‘eho tea iin Ua
iSmandnateeaay hedaman
castrate gs
Meee iid nt
semseeBoaseanisys ea) ae
Iieessorboss tots ope) Adal be happiness
inven oy ‘That qulety cept in with her
Tin Ta
scale plo etn
Tem (Chcg san in ecensice)
In bop eel oe
ssc: spbeae ens (clahakps)
te: osa8 stg hah pe
Is: gboaae esha pe)
‘ste on 8h383 pha pe)
aspera at
Theor wed ith pion mes the aihave attempted to integrate and present them ia way that wil be useful
ated accessible for ayone—hopefly with beginners ind. Armed now
‘ith ideas fom Bateson, Cake and Pere lt the arguments
{hat make symbolaly nthe following chapters be ested through cach
reales ow indeicalexesences. wil bests if something here
trgges new way to think about those experiences,
Participatory and
Presentational Performance
ecasewehave the one word—musio—itiatrickoth Eglshlanguage
thr we end to thik of muse making a ingle ar form. Certainly we
to tht there ae fret Kinde ofc. We have lat of words, rang
ing om rather broad anes fl, popu, clase, world masie—which
ate meant to encompast everything to ever more specific abels— (ek)
rots pode aerate grange lam, punk, (metal) hes metal speed
tcl death metal Musil stores are crested by musicians, es,
fs, the mse nde. and academics alike These labels are used to
isting sles and prac, but they ell ite about how and wey
People make the particular nsicthey do andthe vals that uderpi the
a thyme
Regus of the category in qusstion, when North Americans dows
lau! sang or go out to buy a CD they Bellew that they are purchasing
‘mi his belie points to culturally specifi conception of what music
‘hes people buy a photogzaph af person, they understand that iis
‘aly presentation of that person, not the real thing, Oe indigenous
Amrassicans with when {worked in Pru daring the 1980s ete
‘te receding that they made of thei fetal musi a we might se
Photographs Ale a festa was over, they often listened together othe
"cogs that they had made on thelr boom boxes, largey to remember
Sepa what had Been happening in the fete tat pone. That
‘hey und the recording mach a North Americans might we sapshot|
‘free vacation to tho tends ad remember he pel ines ha
‘ete exeiened: The recordings were a representation ofa ceebraton|
dof cil interactions elle nepal way through playing masand dancing together, For ther a recording i to ‘mse’ what fo us a
Hhotogaps tothe person in the spo: representation of something
ese the rea thing My Pervan ends tended to think of rns a
‘atng a uct abot the eve and the poople at abou the sound sell
‘Avofon ar nos when the pext fetal came they wou record ver the
Teale snapshot its se valereminscng with fends during
{he week following te fest.— filled.
Ti Engl the word music noun, and cosmopolans more ge
rally ee o think of musi at thing--ab Mentifale art object hal
cer amc by it restrs trough copyrights ad purchased by consi
Se eegth and perasivenes ofthe music industry apd is ma
vregated pcs daring th ast cer have helped create his abil
Huhought we biel eonsier the products ofthe music industy ove
‘Ginn me can glimpse eonmopolitans gral sift in thinking of musi
raking vassal activity to maseasan objet Inthe niseteenth nd ear
ae tkth cnt, the map forms of popelasmusicindasty product
‘Wrcshcet man the software’) spd musical instruments such spans
[ss banjo accordions, and mandolins (tbe hardware), often sod
‘frog catalog to be played in the home afer dianeror daring mes of
Jone These pct reuired and were the bass of active partciption|
th mie making among average people Recordings an the ado began
to change people's conerions, bt nt entre Rao broadcasts been
by at ve pefortance, gly o be replaced by recording ter. By
‘lo midswentith century the pase high ity was seb he nd
terete recordings. A tat ie the understanding of musi a an att
tty wating lve peopl perfonsing with ofr ather ive people was il
‘edonnnant, sed recordings were maketed as fat! (high ely)
pent of such performances, Even in the late tweet cent
{Hese nan commer to sell caste tapes tat used the slogan
rick Memorex” suggesting tha the sound recording wasnt the whole
allot wax bu ater was capturing, representing. something ele (6
see Mowitt 987)
“Non Ameria silat lve performances in the ety twenty fst
aun, bt nthe poplar usc realm atleast, such perormanecs ae
‘hem lel ake to recordings and other merchandise. Either we a
fend concertbeause we have heard an ais recordings, or once We
(Seite the bund wants to sll hey CDs. Many cabs in Norh Amer
se ange even bute wth He acts ha ing or ply musi ist
‘Montes raead lite Ds who se recordings and playback devies as]
‘hel intruments for pefrtnance- One of the most popula nights
un ten woul somtines fete ve bands before the Ibu the
2 res of sinter tre, hat act te stage
mete) 00 the main entrainment paying sd mailing
To cul begin on ie! Bor the club manager gusto, no
sre to the bands ws intended Hwa simpy an economia
sae more young peopl ame forthe sene Dj etd than fo
‘hts ets trates astrnge reer among thee yung people
wef very conception of what mu cmp to ane when
sewer comida sein fe usc nd would bare
‘Sener poor substi alive band
“curl coerpton of msc ha shifted ward eordings— the
foo ich to comopaltan experience munca the el hig
‘Sthssrpesertaton someting che Inesptalistsodets Yea rst
Tcl masini mutarlag concepaaed in elation
‘tesa presemston eorigs (St de nd a), or (ome
‘psc combination fh twe. Een for lca bed ita come
reise me Cs for pom an sl gis they ar 1b ae,
Tlarctotate hems, serous
Yer the Ute State a honor theres ofthe wo ther are
mui of msi dane atv tht do nt ae mal preset
tons fc start, recording ad concer ke sal. These other
“vies are more abut he dongs aoa teraction tan about rest.
igure or comedy Siping ncutch nd playing music
‘me ith ends or fn are common examples of he ater pe
inorder, but thee aremany oer pockets of pariciptry muse
Sng an ane angi fom conta pp, nd wing dancing
‘Gauci gage ck bans logs Foie jam, and com
‘non that ke lace In bars celebs ney eee,
{dpa tomes on «wet bare Reps of how portant hese
{cer ae othe pray have equ herd oh people
Bi am not eal) a muscan? bce the ade tem alae
‘hats rtesoaln athe standard owt ols want arg
‘hr Use ston
oo ee ee
Satin hey coming dnt eet om et od ty
Stiefel be consul aed rch
“athe thinking about mos a singles form aided
‘nto vos std sat Cteporiy Tate ound cl 0 concep
‘tlc mac makig in lato odieent reas fel of aie
act Pee Bours en fell (6g 1984 195) feespeci domain of att defined by the purpose and goals of tbe atv
Reet a the vals, power relation, ad types of cep (eg, money
auc dope, hi song athlete prowess the abit play gut)
ancien where presentational mis ste norm. Conver pea
rowing up in societies where participatory music ithe mses ra
Keres eation to musialdsnce performance. Rather sich pl
muse making ad dane, ike corvessaton are imply enjoyed a
Thal pr of sock fe aricipstory msi making constrains inv
"eae fed ta geater extent than tho oer ids do, while
ier more indivi the opporanty 10 develop their mia
ts over Metin. Somethings xt and smething iain with each
feb
ah eee eo
Perle ner eee papain
ane ee
ooo es eee
ee ee
om wes ees
one ee
sores te ae eee
eee een
ee eee
ee ee
beau alps pe remo
fr
aoa lasers
SS
sae re aE
a one ee
oe eee
Seana
majong aaa nomena salogdche na
ae eee
rotate pens cy
oes
seiceld ramets nema paysng sac fx pla an for challenge that vanced musa can
sare ad inthe activity and experence How rather hana an overt di
play of nid itty. Whe tis maybe partly pronoun
ra the Bending of intensive variation and improvisation win
‘Sen mes of sounds commen for parity traditions
"Theat characteristics of pariiptry musi reste stu
ston ana anking of advil contsbutions which in tur, cs
aoe for pangs, These sound features have evolred dies
‘eelaon tothe particule gots and value ofcasion.Partcpta
and seal fonctions to inspite people oot in, and this pe
rate making serves deeper fneion of creating pec sense of soc
‘choy bonding ad eri Final nwctics where part
vaemce dhe mon valued frm, almost everyone will row up ak
qumustcand dance and develop some competence; msi and dance
taal to everyone at normal human seve.
Simultaneous and Sequential Participation
‘The typeof patcpstory muse tit Ihave been dsessing thus far
seer Sissons in which everyone potently performs togethers
Rosie There However a second major subtype that we might.
‘Spurl parpiry mas in which everyone takes turn alone
‘eter groups perfor for the other peopl in the events ina sens,
‘Ehvntalpripatory traditions bat inca ete of pes
‘lar muse kg er won book Engedering Sv, Jne Si
tnd the tng at Presa Albian weddings. The parcial
{Bae every uch in place, ad se suggest that social pressure 1
tape esong Asan important means of setae fam
Teounathen singing i regarded asa moral act What this means ra
‘Sy speaking, tat each gues ta wedding who attends an
itlrtng ortho partcpte in ary ital activi expected to lea
“Gn at lear one song on each occasion” (19879)
"ion and women sing separately. The song lade s accompanied
second singer a the same ender who performs a suppostng Pa
Ft adja tothe lead singer. Tn ation, Sugarman noes, “a
{Soin non the drone (pare (199772). Although any numberof wo
Tee ot in droning with someone’ song, ging the appearance of
aout participation, there the dea that cach ong eader isa
‘Pike aed pertormng for ones presen. Ata Sima, somewhat
ena naiygtbering tat was pat fne welding the men i ot
voted gar the women hte mu ing Supman
se ech song end, he eer wanen confers among them
ct nb shoud sing etal ely encouraged cach woman
2a the one of dager pogessedouhl Gm le Young
ca flowed he aig ily se” 4 Ths tral