TABLA DE EQUIVALENCIAS DE UNIDADES

LONGITUD
1 m = 3.2808 ft = 100 cm = 39.3701 in
1 cm = 10-2 m = 0.393701 in = 0.032808 ft
1 mm = 10-3 m
1 μm ( 1 micra) = 10-6 m
1 Å (1 Angstrom) = 10-10 m = 10-8 cm
1 in = 2.54 cm = 0.0254 m
1 ft = 30.48 cm = 12 in = 0.3048 m
1 yd = 0.91459841 m
1 mi = 1.609 km = 1609.34 m = 5280 ft
NOTA:
in: inch (pulgada) plg
ft: feet (pies)
yd: yard (yarda)
mi: mille (milla)

MASA
1 kg = 1000 g = 2.2046 lb
1 lb = 0.453593 kg = 453.593 g = 16 oz
1 ton métrica = 1000 kg = 2205 lb
1 ton corta = 2000 lb
1 ton larga = 2240 lb
1 oz = 28.35 g = 0.02835 kg
1slug = 32.1739 lb

VOLUMEN
1 m3 = 1000 L = 35.3147 ft3 = 264.17 gal = 61023.7 in3 = 103 dm3 = 106 cm3
1 in3 = 16.39 cm3
1 ft3 = 28.3168 L = 0.02831 m3 = 28316.8 cm3
1 gal = 4.546 L = 0.004546 m3 = 277.42 in3
1 L = 1000 cm3 = 1000 mL = 1 dm3
1 cm3 = 1 mL

PRESIÓN
1 Pa = 1 N/m2
1 bar = 105 Pa = 100 kPa = 0.1 MPa = 0.986923 atm = 14.5038 psia = 1.0197 kgf/cm2
= 750.062 mm Hg = 75.0062 cm Hg = 750.062 torr = 401.48 in H2O = 108 barias
1 atm = 1.01325 bar = 101.325 kPa = 0.101325 MPa = 101325 Pa = 14.696 lbf/in2 (psi)
= 1.0332 kgf/cm2 = 76 cm Hg = 760 mm Hg = 406.8 in H2O = 33.9 ft H2O
= 1.05 x 104 mm H2O = 1.05 x 103 cm H2O = 1013250 dina/cm2 = 760 torr = 29.9212 in Hg
1 mm Hg = 13.6 mm H2O = 1.33 mbar = 133.322 Pa = 1 torr = 0.1 cm Hg = 0.03937 in Hg
1 lbf/in2 (psi) = 68948 dina/cm2 = 703.1 kgf/m2 = 6894.8 Pa = 0.0680 atm = 2.036 in Hg = 0.0689 bar

NOTA:
psi: pounds per squared inch (libras fuerza sobre pulgada cuadrada)
psia: pounds per squared inch absolute (libras fuerza sobre pulgada cuadrada absolutas)
psig: pounds per squared inch gauge (libras fuerza sobre pulgada cuadrada manométricas)
torr: torricelli
FUERZA
1 N = 1 kg m/s2
1 dina = 1 g cm/s2
1 lbf = 32.174 lb ft/s2 = 4.4482 N
1 kgf =1000 gf = 9.807 kg m/s2 = 9.807 N

ENERGÍA
1 J = 1 kg m2/s2 = 1 N m = 1 Pa m3
1 erg = 1 g cm2/s2 = 1 dina cm
1 J = 0.239 cal = 107 erg = 1 N m = 9.48 x 10-4 Btu = 9.87 x 10-3 L atm = 2.778 x 10-2 kW h
1 kJ = 1000 J = 103 Pa m3 = 104 bar cm3 = 239.01 cal = 0.94845 Btu = 737.562 lbf ft
= 1.0197 x 104 kgf cm = 9.86923 x 103 atm cm3
1 Btu = 1055.04 J = 252 cal = 778.161 lbf ft = 10.412 L atm
1 cal = 4.184 J = 3.968 x 10-3 Btu = 4.19 x 107 erg = 4.13 x 10-2 L atm = 3.086 lbf ft
1 L atm = 24.2 cal = 1.01 x 109 erg = 101 J = 0.096 Btu = 74.735 lbf ft
0.082 L atm = 1.987 cal = 8.314 J

NOTA:
Btu: British thermal unit (unidad térmica británica)

POTENCIA
1 W = 1 J/s = 1 N m/s = 1 kg m2/s3
1 W = 0.23901 cal/s = 0.8064 kcal/h = 0.7376 ft lbf/s = 9.486 x 10-4 Btu/s = 3.4144 Btu/h
= 1.341 x 10-3 hp
1 kW = 1000 W

NOTA:
hp: horse power (caballo de fuerza)

CANTIDAD DE SUSTANCIA
1 mol = 1000 mmol = 10-3 kgmol
1 kgmol (kmol) = 1000 mol = 106 mmol = 2.02462 lbmol
1 lbmol = 453.59 mol = 453 590 mmol

RELACIONES DE ESCALAS TERMOMÉTRICAS

t (°C ) t (° F ) − 32 T ( K ) − 273.15 T ( R) − 491.69
= = =
100 180 100 180

RELACIONES DE DIFERENCIAS DE TEMPERATURAS

Δt (°C ) Δt (° F ) ΔT ( K ) ΔT ( R)
= = =
100 180 100 180

⎛ 101325kPa ⎞
Ejemplo: El factor para convertir de mm Hg a Pa es ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 760kmmkHg ⎠
Elaboraron:
I. Q. Susana Alicia Flores Almazán
M. en C. Gerardo Omar Hernández Segura
UNIDADES COMUNES EN LAS QUE SE EXPRESA LA CONSTANTE UNIVERSAL DE
LOS GASES

R = 0.082 L atm/mol K
= 82.06 cm3 atm/mol K
= 8.314 m3 Pa/mol K
= 0.0834 L bar/mol K
= 8 314 cm3 kPa/mol K
= 8.314 J/mol K
= 8.314 x 107 erg/mol K
= 83.14 cm3 bar/mol K
= 62 356 cm3 torr/mol K
= 62 356 cm3 mm Hg/mol K
= 62.356 L mm Hg/mol K
= 1.987 cal/mol K
= 0.7302 ft3 atm/lbmol R
= 1.987 Btu/lbmol R
= 10.73 ft3 psia/lbmol R

Elaboraron:
I. Q. Susana Alicia Flores Almazán
M. en C. Gerardo Omar Hernández Segura
 lOMoARcPSD|25542431

Descargado por Hodaliz (hodzpehe@gmail.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|25542431

Descargado por Hodaliz (hodzpehe@gmail.com)

 L
LONGITUD
TABLA DE UNIDADES
1 mJ = 219.959 oal Brit Onza = 6.25 x 10.' Ib
2
1 J = 0.2389 cal

1 cm = 0.39370 in 1 m3 = 264172t5 gal US Quilate = .2 g 1 J = 2.778 x 10.~KW * hr

1 cm = 0.03281 R 1 rn3=1000~ Grano = 0.0648 g 1~=9.9x10"L*atm
1 cm = 1.09361 d 1 R3 = 28316.84 cm3 1 J = 6.2415 x 10" MeV
Y
1 yd = 9144x10 m FUERZA 1J=W's
1 m = 39.3700 in Dina = 2.248 x 705 I@ 1 KJ = 1000 J
1 m = 3.28084 R Dina = 1 x N Ft'l@= 1.285 x 10" Btu
1 km = 0.62137 mi Dina = 7.233 x lo5pdl Ft*lbt=1.356J
1 km = 1000 m 1 ft3 = 28.31684 L Dina = 1.020 x Ft 'lbt = 0.3239 cal
1 mm = 0.03937 in 1 R3 = 7.4813gal US Dina = 1.020 x lo5 Kgt 1 MeV= 1 x 106eV
1 in = 0.025400 m IL=IXIO m3 N = 1 x lo5 Dina 1 L*bar=lOOJ
1 in = 2.5400 cm 1 L = 3.531 x 1 0 R3 ~ ~ N = 0.2248 lbt 1 L ' atm = 24.23 cal
1 in = 25.400 mm 1 L = 61.02374 in3 N = 7.233 dl 1 ft3 atm = 2.7195 Btu
1 R=03048m 1 L = 0.2642 gal US KW'hr=3.6~10~~
1 R = 30.4800 cm 1 L = 1000 ml KW*hr=860Kcal
1 R = 12.000 in 1 ~ =dm3 l 1 lb = 4.448 i l o 5 Dina K W * hr = 3.414 Btu
Furlong = 201.17 m 1 L = 1000cm3 1 1-a = 4.448 N Wes=lJ
Legua nau = 48.88 cm 1 gal US = 3.78541 L 1 Ibt=3217pdl
Milla nau = 1852.00 m 1 gal US = 0.1337 R3 1 lbt = 453.6 gr PRESION
Milla nau = 1.852 km 1 gal US = 2.31 x 10' in3 1 I& = 0.4536 Kqt atm = 1.013 x 1 0 ~ D i n a l c m ~
1 milla = 1609.3440 m 1 gal US = 3.785 x lo3 m3 pdl = 1.383 x 10 Dina atm = 406.8 in Hz0
1 milla = 1.6093440 km 1 gal Bfii = 4.54609 L pdl = 0.1383 N atm = 760 mm Hg
1 micra = 1 x 1 0 ~
m 1 in3 = 5.787 x l o 4 R3 pdl = 3.108 x 10.' lbt atm = 760 ton
Amstrong = 1x10.'~cm 1 in3 = 4.239 x lo3 gal US pdl = 14.10 gt atm = 1.013 bar
Amstrong = 1 x 1 0 ~m
'~ 1 in3 = 1.639 x 10.' L pdl = 1 . 4 1 0 ~10.~K~~ atm = 76 cm Hg
1 in3 = 1.639 x 10.' m3 Kgt = 9.807 x lo5 Dina atm= 1 . 0 1 3 x 1 0 5 ~ l m 2
AREA 1 BaUS=119.237L Kg, = 9.807 N atm = 14.70 lbt Iln2
1 m2 = 10000 cm2 1 BaBrft=164L Kgt = 2.205 1bt ah=21161bt If?
1 m2= 1.1959yd2 1 Ba pet = 42 gal US Kg, = 70.93 pdl atm = 14.696 psi
1 m2 = 10.76391ft2 1 Ba pet = 158.987 L Kgr = 1000 gr atm = 101325 Pa
1 m2 = 1550 in2 1 peck = 8.809 L atm = 101.325 KPa
1 m2 = 1 x 10'mm2 Quart = 0.9463 L ENERG~A bar = 0.9869 atm
Pinta US = 0.4731 L Btu=1.055~10'~er~ bar = 100 KPa
Onza fluido = 29.55 ml Btu = 778.1693 ft'lbt bar = 1.415 x loJ psia
Btu = 3.929 x lo4 Hp hr bar=lx10~~1m~
TIEMPO Btu=IO%J in H i 0 = 2.458 x atm
1 a60 = 365.2422 dias Btu = 252 cal Dina 1 cm2 = 9.869 x 10.' atm
1km2=1x1~6m2 1 aiio = 31.556 x 10' seg Btu = 2.930 x 104KW' hr Ibt Iin2= 6.805 x 10.~atm
1 km2= 247.1049 acres 1 dia =24 h Btu = 6.585 x lo2' eV I@ Iin2 = 0.87 Kgt
1 mi2= 2.5899 km2 1 dla = 86400 seg Btu = 6.585 x l o f 5MeV
Ha = 0.01 km2 1 hora = 3600 seg Btu = 1.174 x 10.'~K 5 POTENCIA
1 fl' = 0.093 m2 1 Hz = 1 s-' Btu = 7.074 x 10" uma KW = 1.341 Hp
1 R2 = 144 in2 erg = 9.481 x 10.'' Btu KW=lOOOW
1 R2= 0.11 yd2 MASA erg = 97.376 x 10' R * lbt KW = 0.9478 Btu 1 s
1 ft2= 923 03 cm2 erg = 3.725 x 10.'~ Hp hr KW = 737.6 R * lb, 1s
1 yd2 = 9.000 f? era = IX J W=l Jls
1 yd2 = 1296 in2 1 ~g = 0.0197 quintal (cwt) erg = 2.389 x loa cal W=0.7376R*lbtls
1 yd7= 0.836 m2 1 Kg = 0.001 ton era = 2.778 x 10"' K W * hr W=O.l02Kgt ' m l s
1 yd2 = 8361.21 cm2 1 Kg = 0.06852 slug c i = 3.968 x loJ Btu W = 0.2389 cal Is
1 lb = 16 onza cal = 4.186 x lo7erg Hp = 0.7457 KW
VOLUMEN 1 lb = 0.45359 Kg cal = 3.087 R * 1% Hp = 745.7 W
1 cm3= 0.06182 in3 1 lb = 453.59 g c a l = 1 . 5 5 9 ~ 1 0 Hp'hr Hp=550R'I@ls
1 cm3= 3.531 x 10.~R3 1 lb = 0.0089 quintal (cwt) cal = 4.186 J Hp=76.MKgt'mls
IC ~ ~ = I X I O ~ ~ ~ 1 ib = 4.54 x 10.~ton cal= 1 . 1 6 3 ~108KW'hr Hp~m = 746.043 W
1 cm3 = 1.308 x 10~\d3 1 lb = 7 x lo3 granos cal=4.129~10~~L~atm H~
M
,,. = 9809.50 W
Icm3=1m~ 1 ton = 1000 Kg 1 Kcal = 1000 cal 1 cv=75Kgt ' m l s
1 m3= 35.31 R3 1 ton = 2204.4 lb IJ=lN'm R'IbtIs = 1.356W
1 m3 = 61024 in3 1 ton = 19.684 quintal 1 J = 9.481 x lo' Btu R*lbtls=0.138Kgt ' m l s
1 m3 = 1 x 108cm3 1 ton coda = 907.1874 Kg 1 J = 1x l o 7 erg ft*l&1s=1.82x10"~~
1 m3 = 1000 cm3 1 ton Brit = 10160459 Kg 1 J=0.7376ft*lbt Kg, ' m I s = 9 . 8 0 6 W
1 m3 = 1.308 yd3 Onza = 28.34952 g 1 J = 3.725 x 1u7 Hp 'hr Kgt 'mIs=7.233R'IbtIs
1 bosie=o,l ~ g / m * s
1 posie=242lb/ft's
1 cp = 0.01 poise
1 cp =6.72x iblft
1 c p = 1 XIO.~P~'s
1 Kg/m's=lOpoise
1 lb/ft's=l.486Kg/m*s
1C S = ~ ~ I O ~ ~ ~ ~ I S

TEMPERATURA
'C = ("F - 3 2 ) l l . E
"C = "K-273.15
'C = (519) ("R - 492)
"K = "C + 273.15
"K = ((OF -32) 11.8) + 273
"R=460+"F
"R = 18("K-273.15)+492
"R = (1.VC) + 492
"F = ( l . V C ) + 32

EQUIVALENCIAS DE
TEMPERATURA
1 "C = 1.8 "F
1 "C = 1 "K
1 "C = 1.8 "R
1 "F = 0.5 "C
1 "F=o5"K
1"F=l0R
1 "K = 1.8 "F
1 "K=1.8"R
1 "K = 0.5 "C

CONSTANTE DE LOS GASES

R = 1.987 cal I(gd)(K)
R = 1.987 Btu 1(lb,,,)("R)
R = 10.73 (psia)(R3)1 (lb,,i)("~)
R = 1545 (R)( Ibf)1Qb,d)("R)
2
R = 8.314 (KPa)(m 1(Kgm,)(K)
R = 8314 (KPa)(cm ) 1(Kg,d)(K)
R = 8.314 J I(g,,l)(K)
R = 82.06 (atm)(cm) 1(gm0,)(K)
R = 62356 (torr)(cm ) 1(ama)(K)
R = 008206 (atmJ(L) I(g,[)(K)
R = 21.9 (inHg)(R ) I (Lbmo~)("R)
R = 07302 (atm)(ft3)l(~b,,)("~)
R = 83.14 (bar)(cm3)/(g,a)(~)
R = 62.31 (mmHg)(L)/(g,d)(K)
 TABLAS DE CONVERSION DE UNIDADES

LONGITUD
metro milímetro pulgada pie yarda milla (statute)
m mm in (¨) ft yd mi
1 1000 39,3700787 3,2808399 1,0936133 0,00062137
0,001 1 0,0393701 0,0032808 0,0010936 0,00000062137
0,0254 25,4 1 0,08333 0,02777 0,000015782
0,3048 304,8 12 1 0,333 0,00018939
0,9144 914,4 36 3 1 0,00056818

SUPERFICIE
metro cuadrado hectárea pulgada cuadrada pie cuadrado yarda cuadrada acre
m2 ha in2 ft2 yd2
1 0,0001 1550,0031 10,76391 1,19599 0,00024711
10000 1 15500031 107639,1 0,0001196 2,4710538
0,0006,4516 0,00000006451 1 0,006944 0,0007716 0,00000015942
0,09290304 0,000009290351 144 1 0,111 0,000022957
0,8361274 0,000083613 1296 9 1 0,00020661
4046,856 0,4046856 6272640 43560 4840 1

VOLUMEN
metro cúbico litro pie cúbico galón (USA) galón imperial (GB) barril de petróleo
m3 dm3 ft3 gal gal bbl (oil)
1 1000 35,3146667 264,17205 219,96923 6,2898108
0,001 1 0,0353147 0,2641721 0,2199692 0,0062898
0,0283168 28,3168466 1 7,4805195 6,2288349 0,1781076
0,0037854 3,7854118 0,1336806 1 0,8326741 0,0238095
0,0045461 4,5460904 0,1635437 1,20095 1 0,028594
1589873 158987295 56145833 42' 34,9723128 1
1 gal (USA) =3,78541dm3
1 ft 3 =0,0283 m 3

UNIDADES DE PRESION
kilopascal atmósfera técnica milímetro de c. Hg metros de c. agua libras por pulgada2 bar
kN /m 2 Kgf/cm2 (0ºC) (4ºC) lib/in 2 100000 Pa
kPa atm mm Hg m H2O psi bar (hpz)
1 0,0101972 7,5006278 0,1019745 0,1450377 0,01
98,0665 1 735,560217 1000028 14,2233433 0,980665
0,1333222 0,0013595 1 0,0135955 193367 0,0013332
9,8063754 0,0999972 73,5539622 1 1,4222945 0,0980638
6,8947573 0,070307 51,7150013 0,7030893 1 0,0689476
100 1,0197162 750,062679 10,1974477 14,5037738 1
1 in H 2 O (60ºF = 15,55ºC) = 0,248843 kPa
in H2O (60ºF=20ºC)=0,248641 kPa
1 atmósfera física (Atm)= 101,325 kPa=760 mm Hg
in Hg (60ºF=20ºC)=3,37685 kPa
1 Torr= (101,325/760) kPa

Tablas.-431
 ENERGIA (Calor y Trabajo)
Kilojulio kW/hora Hourse power/hora Caballo/hora Kilocaloría (IT) British
USA 550 ft.lbf/seg 75 m.Kgf/seg Kcal(IT) Thermal Unit
kJ kW h hp. h CV.h Kcal (IT) Btu (IT)
1 0,0002777 0,000372506 0,000377673 0,2388459 0,9478171
3600 1 1,3410221 1,3596216 859,84523 3412,1416
2684,5195 0,7456999 1 1,0138697 641,18648 2544,4336
2647,7955 0,7354988 0,9863201 1 632,41509 2509,6259
4,1868 0,001163 0,00155961 0,00158124 1 3,9683207
1,0550559 0,000293071 0,00039301 0,000398466 0,2519958 1
1 termia = 1000 Kcal
1 therm = 100.000 Btu
1 But (IT) = 1055,0558 J
1 kilogramo fuerza.metro (m.Kgf) = 0,00980665 kJ
IT se refiere a las unidades definidas en International Steam Table

MACROUNIDADES ENERGETICAS
Terajulio Gigavatio hora Teracaloría (IT) Ton. equivalente Ton. equivalente Barril de petróleo
de carbón de petróleo día-año
TJ GW h Tcal (IT) Tec Tep bd
1 0,2727 0,2388459 34,1208424 23,8845897 0,4955309
3,6 1 0,8598452 122,8350326 85,9845228 1,7839113
4,1868 1,163 1 142,8571429 100 2,0746888
0,0293076 0,008141 0,007 1 0,7 0,0145228
0,041868 0,01163 0,01 1,4285714 1 0,0207469
2,0180376 0,560568 0,482 68,8571429 48,2 1

POTENCIA
Kilowatio Kilocaloría/hora Btu (IT)/hora Horse power (USA) Caballo vapor Tonelada de
métrico refrigeración
kW Kcal (IT)/h Btu (IT)/h hp CV
1 859,84523 3412,1416 1,3410221 1,3596216 0,2843494
0,001163 1 3,9683207 0,0015596 0,0015812 0,0003307
0,00029307 0,2519958 1 0,00039301 0,00039847 0,000083335
0,7456999 641,18648 2544,4336 1 1,0138697 0,2120393
0,7354988 632,41509 2509,6259 0,9863201 1 0,2091386
3,5168 3023,9037 11999,82 4,7161065 4,7815173 1
1 caballo vapor (métrico> = 75 m kgf/seg = 735,499 W
1 Horse power (USA) mecánico = 550 ft Ibf/seg

TEMPERATURA
Temperatura en ºC = (ºF -32)/1,8
Temperatura en ºF = 1,8 ºC + 32
Temperatura en ºK = ºC + 273,14

PREFIJOS DEL SISTEMA INTERNACIONAL DE UNIDADES

Prefijo exa peta tera giga mega kilo hecto deca deci centi mili micro nano pico femto atto
Símbolo E P T G M k h da d c m m n p f a
Factor 1e +18 1e +15 1e +12 1e +9 1e +6 1000 100 10 0,1 0,01 0,001 1e-6 1e-9 1e -12 1e -15 1e -18

Tablas.-432