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DEBATE
Definition:

In a simple way, debate is an activity that gives platform for you to have a freedom to speak
up about current issues (e.g. politics, economy, law, environment and etc.) involving two side
of the house, affirmative and negative. Also, you need to give valid information and valid data.
In debate you need to discuss something intensely.

Motions:

Motion is a topic or a regulation that you going to discuss. Usually motion that use in
debating are current issues, economic, politic, law, etc. And during debating in this context,
generally we have some types of motions.

1. THW (This House Would)

This means that the regulations are soon going to be applicable. For example: THW
apply single sex school.

2. THBT (This House Believe that)

This means that there is a regulation on progress and there is a problem about it and
it’s debate-able.

For example: THBT Private school is better than Public School.

3. THR (This House Regret)

This means that there is already have an existence about something, and it’s being
regret by everyone.

For Example: THR that GOJEK develop their developing their business branches that
it’s not their field (Go-Pay, Go Pulsa, Go Box, Go Food, Go Massage, etc.)

4. THS (This House Support)

This means that there is already have an existence about something, and it’s being
supported by the government.

For Example: THS freedom of expression that did by the society towards Omnibus
Law.

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Aspects in Debate:

1. Confidence.
2. Bravery.
3. Relax.
4. Being a Wikipedia.
5. Control your emotions.
6. Don’t forget to keep respect on each other even though you are very sure with your
statement.

Rules:

1. Time for delivering speech: 7 minutes & 20 Seconds

2. POI (Point of Information): 15 seconds
3. POI will be started in 1 minutes of the speaker’s speech until 6 minutes. During POI
you will only give 15 seconds. And in 1 minutes you’ll notified by 1 click bell, and 1
other bell in the 6th minute to remind you the time for POI it’s over.
4. Stay silent when other speakers are talking
5. Prohibited to bring religion rules, constitution, etc. as main argument irrelevantly

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Debate Styles:

1. Asian Parliamentary

Speaker Role:
1st Speaker: Setting up the debate
✓ Defining the motion
✓ Background
✓ Burden of proof
✓ Stance
✓ Mechanism
✓ Argument

2nd Speaker:
✓ Clarification
✓ Rebuttal
✓ Argument

3rd Speaker:
✓ Clarification
✓ Rebuttal
✓ Evaluating the debate
✓ Conclusion
✓ Persuade the adjudicator or panels to win your team

Reply Speaker in AP:

✓ Evaluating what is exactly happen on the debate
✓ Persuade the adjudicator to win the debate.

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 2. British Parliamentary

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How to Make an Argument:

✓ Identify the actor

✓ Predict the future Impact

✓ Use AREL method when deliver your argument:

For example, with using motions THW ban cigarettes

A = Assertion (Judul): we think with banning cigarettes is an Effective way for a

better environment.

R = Reason (Alasan): tell the bad impact of cigarettes to environment

E = Evidence (Bukti Nyata): giving an example of that, ex: pollution, burn the
CO2,etc.

L = Link Back (Penegasan Ulang): and we think, it’s still ok for banning cigarettes in
case for save our environment.

Tips for Making an Argument:

✓ Predict your opponent’s argument, then tackle out and counter that!

✓ Analyze the topics in each aspect that have relations with the topics or the motions.
Then, find the problem then bring it to your argument!!

✓ Your stance could be your basic reason to develop argument!!

How to Develop Arguments:

Argument is a series of statements (in a natural language), called the premises or premises
(both spellings are acceptable), and intended to determine the degree of truth of another
statement, the conclusion. The logical form of an argument in a natural language can be
represented in a symbolic formal language, and independently of natural language formally
defined "arguments" can be made in math and computer science.

So, based on the power point slide before, how to develop argument is:

✓ Predict your opponent’s argument, then tackle out and counter that!

✓ Analyse the topics in each aspect that have relations with the topics or the motions.
Then, find the problem then bring it to your argument

✓ Your stance could be your basic reason to develop argument

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The purpose of the develop argument are:

1. To provide In-depth training on first principles and the building block for effective
and substantive case building

2. To provide examples of structured coaching

3. To document the training for further proliferations of good debating training.

Constructing Arguments:

You need to know the difference between an argument and an assertion. In simple terms an
assertion is something that is stated as true, without enough analysis to demonstrate that it is
reasonable to believe that the statement is likely to be true. It’s a statement of fact, without
proof of its validity.

1. Idea

The idea is simply the point you are trying to make. It’s just a heading or a title – it might
be true, it might not, but that’s something for you to prove later. So, for example, in the
debate “That we should ban smoking in pubs and clubs”, the first affirmative speaker
might have as the IDEA for one argument, “that banning smoking will improve the
profits of the businesses involved”.

Now that may be true, but it hasn’t been proved yet; it’s just an IDEA. IDEA’s are often
the things you mention when you are signposting your part of the team split. For example:
“I will be talking about the economic reasons why we should ban smoking in pubs and
clubs. My first argument is that it will improve the profits of the businesses involved.”

2. Analysis

Once you have an IDEA, the next step is to provide the analysis to prove it. Basically, this
is where you show logically or analytically that the IDEA is likely to be true (it’s hard to
really “prove” things in debates, but you can show it’s highly likely to be true). You can
do this by demonstrating that logically the IDEA is true when taken in the context of the
topic, or you can offer a series of reasons to support it.

Using the previous example of banning smoking, a speaker might say, “Banning smoking
will actually generate more profits for businesses, because it will attract more customers.
At present many potential customers are put off going out to pubs and clubs, or cut short
their visits because they are put off by cigarette smoke, which they know is dangerous to
them”.

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 You could explain this in more detail but I think you get the point. However, although
this ANALYSIS is partially persuasive on its own as a justification for the IDEA, it
would be stronger if it had some evidence.

3. Evidence

The third step, EVIDENCE, is usually the easiest. This is the stage where you provide
something like a statistic, a survey, a case study or an analogy to give greater credibility
to your IDEA and ANALYSIS.

Partly because it’s the easiest to do, it’s also the least important link in the chain of an
argument, but it’s a good thing to have. So, to finish our example-argument one piece of
evidence might be a survey conducted by ASH (Action on Smoking and Health) that
demonstrates how a significant number of people would spend more time in smoke-free
pubs and clubs.

4. Linking Back

The last step is linking back. In this phase, you need to give a hold on your speech to
make sure and bold your big point to tell the adjudicator and the audience.

Other tips to develop and make your argument:

1. Deconstruct the question

Deconstruct your assignment question to know exactly what it is asking of you. Some
questions may be framed in a way that asks you to consider advantages and
disadvantages of a particular topic, which will make the following steps easier. For
those that don’t, just remember there are always multiple sides to an argument and
you need to present and demonstrate at least one in your writing.

2. Map a tentative stance on the topic

What do you already know about your assignment topic and what argument do you
take at this stage in your research? Brainstorm your tentative argument and note down
the pros and cons.

3. Find and review preliminary evidence

Find out what opinions exist about the topic. Sometimes a simple Google search to
see what others are saying about the topic can give you some cues. However, you
must refer to credible sources such as assigned textbooks and peer-reviewed articles
in your assignments.

4. Revise your stance

Based on your review of the preliminary evidence, has your argument changed?
Revise your brainstorm and note important ideas and impressions.

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 5. Note counter arguments for your main points

Note down counterarguments for the main points of your argument. You don’t
necessarily have to agree with these counterpoints, this will just help you demonstrate
that your argument is well-considered, and you have thought about the other side of
the argument.

Benefit of Debate:

✓ You will be so critical on thinking

✓ You will find your own confidence

✓ Meeting debating community and it’s beneficial for you

✓ Building relations

✓ Applicable to your real life for example, when you are discussing a thing with your
friend, you will be smarter than them and you’ll have better elaborations.

✓ Last but not least, you will be cooler.

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