CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS( STEEL)

STEEL – It is widely used reinforcing materials for almost all

types of concrete construction. It is an excellent partner of
concrete in resisting both tension and compression load and
hundred times stronger in tensile strength
IDENTIFICATION OF STEEL BARS ASTM rebar markings:
The first letter or symbol means producing mill
and deformation pattern.
1. The second marking means the bar size, in
this picture, " 11 " means the diameter of this
rebar is
2. The third letter represents the type of steel as
follow:
S: Carbon-steel (A615).
W: Low-alloy steel (A706).
R: Rail-steel (A996).
I: Axle-steel (A996).
A: Rail-steel (A996).
3. The last marking shows the grade of
reinforcing bar.
40: grade 40.
60: grade 60.
75: grade 75.
4: grade 420, also grade 60.
5: grade 520, also grade 75
6. One line grade 420, 2 line grade 520
BAR
SIZE
BAR SPLICE, HOOK AND BEND

BAR SPLICE

HOOK AND BEND

DETERMINING SPLICING LENGTH OF STEEL BARS

Types of reinforcement Min splice length

Tension bars 25x bar size + 150mm
Compression bars 20x bar size + 150mm
SAMPLE
1. DETERMINE THE LENGTH OF THE SPLICE JOINT FOR A 16MM AND 20MM STEEL BARS
UNDER THE FF. CONDITION
a. TENSILE REINFORCEMENT OF BEAM
b. COMPRESSIVE REINFORCEMENT OF COLUMN

a. 25x bar size + 150mm

= 25x16 +150 = 550mm
b. 20x bar size + 150mm
= 20x16 +150 = 470mm
METAL REINFORCEMENT

1. CHB REINFORCEMENT
2. FOOTING REINFORCEMENT
3. POST AND COLUMN
REINFORCEMENT
4. BEAM AND GIRDER REINFORCEMENT
5. FLOOR SLAB REINFORCEMENT
6. OTHER TYPES OF REINFORCEMENT
 CHB REINFORCEMENT
Spacing Vertical reinforcement Spacing Horizontal
layer reinforcement
Cm Length of bars in meters Length of bars in meters
Per block Per sq.m Per block Per sq.m
40 0.235 2.93 2 .264 3.30
60 0.171 2.13 3 0.172 2.15
80 0.128 1.6 4 0.138 1.72
CHB REINFORCEMENT
1. FROM FIGURE 3-6, DETERMINE THE
NUMBER OF
• 10X20X40 CM CHB
• VERTICAL REINFORCEMENTS SPACED
AT 80 CM
• HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT AT
EVERY 3 LAYERS.
• (USE 6M COMMERCIAL LENGTH FOR
STEEL BARS)
SOLN

1. by area method 2. by unit block method

area = 4x3 = 12sq.m area = 4x3 = 12sq.m

for vertical reinforcement: 12x1.6 =
19.20m
for horizontal reinforcement:
12x2.15=25.8m
total: 19.2+25.8 = 45m
convert commercial length at 20ft or
6m
order: 45/6 = 7.5 = 8pcs 10mm
#of chb: 12x12.5 = 150pcs
vertical reinforcement: 150x0.128=19.20m
horizontal reinforcement: 150x0.172=25.8m
total: 19.2+25.8 = 45m
convert commercial length at 20ft or 6m
order: 45/6 = 7.5 = 8pcs 10mm
 TIE WIRE FOR CHB REINFORCEMENT
refers to gauge #16 wire gi
used to secure steel bars in its position
one r0ll = 45kg = 2385m
53m/kg
to be cut from 20-40cm from small to medium size steel bars
LENGTH OF TIE WIRE REINFORCEMENT

10mm, 12mm or 16mm are common size of steel bar reinforcement for chb work. For
this reinforcement a 25 – 40cm tire wire folded in it center is satisfactory.
SAMPLE
Soln.
1. find the required tie wire of the 1. Solve area
previous example in kg if the
A = 3x4 = 12m2
reinforcement are spaced at
+Refer to table 3-6 using 30cm tie long
a. vertical bars spaced 80cm and tie wire
one horizontal bars at every = 12x0.024 = 0.29kg #16 GI tie wire
after 3 layers of the block
b. vertical bars spaced 60cm and b. A = 12m2
one horizontal bars at every =12 x 0.044
after 2 layers of the block = 0.53kg #16 GI tie wire
c. tie wire in kg
INDEPENDENT FOOTING REINFORCEMENT

also referred as individual or

isolated footing
ACI code provide that the
minimum underground protective
covering of concrete to steel
reinforcement shall not less than
7.5cm
SAMPLE
1. from the figure determine the # of 12mm
diameter steel bars including tie wire in kg
if there are 24 footings having a
dimensions of 1.5x1.5m

Net length (L) = 1.5 – (2x0.075) = 1.35m

Total # of cut bars = 10x2 = 20 pcs

Total # of cut bars in 24 footings = 20x24 = 480pcs
Consider 6m long steel bar = 6/1.35 = 4.44pcs
Therefore: 480/4 = 120pcs
SAMPLE 2: SOLVING TIE WIRE

1.looking at the plan: 10x10 =100 intersections per

footing
2.100x24 = 2400 ties
3.using 30cm ties: 2400x0.3 = 720 m tie wire
4.convert to kg: 720/53 = 13.6kg = 14kg
 STEEL
Reinforcement Steel Bar

Rules of Thumb 1. 20 kg of no. 16 GI tie wire per ton of reinforcement

bar
SOME ROUGH ESTIMATES

• STEEL REINFORCEMENT - 100 TO 130 KILOGRAM PER CUBIC METER OF CONCRETE

 STANDARD SIZES OF CONSTRUCTION
PLAIN METAL SHEET MATERIALS (STEEL)
A. GALVANIZED IRON
B. BLACK IRON
C. GALVALUME
D. STAINLESS STEEL
E. SIZES ARE GIVEN IN GAUGE (16 TO 30) – GAUGE = NO. OF PIECE PER IN THICK PILE
F. DIMENSION: 4 X 8; 3 X 6
G. CORRUGATED SHEET ( 6 FT, 8, 10, 12, 14)
H. PIPE SIZE IN INCHES DIAMETER BASED ON THE NOMINAL SCHEDULE 40; THICKNESS IN SCHEDULE; THE HIGHER THE
SCHEDULE THE THICKER THE PIPE IS
 STANDARD SIZES OF CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS (STEEL)
BARS
A. C-PURLINS - are commonly used material for roof construction and wall studs
for cement fiber board materials. Size in terms of width and height. Thickness
of metals should also be specified. Standard length is 20 ft.

B. Bars - commonly used are made of mild steel; angle, flat, RSB, plain round bar,
square, etc. Standard length is 20 ft
STEEL REINFORCEMENT
CORRUGATED ROOFING SHEET