March 25, 2020 Hello Everyone! It appears for the time being we will not be together. | am praying that you and your families are all safe and healthy. Right now that is of the utmost importance When we return to school, we will catch up on anything we miss and spend a lot of time in the shop. | can’t wait to see all of you. For now, I do not want you falling behind. | have included the materials that we would be covering in class during the next few weeks. Please complete and bring back with you when you return on April 17". If you have any questions you can reach me through email at mtaylor@tcsdms.org. Your teacher, Michael TaylorLearning Opportunities for 2nd Block Carpentry March 25, 2020 Module 26101-17 Orientation to Electrical Trade * Read all sections and complete section reviews © Complete Review Questions p. 17 © Complete Trade Terms Quiz on p. 18 * Please make sure that all assignments are completed on Notebook paperPORE SP) Peeetees Ts foarer Pie! UAltibs IPeeeuneeianbelasonbe Module OneCT heey ORIENTATION TO THE ELECTRICAL TRADE Objectives When you have completed this module, you will be able to do the following: 1. Identify the various sectors and trade optionsin the electrical industry. a. Describe the typical components in a residential wiring system b. Describe the typical components in a commercial wiring system. ¢. Describe the typical components in an industrial wiring system. d. List various career paths and opportunities in the electrical trade. 2. Understand the apprenticeship /training process for electricians. a. List Department of Labor (DOL) requirements for apprenticeship. b. Describe various types of training in the electrical field. 3, Understand the responsibilities of the employee and employer a. Identify employee responsibilities b, Identify employer responsibilities Performance Tasks} ————————___ This is a knowledge-based module; there are no performance tasks. Trade Terms Electrical service Raceway system Occupational Safety and Health Administration Rough-in (OsHa) Trim-out On-the-job learning (OJL) $s ——_—_— Industry Recognized Creden: IF you are training through an NCCER-accredited sponsor, you may be eligible for credentials from NCCER’s Registry. The 1 number for this module is 26101-17. Note that this module may have been used in other NCCER curricula and may apply to other level completions. Contact NCCER’S Registry at 888.622.3720 or go to wwwanccer.org for more information. Note NEPA 70®, National Electrical Code® and NEC® are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA.1.0.0 Identifying Sectors and Trade Options in the Electrical Industry. 1 1.1.0 Residential Wiring Systems 1 4.2.0 Commercial Wiring Systems 4 1.3.0 Industrial Wiring Systems 1 440 Coreor Paths ond Opportunitios inthe Electrical Trade... 4 1.4.1 Residential Electrician. 4 142 Commercial Electrician 5 443 Industrial Electrician 5 1.4.4 Electrics! Maintenance Technician 5 2.0.0 Training and Apprenticeship Process for Electricians 8 21.0 DOL Apprenticeship Standards. 8 2.2.0 Types of Training 9 22.1 On-the-Job Learning oe 22.2. Youth Apprenticeship Program... - seen 1 2.23 Licensing - . suemnnsene 10 3.00. Employee and Employer Responsibilities. nme 14 3.1.0 Employee Responsibilities - seetiae M 3.11 Professionalism 1 3.1.2 Honesty. n 3.13 Loyalty 1 3.14 Willingness to Learn 12 3.18 Taking Responsibility 12 3.16 Cooperation oo 12 3.1.7 Rules and Regulations nn... 12 3.18 Tardiness and Absenteeism ; spousiues 3.19. Safety... 13 14 3.2.0 Employer ResponsibilitiesFigures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Primary components of residential wiring. Commercial electrical system components. Industrial electrical equipment. ‘Tract homes . . Metal frame commercial building. Instrumentation installation Magnetic motor starter Are flash hood sense sO1.0.0 IDENTIFYING SECTORS AND TRADE OPTIONS IN THE ELecTRICAL INDUSTRY Objective Identify the various sectors and trade options in the electrical industry. a. Describe the typical components in a residential wiring system. b. Describe the typical components in a commercial wiring system. . Describe the typical components in an industrial wiring system 4d. List various career paths and opportunities in the electrical trade. ‘Trade Terms Electrical service; The electrical components that are used to connect the serving utility to the premises wiring system. Raceway system: An enclosure that houses the conductors in an electrical system (such as fit- tings, boxes, and conduit.) Rough-in: The installation of the raceway sys- tem, wiring, or cable, Trim-out: The installation and termination of de- vices and fixtures after rough-in. e live in a world of electrical depen dency, where most people take its avail- ability for granted until we experience an unexpected power failure or power outage. It takes an army of electrically skilled individuals to generate, transmit, distribute, and maintain electrical systems and equipment in order to pro- vide the convenience of continuous and quality electrical energy. ‘The electrical field can be divided into three broad categories: residential, commercial, and in. dustrial. As you study to become an electrician, you will reach a point at which you must decide Which area of electrical work you want to pursue. Many skilled electricians become comfortable in residential or commercial wiring, whereas oth- ers feel at home in large industrial facilities, such as petrochemical plants, installing or maintain- ing huge electrical systems including, motors and & 2101-17 Orientation to the Electrical Trade control devices, Later on in your career, you may decide to start your own company or teach others the trade. 1.1.0 Residential Wiring Systems ‘Components of a residential electrical system include an electrical supply, electrical service, nonmetallic-sheathed cable, nail-on device boxes, panelboards, and fixtures. Phases of residential electrical wiring include rough-in, trim-oul, tes ing, and troubleshooting. The following primary components of residential wiring systems are shown in Figure 1 Pad-mounted transformer Electrical service Nail-on device box Nonmetallic-sheathed cable Interior panel (subpanel) Luminaire (lighting fixture) Interior panel enclosures, such as the one shown in Figure I (E), are typically installed and partially terminated during the rough-in stage. 1.2.0 Commercial Wiring Systems Electrical installations in commercial structures, such as office buildings and stores, contain many of the same elements of residential installations. One exception is thal, in commercial and indus- trial electrical installations, conductors are typi- cally installed in metal raceways, requiring the insialling electricians to be skilled in conduit bending. A well-trained electrician can install a metal raceway system with little or no waste in conduit, while an inexperienced beginner will typically go through several pieces of conduit be- fore acquiring the necessary bend. Some of the clements that make up a commer cial electrical system are shown in Figure 2. These inelude a pad-mounted commercial transformer, the commercial electrical service, conduit, a fire alarm system, and office and outdoor lighting 1.3.0 Industrial Wiring Systems Because of the hazardous materials that exist in many industrial facilities, the installation and maintenance of electrical systems in these vola- tile environments must follow rigid requirements governed by the National Electrical Code (NE For similar reasons, commercial and residential installations also have strict code requirements that electricians must obey. Module One 12 NCCER - Electrical Level One 26101-17 | { (F) LUMINAIRE (LIGHTING FIXTURE) Figure 1 Primary components of residential wiring,(E) OFFICE LIGHTING Figure 2. Commercial electrical system components © 26101-17 Orientation to the Electrical Trade Module One 3Conduit systems in volatile environments must be sealed to outside vapors and gases, and any potential sparking or arcing device must be con- tained withina special enclosure or casing ta pre vent the ignition of hazardous vapors that might be present Industrial electricians are generally split into two groups: installers and maintenance person nel. In large industrial facilities, electrical systems, are typically installed by contract electricians who do not work directly for the facility but rather for a contractor hired by the facility. It is the responsibility of these electricians to install conduit systems, conductors, motors, and equip: ment. The completed system is then turned over to maintenance electricians who work directly for the facility (on-site personnel). These electricians maintain the system once it is energized and operating. In smaller facilities, industrial plant electricians may both install and maintain the electrical equipment. Figure 3 illustrates some of the electrical equip ment that may be found in industrial facilities, including distribution switchgear, rigid metallic conduit (RMC), and a motor control center 1.4.0 Career Paths and Opportunities in the Electrical Trade Every electrical system in the United States and all over the world must be installed and maintained by someone qualified to do the work. This creates a great opportunity for work that is reward both personally and financially. Growth in the industry, new technology, upgrading and retro- fitting of existing equipment, and retirement of current workers create openings for trained and skilled electricians. Examples of electrical occupa- tions include residential electrician, commercial electrician, industrial electrician, and electrical maintenance technician. 1.4.1 Residential Electrician ‘The primary goal of a residential electrician is to provide a complete electrical system in a resi- dential structure. Elements of a residential wiring installation include installing the electrical ser- vice entrance equipment, branch circuit conduc- tors, device boxes, panel enclosures, overcurrent protective devices (circuit breakers), and lighting, smoke detectors, and other fixtures Residential electrical contractors are the pri- mary employers of residential electricians. Various methods of employment are available, depending on the policies of the contractor Residential electricians often work directly for (c) MOTOR CONTROL CENTER Figure 3 Industrial electrical equipment the contractor. Under other circumstances, elec- tricians work as individual contractors who are responsible for filing their own taxes and provid- ing their own insurance, as well as supplying NCCER ~ Electrical Level One 26101-17 ©their own equipment. The latter type of electri cians are generally paid by piece work, which is a fixed price for each house completed. Tract homes (subdivisions), similar to those shown in Figure 4, are frequently wired by residential electricians. 1.4.2 Commercial Electrician Commercial electricians install power, light, and control wiring in various locations including apartment buildings, stores, offices, service sta- tions, and hospitals. Commercial electricians are generally em- ployed by electrical contractors who work as subcontractors for a_general contractor. Many electrical contractors install both residential and commercial wiring, such as in metal frame com- mercial buildings (shown in Figure 5). However, they often rely on electricians who are specialists in one or the other type of wiring. 1.4.3 Industrial Electrician Electricians who specialize in installing electri- cal systems in industrial facilities require ad- ditional training due to the amount of specialty equipment that must be installed and tested. Electricians working in hazardous locations must understand the special code requirements asso- ciated with these locations. These craft workers must differentiate between the hazardous classes and divisions and know the requirements for each class and division. Electricians must be fa- miliar with three-phase power, motors, and mo- tor control systems. Industrial electricians may also be responsible for installing the conduit and wiring for process control instrumentation, such as the installation shown in Figure 6, Electricians must be able to troubleshoot any of these systems should they fail during initial testing. Large corporations and contractors that spe cialize in building industrial facilities typically employ industrial electricians 1.4.4 Electrical Maintenance Technician Electrical maintenance technicians work in com- mercial and industrial facilities. These technicians typically work directly for the owner or manage- meat of the facility. In large facilities usually are members of a maintenance group supervised by a maintenance manager or supervisor In industrial facilities, maintenance electricians are frequently responsible for both the electrical and instrumentation systems and equipment and are referred to as E61 technicians. Instrumentation expertise is a trade of its own, and it requires additional training over and above the electrical skills training found in this course. Figure § Metal frame commercial building. Figure 4 Tract homes, © 2610-17 Orientation to the Electrical Trade Medule One 5Figure 6 Instrumentation installation, Electrical maintenance electricians are usually employees of the facility; however, there are con- tract maintenance groups that provide mainte- nance personnel who work side-by-side with full time plant personnel in maintaining electrical and instrumentation systems. A common component in industrial facilities with which all electrical maintenance personr must be familiar is the magnetic motor starter, illustrated in Figure Z In indusustrial environ- ments, magnetic motor starters frequently fail, so maintenance electricians must be able to disa semble and reassemble, troubleshoot, and re these components Lighting the New York Skyline ‘The fist searelight on tp ofthe Empire State Building heralded the election of Franklin O : min 1882. series of floelights were insaled in 1964 to luminate the top 30 floors of tho building. Today, the color of tho Tights Is changed for various events. For exemple, the lights are yellow durin the US Open and they are red, white, and blue on Independence De. The building i lt rom the 72nd floor tothe bose of theTV antenna by 204 metal halide lamps and 510 fluorescent amps. In 1984, a colorchanging apparatus wes added in the uppermost mooring mast There ave 60 vericaland 220 horlzontl fluorescent lights,The colors ean be changed with the fick ofa switch Figure Credit: © iStockphoto.com/haveseen NCCER = Electrical Level One 28101-17 ©Electricians Connect the New England Patriots to the 21st Century te took a team of 200 electricians to build Gitte Stauium™ forthe New England Patriots in 2000. The main scope cyeevk wes 290 milion contract forthe stadium's power, lighting, voice and data systems, and the aboveground Slecttca! infvestracure. In 16 months, electricians installed 4,000,000 feet of wire and cable, 900,000 feet of tecoway, 310 panel boards, 1/000 intorior ight fixtures, and 728 spors lighting fixtures. The project elso included 2 2. 0008V generatar ond five substations for emergency power systems. Additional Resources National Electrical Code® Hanabook, Latest Edition. Quincy, MA: Netional Fire Protection Association. 1.0.0 Section Review 1. The termination of devices and fixtures is com- 3. In industrial facilities, the electrical systems are pleted during a construction phase known as most likely maintained by _. — a. on-site maintenance personnel a. rough-in b. external electrical contractors b. trim-out . senior management ©. final finish d. the local utility d. cleanup 4. Employers of commercial electricians are gen- 2. Which of the following is true with regard to rally electrical contractors who work as sub- commercial electrical work? contractors for _. larger electrical contractors standards organizations general contractors architects a, Wiringis rarely installed in raceways b. Most wiringis installed in classified (haz~ ardous) locations. c. Fire alarm systems are commonly required. 4. Itis exactly the same as residential work © 2e101-17 Orientation to the Electrical Trade Module One 72.0.0 TRAINING AND APPRENTICESHIP PROCESS FOR ELECTRICIANS Objective Understand the apprenticeship/training process for electricians a. List Department of Labor (DOL) requirements for apprenticeship. b. Describe various types of training in the electrical field Trade Term On-the-job learning (OJL): Job-related learning an apprentice acquires whilé working under the supervision of jourey-level workers. Also called on-the-job training (OT) New homes, schools, office buildings, malls, airports, industrial plants, and many other types of structures are being constructed every day. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, this new construction creates a very great demand for new workers every year While you are in an on-the-job learning (OL) program, you are being paid to learn the trade. ‘This is a huge advantage compared to a typical college student who may be paying a large tuition Dill to attend class. Another advantage of learn- ing on the job is the hands-on experience you get, which is invaluable in any job. Pay in the construction industry is very good, and the pay for electricians is close to the top of the scale for all construction occupations, There are many ways to increase your skills and grow professionally in construction. There are many opportunities to try different types of jobs and earn more money within the electrical trade. You will find that electrical work is demanding but fulfilling. There is a large variety of work to be done. You may be indoor’ installing boxes or hooking up motor controllers, or you may be out side climbing a ladder or running conduit on a pipe rack high in the air: Electricity and electrical equipment are needed everywhere. This means jobs for electricians are also needed everywhere. T* demand for skilled electricians is high, Apprentice training goes back thousands of years, and its basic principles have not changed First, it is a means for a person entering the craft to learn from those who have mastered the craft. Second, it focuses on learning by do- ing—real skills versus theory. Some theory is presented in the classroom. However, it is al- ways presented in a way that helps the trainee understand the purpose behind the skill that is to be learned, 2.4.0 DOL Apprenticeship Standards The US Department of Labor (DOL) Office of Apprenticeship sets the minimum standards for training programs across the country. These programs rely on mandatory classroom instruc- tion and OJL. They require at least 144 hours of classroom instruction per year and 2,000 hours of OJL per year. In a typicai electrical apprentice- ship program, trainees spend at least 576 hours in Classroom instruction and 8.000 hours in OJL be- fore receiving, journeyman certificates issued by registered apprenticeship programs. To address the training needs of the profes- sional communities, NCCER developed a four- year electrical training program. NCCER uses the minimum DOL standards as a foundation for comprehensive curricula that provide trainees with in-depth classroom and OJL experience. This NCCER curriculum provides trainees with industry-driven training and education. It adopts a purely competency-based teaching ap- proach. This means that trainees must show the instructor that they possess the knowledge and skills needed to safely perform the hands-on tasks that are covered in each module. When a certified instructor is satisfied that a trainee has the required knowledge and skills for_a given module, that information is sent to NCCER and kept in the Registry system, NCCER’s Registry system can then confirm train- ing and skills for workers as they move from slate to state, from company to company, or even within a company. See the Appendix for examples of the credentials issued by NCCER. Whether you enroll in an NCCER program or another apprenticeship program, make sure you work for an employer or sponsor who sup- ports a nationally standardized training program that includes credentials 10 confirm your skill development NCCER ~ Electrical Level One 26101-17 ©Wide World of Sports Every fall, 600 men and women from 47 countries participate in the US Open tennis tournament held in NewYork. The United States Tennis Association's National Tennis Center includes 33 outdoor courts, 9 indoor courts, and 3 stadium-style courts, making it the largest public tennis facility in the world. When the tennis center was expanded, electricians iaid more than 415 miles of high-performance cable with mare than 80,000 terminations and 5 miles of fiver optic cable. The scope of work included multimedia systems covering network broadcast, intornal cableTV distribution, scoring systems, and eudio capabilities. Tha broadcast system includes 8TV studios, 3 interview rooms, and 30 broadcast booths. During the Open, the scores from all the ‘courts are posted live through the complex end to the US Open website. 2.2.0 Types of Training All apprenticeship standards prescribe certain work-related or on-the-job learning (OJL). This training may begin after graduation from high school or before graduation as a part of a youth apprenticeship program. After the training is completed, electricians may sit for one or more li- censing exams 2.2.1 On-the-Job Learning ‘The OJLis broken down into specific tasks in which the apprentice receives hands-on training. In ad- dition, a specified number of hours is required in each task. The total number of OJL hours for an ap- prenticeship program is traditionally 8,000, which amounts to four Years of training, Ina competency-based program, it may be pos- sible to shorten this time by testing out of specific tasks through a series of performance exams. In a traditional program, the required OJL may be acquired in inerements of 2,000 hours per year ‘The apprentice must log all work time and turn it in to the apprenticeship committee so that ac curate time control can be maintained. After each 1,000 hours of related work, the apprentice ty cally will receive a pay increase as prescribed by the apprenticeship standards. Por those entering an apprenticeship program, a high school or technical school education is @| 200117 Orientation to the Electrical Trade desirable. Courses in shop, mechanical drawing, and general mathematics are helpful. Manual dexterity, good physical conditioning, and quick reflexes are important. The ability to solve prob- lems quickly and accurately and to work closely with others is essential. You must also have high awareness of safety concerns. The prospective apprentice must submit cer- tain information to the apprenticeship commit tee. This may include the following: * Aptitude test (General Aptitude Test Battery or GATB Form Test) results (usually admin- istered by the local Employment’ Security Commission) * Proof of educational background (candidate should have school transcripts sent to the com- mittee) * Letters of reference from past employers and friends * Proof of age «If the candidate is a veteran, a copy of Form Dp214 * A record of technical training received that relates to the construction industry and/or a record of any pre-apprenticeship training Some companies have physical activity requirements that apprentices must meet. These requirements vary from company to company. Generally, apprentices must do the following: + Wear proper safety and personal protective equipment (PPE) on the job + Purchase and maintain tools of the trade es needed and required by the contractor + Submit a monthly on-the-job training report to the committee ‘+ Report to the committee if @ change in em: ployment status occurs ‘+ Attend classroom-related instruction and adhere to all classroom regulations, such as | attendance requirements | Note that informal OJL provided by employ- ers is usually less thorough than OJL provided through a formal apprenticeship program. The degree of training, and supervision in this type of program often depends on the size of the em- ployer. A small contractor may provide training, in only one area, whereas a large company may. be able to provide training in several areas. Module One 92.2.2 Youth Apprenticeship Program Also available is the Youth Apprenticeship Pro- gram, which allows students to begin their ap- prentice training while still in high school Students entering the program in eleventh grade can complete as much as two years of the NCCER Standardized Craft Training four-year program by high school graduation. In addition, the pro- gram, in cooperation with local craft employers, allows students to work in the trade and earn money while still in school. Upon graduation, stu- dents can enter the industry at a higher level and with more pay than someone just starting the ap- ptenticeship program, This training program is similar to the one used by NCCER learning centers, contractors, and colleges across the country, Students are recognized through official transcripts and can enter the next year of the program wherever it is offered. Students may also have the option of ap- plying the credits at a two-year or four-year col- lege that offers degree or certification programs in the construction trades. Additional Resources 2.2.3 Licensing After completing your training, you will probably want to take your state or local licensing exam The purpose of licensing is to provide assurance that you are qualified to install and/or maintain electrical systems. Licensing and will allow you to work independently and earn a higher income. As a licensed electrician, you are not only responsible for your work, but you are liable for that work as well. [f someone is working for you, then you are also responsible and liable for that person's work Licensing requirements vary from state to state and may vary by municipality. Contact your lo- cal building department for the requirements in your area. After you receive your license, your State or locality may require continuing education in order to renew your license. Think About It ensing What are the licensing requirements your area? 29 CFR 1900-1910, Standards for General Industry, Occupational Safety and Health Administration US Department of Labor. www.ecfr.gov 29 CFR 1926, Standards for the Construction Industry, Occupational Safety and Health Administration US Department of Labor. www.ecrf.gov 2.0.0 Section Review 1, The NCCER electrical training program applies DOL standards and is a a. one-year program b. two-year program ©. three-year program d. four-year program 10 2. Entry into an apprenticeship program is likely to require a(n) a. GATB Form Test b. license . Scholastic Aptitude Test d. OSHA 40-hour course NCCER ~ Electrical Level One 26101-17 ©