses of Helium. What is "lodized Salt"? ‘What are Freons and Teflon? Gite-heiz uses? Why iodine has metallic luster? “!?-—"—~ + How are halogen acids i tit nized in water? Why fluorine shows peculiar behavior? Give four * reasons? (taleemeity.com) Why HF is a weak acid than other halogen acids 8. (HCI)? Write four properties of hydrogen fluoride. 9, Write any four applications of noble gases. 10 What is halothane? Write its formula 11 How XeF2 and XeF4 can be prepared? 12 Write any four applications of Noble gases. Oxidizing Power of halogen depends upon which factors? (taleemcity.com) Gfes acon of Chlorine with cold and hot 1 wot is bleaching power? How bleaching powder is prepared by Hasenclever's method? 16 Write four uses of bleaching powder. (op ww Bigashing powder is prepared? Give its a @lost Imp) Sere ‘when bleaching powder reacts 2 ith? dil. & con. H>SOs, NHs, HCI, H20. (Most Imp) Discuss relative reactivities of halogens as oxidizing agent. Also describe commercial uses of halogens and their compounds? (Imp) 5. Write chemical reactions of fluorides of Xenon. * (Imp) Available on taleemcity.com 4. Important Short Questions Why d and block elements are called transition * elements? (taleemeity.com) Why Transition elements compounds are * coloured and variable oxidation state? Differentiate between Typical and Nontypical > gransition elements, a des ‘g5lSdniging helps protecting iron from rust. 5, What is chromyl chloride test? How chromate ions are converted into Halogens are strong oxidizing agents. Justify. dichromate ions? «{/o/taleem city 2" Year guess papers {Google LL igs L618" YearWhat are chelates? What are chelates found in 7 ransition metal complexes? 8, What is ligand? Give types of ligands, 9, Define coordination number? Give example. 10 What is coordination sphere? u 2 1B 4 What is sacrificial corrosion? Write the uses of KxCr2Or. What are interstitial eompounds? How entrapped bubbles of gases are removed from steel. Define paramagnetic and diamag) ” substances. (taleemeity.com) ~ 30 (VI Why does damaged tin plated iron get ruste quickly. This year, there will be no long from th chapter. Available on taleemcity.com ETc Important Short Questions Whaat is vital force theory and why vital force theory was rejected? ( iN A SQ 2. What is catalytic cracking? 3, What is an octane number and how itis “OS improved? (taleemcity.com) mS 4, What is destructive distillation? (2) 5. What is natural gas? Write its pwo(usg¢ 6. What are heterocyclic compound 7. Define aromatic compound, give Bn example. 8 What are alicyclic comp Give an * example. 9. Define functional group. Give two examples * containing oxygen 10 Whats isomerism? Explain with suitable examples. 11 Define metamerism with examples. What is Zwitter ion? How is it formed? Write down its structural formula. a [eye 4 Define Cis-trans isomerism. Gite one Sample! |] 13 / Explain geometrical isomerism. Give one example. (taleemeity.com) 14 Define tautomerism by giving one example. Why there is a free rotation around single bond, but no free rotation around double band? Important Long Questions Explain reforming of petroleum with the help of suitable example. Define cracking and explain its type with examples. (taleemeity.com) Define hybridization, Discuss the structure of ethne/ ethyne on its basis. (Hybridization Sp2, Sp3 with example are most important) Define isprism Explain geometrical isomiérism with examples. How organic compounds are classified? Give suitable example of each type. Available on taleemcity.com es Important Short Questions oO) aligrfes are less reuctive than alkenes? * Vhat are clemmenson and Wolf-Kishner oy se : (2 redtiction reactions? How they differ? thane can be converted into ethyl alcohol 5 write equation? (taleemcity.com) -/ 4. What is Raney-Nickel? Where it is used? What is Baeyer’s test? / How Baeyer’s tes used to detect unsaturation in organic compounds? Define Markownikov’s rule and give one * example, 7. Give mechanism of 03 Onloysis of ethane? 5. Prepare CiS and Trans alkenes from alkyne along with chemical equation. 9. How is ethyne converted into ethanol? 10 Convert CH triple bond CH into oxalic acid. How ethyne is converted to (a) acetaldehyde (b) benzene Convert methane into: (i) 11 Formaldehyde (ii) Nitromethane Synthesize icbenzene ii, Oxalic acid from 1 cethyne. hn -fing fidlymerization? How can we convert ethene to polyethene? How do you convert 2-butyne into cis- and trans ~2 butene? «{/o/taleem city 2" Year guess papers {Google LL igs L618" Year7 4 Why does alkane shows un reactivity? Why pi-bond is more reactive than sigma- 5 ots bond? }6 What is Hydrogenolysis? How do you distinguish between ethane and ethyne? (taleemeity.com) Convert methane into formic acid. 8 Convert ethyne into acetaldehyde. Convert 1-butene to I-butyne. 19 Give fours uses of methane. * alkynes? (taleemeity Important Long Questions | ¢ Describe any four methods for the reparation * of alkenes, Prepare ethane from Kolbe’s electrolytic method. Write down its mechanism, * Prepare ethyne from Kolbe’s electrolytic method. Write down its mechanism. Describe with examples the acidic nature of com) Give comparison of reactivity of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. 5. 2. cn 4. State Markownikov's rule, Give reactions of HBr with (i) Propene (ii) 2-Butene (iii) 1- Butene Available on taleemcity.com Important Short Questions Discuss the objections to the Rae ode of benzene? / What arguments Were given by Kekule to confirm the regi Niexdgonal structure for benzene? (taleexheity.com) Write down the resonance structure of benzene. Define resonance energy. What is Wurtz-Fittig Reaction? Give an example. Give the mechanism of Nitration and halogenation of benzene. Explain sulphoration of benzene with mechanism of reaction, What happens when Ozone is redsted bith ( aa Benzene? Prepare m-chloronitro benzene from benzene in * two steps. yh Benzene can be prepared commercially from. acetylene. Give reaction with conditions. How benzene is converted into maleic 8. catalytic oxidation? 9, Draw the structure of (a) Naphthalene * (b)Anthracene 10 What are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons? 11 Discuss the x-ray structure of Benzene 12, How can we prepare benzene from? (i) n-Hexane (ii) Benzene sulphonic acid. (taleemeity.com) Writ the general mechanism for the electrophilic * supstitutjon reactions of benzene? \at-happidns Avhen chlorine is passed through 4 Benzen i sunlight 15 Write any four ortho para directing groups. cid by Important Long Questions 1, Explain the sf Get bz one basis * atomic oe Yosiment Write down Zour methods of preparation of Denson om) it are Friedel-Crafts reactions? Explain aéchanism of alkylation and Acylation of Ss etail out two reactions in which benzene ? behave as saturated hydrocarbon and two jons if behave as unsaturated, Write down the mechanisms of the following reactions (i) Sulphonation (ii) Nitration of benzene Available on taleemcity.com Chapter# 10 5. Important Short Questions What are primary and tertiary alkyl halides? * Give one example each. Convert ethyle bromide into (i) n-butane (ii) Ethene (iii) Ethyl alcohol (iv)Propane |, 3, What is wurtz reaction? Give its importance. Give See gyamples of nucleophilic substitution reactions, (taleemcity.com) 5. What is B-Elemination reaction? How is tetramethyl and tetraethyl lead is * prepared? «{/o/taleem city 2" Year guess papers {Google LL igs L618" YearHow would you prepare alkyl halide from alcohol and thionyl chloride? What are elimination reactions? Give examples of E1 and E2 Write the mechanism of SN1 reactions 10 What are electophile and nucleophile? Justify given order of reactSivity on the basis of bond energy. R-I>R—Br>R~C1>R-1 Give methods to prepare alkyl halides from alcohols. (taleemcity.com) 13 What is Grignard reagent? Convert ethyl alcohol into their jpspectivg ¢ ) halides by using PCI3 and PIS. 7-1 LI Starting from C2H4Br how will you prepare ~ ethane and ethene? How do we get alkyl nitriles from Grignard’s reagent? Important Long Questions ‘What are B-clemination reaction? Differentiate between E1 and E2 reactions. What are SN reactions? Differentiate between SNI and SN2 reactions. (taleemcity.com) What are Grignard’s reagents? How these react, with carbonyl compounds? How does Ethyl magnesium bromide react _( with: i, CO2 ii, CH3COCH3 wy Explain Nucleophilic substitution Unimol Gal reaction (SN1) with example Lax S Discuss SN2 reactions of alkyle halide tail Available on talee! ity-com Important Short ‘What do you mean by denaturing of alcohols? Give the structural formulae of (i)Lactic acid (ii) Tartarie acid (iii) Pieric Acid (iv) P-hydroxy benzyl alcohol (v) carbolic acid Absolute alcohol cannot be prepared by fermentation process, why? Explain Williamson synthesis foi-the preparation of ethers? Define fermentation, What are the essential aa 2/4 es conditions for fermentation process? Ethyl alcohol is a liquid while methyl Chloride is a gas. Why? (taleemcity.com) How Phenol is prepared by Dow’s method. / Give two methods for the preparation of phenol. Prepare Bakelite from phenol? Give the reactions of phenol with cone, H2SO4 and acetyl chloride. 10 How does picric synthesis take place? Ethanol gives different products with cone.H2SO4 under different conditions. Justify, 1. 8. % + Whatis) jucast test? su a eee teldistinguish between methanol and ethanol? Convert methanol into ethanol and acetone into ethyle alcohol. 14 How chloro benzene\s converted into phenol Give reactions @kaleohols in which C-O bond breaks? /—~ 16 Why waters efits higher boiling point than ethangl?’) 7 See a spirit? How is it prepared from 4s? (taleemeity.com) Se yWhabsre rectified spirit, commercial alcohol Bnd absolute alcohol? Define fermentation. Give its conditions. 19 Absolute alcohols cannot be prepared by fermentation, Why? 5 / This year, there will be no long from this chapter. Available on taleemcity.com Important Short Questions What is cannizzaro’s reaction? Write one * example. What is silver mirror/Tollen’s test? / Discuss the chemistry of Tollen’s test. hat is Fehling’s solution test of aldehyde? OR low aldehycles can be distinguished by Fehling’s solution test. 4, Write four uses of formaldehyde? 5, Write four uses of Acetaldehyde? «{/o/taleem city 2" Year guess papers {Google LL igs L618" YearWhat is idoform test? Give its uses. / How iodoform is prepared from acetaldehyde and ethyl alcohol? Write the mechanism of the reaction of HCN with carbonyl compounds. What is formalin? (taleemcity.com) Prepare acetone from calejum acetate. Give industrial preparation of formaldehyde What is Haloform reaction? Give its uses. How acetaldehyde is converted into lactic acid? OR How a-hydroxy acids are prepared from Acetaldehyde ersie How the aldehydie group can be‘prévented~/ + against oxidizing agents. OR How acetaldehyde reacts with ethyl alcohol? Give two tests for distinguishing between an aldehyde and a ketone. OR How Aldehydes can be distinguished by Benedict's solution test? What is formalin? 10 ul 12 14 15 Important Long Questions Write a note on Cannizzarro’s reactions. OR Discuss mechanism for the Cannizzato’s . reaction of HCHO. OR What type of aldehydes give cannizzaross | reaction/ Give its mechanism, At What is Aldol condensation? Give mechafishs> Write four tests by which aldehyde carbe>Y distinguish from ketones. (taleemeity:¢ How 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydr s ard) prepared? Write mechanism, Bora derivatives with ==. (O carbonyl compound in Describe the in rei sodium bisulphite with acetone. Available on taleemcity.com Important Short Questions What are essential and non-essebiia|hitane | | acids’ ‘What are zwitter ions and how they are " produced? Write its structural formula. n of Explain acidic and basic behavior of amino: acids? How acetic anhydride is prepared from acetic acid? What are amino acids? Give two examples. Define neutral amino acids? Give examples. Write formulae of Glycine, Alanine, melonoic acid and phthalic acid? Write down the mechanism of ester formation. How would you convert CH3 COOH to CH3 CONH2 +_|y\ How-amino acid is synthesized. Give one éxdmple?! tt What is peptide bond? Write down formula of a dipeptide? (taleemcity.com) How would you prepare carboxylic acid from Grignard Reagents? 3 What are acid by aides? How can we prepare acetic anhy 14 Write impo Uses of acetic acid? 1g How garboRylic acids are prepared by oxidative “cl alkenes? cleaval aX\o tor Long Questions SS rite down any four methods of preparation of acetic acid with reactions? Define Zwitter ion, Discuss effect of acidie and medium on the dipoler ion structure of y.com) into i, Methane ii. Acetyl » / chloride Write a short note on acidic and basic character of amino acids. Write down reactions of acetic acid with: Na2CO3, PCIS, C2HSOH, NH3, SOCI2, HV/P Available on taleemcity.com cea! Important Short Questions ths What is meant by rancidity of fats and oils? 1 Why Tt oggurs? 2. Write any two differences b/w DNA and RNA. 3. In what way oil, fats are different? «{/o/taleem city 2" Year guess papers {Google LL igs L618" Year‘What is condensation polymerization? Give an example, 5. How proteins are denatured? Write down the importance of proteins. 7. Write four uses of lipids 8. Give two differences b/w oils and fats? 49, Define saponification number and iodine * number. (taleemeity.com) 19 What are thermosetting polymers? Give two examples. What do you mean by hardening of oils and fats? / How oils are converted inte:fats_) ©) Define saponification number u 2 13 How PVC is prepared? Also give its use What is chemical nature of enzyme? Classify them. 1g Write down the mechanism of addition > polymerization 4 This year, there will be no long from this chapter. Available on taleemcity.com Important Short Questions S 1. What are fertilizers? Why are they needed What are micronutrients? 3. What are macro-nutrients? GE 4, Write any four points of esser qualities of a good fertilizer? (taleem: 5. Give the important prop stor of fertilizers. Why ammonium nitrate is not added to the erop 6, ofPaddy rice? OR "Ammonium nitrate is a useful fertilizer for many crops except paddy rice, why? What are phosphatic fertilizers? What is their role in plant growth? Give two formulas of 7. phosphatic fertilizers? What are Potassium Fertilizers importance of potassium fertile 8. What is cement? Which raw materials are Wed * for its preparation? What do you mean by setting of cement, Write down the reactions taking place in first 24 hours veh) 10 Define paper. (taleemcity.com) Write names of four non-woody raw materials 11 for the production of paper and pulp? How bleaching of pulp is done in Pakistan Defi materials used for manufacturing of cement 13 What is clinker? (taleemeity.com) Why cement is called as Portland cement? 14 Describe the composition of good Portland cement. What is the function of Nitrogenous fertilizers 5 we the Ggowth of pants? eis Important Long Questions e cement and write down the raw aS What are fertilizers? Discuss the classification of fertilizers and tbe uses. (taleemcity.com) Nitrogenous feytlizeis an important class of fertilizers es 16s )Discuss. 3, How read tured in the industries? * Support your-shswer with chemical equations. Descrie thle manufacturing process of cement Available on taleemcity.com Important Short Questions 1, What are Leachates? 2. How detergents are threat to aquatic life. 4, What is acid rain and how it affects the ~* environment? (taleemcity.com) Explain the term BOD? / What is biological ‘oxygen demand? What is acid rain? (taleemeity.com) How chlorofloro-carbons (CFCs) destroy the ‘Ozone layer? 7. Discuss detergents as water pollutants? 8. Write down the effects on human health of CO. 19, What do you know about water pollution? How "is water polluted by industrial effluents? 10 Name four components of environment, cat ‘What are, rina and secondary pollutant Give ckamipid df each, 5, What is chemical oxygen demand (COD)? How ? itis measured? 6. «{/o/taleem city 2" Year guess papers {Google LL igs L618" YearHow oil spillage effects the aquatic life on earth. (taleemeity.com) How is water purified by: (i) Aeration (ii) Coagulation What is smog? Under what conditions, smog is > formed? This year, there will be no long from this chapter. Sandy Sigeere Ebi Fott eth Ly Sige ~/estaleemcity.com wn reaSob TEL Keep Visiting taleemcity.com LY Note: A This guess paper consists of the most importer} questions from exam's point of view. This does not mean that the entire papef wilh) come from it ( © These guess papers can help Res! exam if you didn't prepare well, (SN © Prepare the complete syltabyls lop with it if' you wish to secure high marks, ~ «{/o/taleem city 2" Year guess papers {Google LL igs L618" Year