Masaamoviglumunaunsnaaucsa fiona mywnky. Ph.D.” ee) 1. unin mnataannountndausstuseueurndwtinlseemar ue dowrniin toss ynussHetun ras Linnraenddvbigsiin ussivieegpautiiomiawliseusvianiis nanbeynitinounin Seuss duiunineuiitedina Wi wanmBegaurbauss uashalsewiuadindwussdqn Fulvio seimmmnnnuuratfosyinussnsem nvreoniwuoshorarsnountndAUs unr rei wiinus NUN sehourmnavterretin vag fuussdndidduA vos weuivosussBeusmian aragyiauusssqus oontiy 2 useim fo niaguiitusussdnmutina uaenragy Ruut san wi 99 AuosferarinoUNFndaus uuumaMaNIMas ussAeAvaruaruunss4und7 ws sdawin7s Fy wehidauuradanw extn rag Fuussbatiove nny wt auMMM tosernnys douivrwo sa auqunsdinuar Hosein vmaiuuuberain — ussbanmiifosinn say dususydetwunowd Sun} ussSausnian Giovariwhhnw 4 ussbamuszonasiiosyinnountenndy $31 tuum aay uae vagy aunty uonv rnin sg Huns sada intudoseinn ad aiawManrisgaros bas magg Fuser iadiesi¢unntunowsn Glovaiwudas naga Auussban an yetveton aa ounseeusadaussininaiinsidovmiainaw 4 J Wwassornrsnoundndinwraunte Ordniowe Lillo vagy du radauiose nar uu Mua: Hoss mer uA mae Leas ns iadout vo siutugueniinnremsgqaucioss nd imaistostiiatnnoun vata mig dura Safuitialavo se navullsoeindoutintucioaw nn aaa uuUdA WAN HutTAaMMMEN MN siME ALTO Vaouwss msg dmesadaa un saa chadwn iose mart mga iu auiun nm UUt ae Mana SAMA ws Mio) meron de aims dint(2) ceorteumrannur gy teincomnmnims 9 fae shovtiaee Vir iaraanua thites uum leredine mo MsIMi NIT ATIeHaS Frew Zo sfomvimininuRe en wana foomuUTEMaMiseAEUs gM tuRoMANITT 9 VA tonrqueiiewsostownrauneisaaiwonunsg qu AASHTO uneWonas sam HuneMuA ATTA 1 mined 1 evusanaessigudemumrnsyye AASHTO usagqudutavan wiaveundniaty munioaiuden 310 daa / au.? arndinduauuutarion arndunderuuntsiinds 21 thi / aa? 228 thu / wy.” (Lirawusadeamu) viowissain 152 thiu /s.? | iso aoau / sms,? romvad 2 wrnbsernmesggu whi Ruan (Uisaasa dena} rage autanun tavoandnatunastaiss |_—— ausismtion ok anafinduanan aloawminw 240 K } 207 tote fam? | 240 tomy / a? dowindn | 138 thi fm.? ) 172 dade / am? Shussgudumumsrssaostisusvayduiiosomusstdunmu uae Wunsiiharis Usefuvosnountn sehuissdnenuacammursu iM AToNoHuinamNA uonernkarsiah 1 is ns Mer wiunountaminrsavsehuunnArsewnAyuArsysuMiu 3.5 fohu/uu?. tution ihe: ndvitsiermraus egy Zurdossrneuwnias 4 Taune dun(3) 2. usugqaniaveimusmdanniy aun mmuut ating —— uragy Zuritoso muss Buamurtndue na uundosus: Usenrauamanaunnn sa ue runounimniasiuur as vata ndnzrvoaiwanr vuevautaiy aliadawtuvosonouam yi hauss Bunmunasney wu ravostMani dy usstFuamuiiFundrsa Hom auuraauaceurssi yOIRTUTS YENDINUWIVEsMONOUAMO adsl Ua NUN IOAN Swewianaiedins AsinuerAarwanoeiusartummufeiuiossannasinaveme janrsass30 umm niacin siouiuns indounvas ivan sia Us s8siu3 anarsArutiound ws shah UmuArmatuaiuss WwnrsoonuvuWAs foonuvueenoms rus adaA mM ToiA UAT a eAN TE da dreeiiwanohorm MMA eso UTaMUNOMMO — WoreUseTumAunsA UAE wiauusafsmvauA Ves Nanda tiloaeiman inhns howd a tua Rove Anh wan AMWALMAMTA 1 Ada qutietru'ndfuiere avulusaia Pnsev wariseuey soon ds atv@urveuucvaatlliiaty praP dy Pag P+dP yal enefunasscufuenaudtuadnesen uarniiuldemnsvosuiy 8 oan Modundwwwsosusa wranndsanningeruunounta i Jy pee top ctutnlsendwoous.s fummusewinaimine aiuiaionouan waa Humn ind wuvaniaiuiiniu ppdd dnvaaduvesusarAummusoviiamiaunruy yp viniy uPdg/as tdoseannvanavosionounn fx dhulunlaednivosnranatamrutiousa Funmunows shania wmihuuATMUTIVed Min ATTY Reise SuanuitemAuLMin aiateva ds Oni oF = (up + KP) ds Q)mysiah 3 unnsAy p uae K (4) muurvesiwaniain vet mini 3 fvosiinseins u uae Wsiui 9 Wei MoRouAMons RorsareuRadvosua uN? K siinvosimani diy Tishiavesminls int mith eintnoonuwy aranniags MourMannBaga aan nauro wanes = fonauu7a 1 Hn 0,0005-0,0030 | 0,15-0.35 0,0001-0.0005 | 0.08-0.30 0.0005-0.0020 | 0.15-0.30 pt dp + (up + kp) ds - p umn pds win pde uaewramninouhaw P oe Th ap K u 0.0015 0.25 0.0003 .| 0.20 0.0015, 0.25 ° (2) “pt ude + Kds = 0 (3) mn abun OTM mows inno Nas snenfinuy arth x aP fa S “p+ JQ ude+ fo Kds = 0 0 In (Py/Pg) tua+ Ks = 0 Py 97 (UG+KS) Py go (uarKx) (4)(5) awiu yaeks — fiimaiieuniy 0,30 wrutmrantiarietihy py ueunas 4 Wiruiwtaunrs nmaeeruiatiuiDuoynsy was idesimenuanwosounay ae Viedu = Po (1 = (uarkx)) (5) = usahadur wan sivarue wa wAAiuwiNss ussiatuminidaindniiaseue x iuerandarunyn Aminhunss a= usewinsyniinvont dudtlista ane annihiatda que nae wibvinineue x S = AMMUTIAWAateW nine uiuMaissue x X= PMWM TIEN AAA AMMA AATEY x footash 1 munotiowmostastuyuh 2 Funvosi wane aan thaniiss swans ugunrsAaiMani ay naeMnaw A Ballusswsemiuy 45,000 nn. aswwAvedussHahewMiada | voscHane AH SriulseAnsvosusaLAummw p= 0.3 uaelnnisedndnrmaa K = 0.0007 AoLuAT 60 Ww. pik 2 fnodnsi 1 Bue maeneinserniir 9 awlautieunan 5 Aetna AB) voatatign a usagysRutiove mney un aqanaiiseue Bo yaa tye B wavaqt fui fosornusatauanmn usvhahtseur B wrsqutuiiioseiner ann wash Co wpia dyn © uragneducdose ruta funn usaiaiseue Cc asad du tiiowernn yuna asasinene D7 wag du dose nus atdumnu uasiaiseur DT (6) 45,000 KPAx = 0.0007%45,000x18 = 45,000 - 567 = 44,4333 0.06 +(0,60+0,60) = 0.1 18 18 yaP = 0.3x0.1x44,433 = 1,333 44,433 - 1,333 = 43,100 0.0007%43,100x18 = 543 43,100 - 543 42,557 0.60+0.60) | (0.60+0.60) is Te 0.133 wai 0,3x0.133%42,557 = 1698 42,557 ~ 1698 = 40,859 0,0007x40,859x18 = 515 40,859 - 515 = 40,346 40, 344x0.6041.20x0.3 = 1210 18 40,344 - 1210 = 39,134 mn. an. mm. tao an. an. an. an. an. an, an. an. an. nn.) 09 DE: usagy Rudess inne = 0,0007x39,134x18 = 493 an. ussivineue & = 39,134 - 493 = 38,641 an, usagq auton = 45,000 - 38,641 = 6,359 mn. Antti uos ausuosussisn & = 6.359% 100 = 146.13 x 45,000 Vnorunsuuosiusshviseuenys 9 vosnmtilistugun 3.3 usafa(nn. 44,433 45,000 42,557 40,344 38,641 a B c D E qwuzms(.um) fi anna 9 qui 3 fuavioturman a Faisretaus agg Avot eanolnnANVesNaamanionA —unent UT rfanranniamn oe lh ta an ace pee pean oe actors satan 188 tk ta = 4x18 = 72 ums doin ussiation = 45,000 (1 - (0.3x0.33) - (0.0007%72)} = 38,277 an. Anuthus sega # 45,000 = 36,277 x 100 = 14.96 45,000(8) sumiinnivincin hn avibauumravtumistunh 4 cneeméauasewirsgninvs dull Unrunrumanos HA si Uh 4 HaPinvomuaiMdint Amun? e, an » —2t5 (6) apy? apy? 4e. ln . = (ey - x7) (7), 1 A de, prutuvesiMani siutiseue x 6 (x) . 3 fee einminas 7 -_— (1 = 2x) 1 7 fe, wound, x= 0 5 80) = Zo Be, a = 26(0) = (8) Mudunuio ost wu Tisinn Man anu nouns TNMAKA use auLites on 2 «dts _ Btn esti a Sanus stHummuoreiiaan ussaaheiniunminianuue wine nun tua ues seed tieunsy(9) win faiawenanin wi Veni vuntiennndwniquus waoahy luni so wees nani ah Uorut wmuinrs FamurfubiaRofindrwursqmduvrsimdonamn —wmagy ACI owt miauundafuriabigonh 0.8 £2, vio 0.94 fpy wa WA AT eetioundyiu nvsHaiwaniiw p Rimorvensern Folind aussaty dui fossrnn ys ndouh uoUNsdiauss emombsenrswiiafionys Aaivdniniintowaenia — udaddousasedqutinrsgy Auidose ann vadmves want aiuanas Uonniintunsaaus iggy Au tiiose ynus1 Runmufmoxoonuuuo rhe vsariawaninlawuawuisdosivs Joveanusagq Auasndavits wiooreeeoonuuuua wan aan aad UUs aTS Vain a UTA aviouns ‘Tnvoonuuyi wan aunt mdouns uu vBausenouie < a i 3. Usugqdeniansinmeinaaudduaunsaiiia AueruuuUAs Manis nvihuussdAAugnouninnseW AU QUN AAAs Liman pow mutsussdnqumnddacerinnasauperSunin ava iniauae thus vee finws sqm dt mw na Huguiis unniioutwegiuviinvesqunsdin Iugunsiianigunsqw Fodudngnee i ndounuse wa 3m, fouiiudwerTmuninuin eoiugUnadimatinudunn naatfuguiiawa eww 0.75 am, frussguturunatiiiomauindnis, 6, vosqindin Savina 1 amu infuamrmnmaimiu deg = 4, /1 fisinamiauusagm fuori miu ANC = Dey = BS AQ/I (9) Asia seein wrsgM Austin ion uiarwuviion Asinuieonuuuerehevsands mania iam Aurivtunsiiuss fun Aunuuuumatwannow nrsLamAavesgunrdina: Antunounrsudeuss Fs iiindagm Au uasBattosoinariMAd ob7s TafimunrsAs Manhatuy wie lulsasndineehs Horeus ana had(10) 4. UStggLamtaceinnisund ULE aA Aunuuuas Mannion worm ALLMAN ARM UU TaBAgAT MUTEMAA ANAT Sannuacindinvosn ues Hose ne MA Mant dus emai aU Tain ys uauuuvA sn a a aint, 4 ; Sndack fnnrah Spint CrTunves iano iniiuns vamnudaen sai niunvesnouninneaugaquina rsa ves twain aa info bee whee = fes/Be E, s ES = B, 46 = ge fee + Mes qa) a a ay ct : a ‘wih gs = wnhnuuragq fords ooinn mam uvudersin 2 for + Pot Poll Mgt A or ft Bey = lugiserndentuussnountnvarddouuts Fanounteiinnss daqnuinu eh, fo Py mus s8auane Fut sinus gM AuriosernnasMAmMUUdaroAA uNrsaiAs EOE AosmuMAarsey Autiou Glauulnheeturssariy Py = 0.9 Py mvinmreiusagqfuidosrnnyuniunderain — naaninfore'naatindlaiadstiin “Dimusianinan Hootnsh_2 ovhinvieiussgyduitosornnysuniauuuderdinvowmmi as aver mAUUUR SLM fovdsiiniivingy double tee won eDT24 mrMUTTHDS 19 Luna noUNTRiMisimedu MAY 350 nn./ou?. moaudouusaniemiiionuiioy 7 tu nySavewnounFnwsdaons amie 250 0 ./o, wan auenaiimaniiniurwvuie 12.7 as, wlin stress relieved ins 270k 8 au aur iosmuivestManimiuMiy 36m. Hindman wusaAauane ia viniy 13,290 na, /an?.wiivianu spT24 + naauia ian muh A fe fer rel ES (4) 2.40 3, 0.60 4. pil a.s tov 3.2 = 2,588 m2, 5 T= 8.73x105 M4, = 288 x 2402 = 621.7 an. /u. 104 621.2 x 192 = 28,055 nnn. 8 = 380 nin. fan? 250 on. fai, 57,000 x ¥0.0703 x ¥250 238,960 nn, fou, a.egaxt0® nn. /m? Bs o> = Lassexio® = 7.96 ‘ci, 238,960 Apefst = 8x0.99x13,290 = 105,257 nn. 0.9 Py = 94,731 mn. 2 Po + Poe? - Mee a I 94,731 + 94,731x362 - 28, 0552102x36 2,588 8, 73x105 3.734105 61.54 nn, fu? Mog = 7.9461.54 489 an. /u(2) farsreeiinsreMiine dun Tnunvseaadnndawis oe 1A o = (8xO,994(13,290-489) = 101,384 an. unin Bs oeth 586° nn./mu2. Saiiimreonndsusniniiy 0.742 vor fy, haliwt mavqiatih Es nFsusnfttuivae duanothus srgunnummsininia’s usagqautu tendon feq Hvhhuniu wmehiams tendon Lawdiser Litfinus seq futu tendon aula fistimsrersvausHanuMisinaswA aia Funds ussgqtfusefintuiiiersia tendon vmuintuusine.auiiwiu tendon viuimiia seta ussgqtfutiio#y tendon viufisoseutat fucninw Balu tendon tiuiniisoe Anus sage duwrnign une tendon iiuqninuer LiduasaqiAuiau AutegyLAULAaYIU tendon HamueuATuUUAS Han Fmdsvetountr A uuuAatminion — na77 LAs reves sag Huot Ae Bunun uUUUA oi Mani’ sia nougsurnnomunay ‘umsugines Mot ia LAduvosussgqAvIA tendon yn Auld tind wniiswos usaguituniewiu tendon hulls Ashorhe sa Wud hE fopiash 3 estunsietussaq Autusevun wie auasssunuUURALMAniMBesaauT 200 LAs wihiereuuennrenousaumutew mn 15 mu, uaem an 75 wu. iiseusinsrewitaAM 6 Lune nonin qamuifvoadiinuacqumifvosiontoudnsinadys whine wan winsiionow Lvdnobagawie 35 am, otnow 6 iu duuaiMfin aadupnasvumiiaeur do smuévosenqué davuinhy 54 mm, Hisnmrennmae inhuguiiigato su 2.90 w. Seu, 54m. 759. 20.00 2 ——_—_—_—.—— EA il 6 fanindh 2.3(3) pututiive stan fb _ = 10,255 an. /ou, fy = 250 nn. fu? 2 Ips = 9.626 nn. /m E, = 1.90108 nn./mu2. ; K = 0.0007 aint u = 0.2 qadutivoaninin Bey = 238,960 nn. /ui? nr min tras edna wave sity = 2.90 ue a = 775m. 5 1 = 551x120 m4 Cy = 27,16 Mm, 5 Cy = 62.86 mM, 8, = 202,910 w.3; 8. = 87,700 w.> te 2 e = 0 figntoviu © = 54 au, idenmonm eCMAUNTsHaMAM UA IVT aUMATMTHaLMANMAUAUsdost1s uALHat wan Aun HOM Frauregqiuiiosemursciumms whwwrsAstnlewemiihy 0.80 reve. dniiaveagunnds viv o.3 am. winuursisinawew, fy, = 0,8x10,255 = 8,206 nn. /m?, pi urs fuiiioveanurscfumnm + sanaunas 5 Py (1 = (a +Kx)} vorwinsaAsunan ussisiignsooiy = 8,204x57.72 = 473,547 mn. at : 54 ussiaiinanavanm = 473,547 {1-(0.2 «8 * sF55-)-( 0.0007 x 10)} = 449,775 an. uragqdutovam inant == «470, 533-449, 775 = 20,758 an.wnevounss ur ataiitana an usaistienosiu usagi urdossannva Sn ANC usshaiifanera uratatignsosiy (4) = 449,775 mn. = 449,775-20,758 = 429,017 nn. an = 1,90x106K0.3/1,000 = 570 nn. fou? = 449,775-(570K57.72) = 416,875 nn. = 429,017-(570X57.72) = 396,117 mn. wraqqfutossannamniuuudoraiin + sae Egg tinted onarsnamuasigasosty Tyasosiu fog FmtiHananarsAaw thudintnuaetimiinéa eo 4p, sagan dutta vino dunia cydutundniedinautiaos = 396,117 = 51.3 nn, fu 7,725 “= ((6.00x0.15)#(0.75x0.45)} x 2402 = 2,973 mn. /u. = 2,973 x 207 = 148,624 an. 8 416.875 + 416.875x542 - 148,6242102x5 7,725 5,51x106 551x106 = 128.9 nn. v2 29.62 x 1,90x108 x (51,3+128,9) 0.26108 ob = 6,862 mn. = prsseez = 5,718 an. = 4x6,862 = 4,598 nn. 6qs) uocussguiAutuininiodii dud 3,4,5 uae 6 Ou 3,431 nn., 2,287 nn, 1,144 nn, uae oO nn, mquAnaD dss agg @uiosernnvimnuudarafinvose 5.71864 8 7+1.144+0 ‘ = 2,863 an. Salusatausndutianarsa = 416,875 - 2,863 = 414,012 an. Sal ssRausndatonsossu = 396,117 - 2,863 = 393,254 an. fontniniionarsnw wninuus fous damdanva fans RuiAiona fet = 416.012 = 7,173 nn. fan? 87.72 mmnnargw ACI winuursAsumoniu = 0.7 Foy = 0.7x10,190 = 7,133 nn./au. srnfrodas 2 uae 9 setinivtumouvosminuiss aragqauus sda dossannyswaia uuudarain wu tendon Lita 9 sunsavtuuctugnsmutouurwives ACI - ASCE Wisii Es BS = Kes —— Fes (az) Foi Amun ES tihoninuus sag au itoss ino vsuamauuvderaiint iy an, /ou, Kes Uiniiy 1.0 etmfunmauumarwinion Kes Liny 0.5 mufunauute nininies N tduemaw tendon twat(16) S.ususiquéutadhuiadiunnwe ursdqtfutaduilstuvo aenbenoukw — ussqqfutossinnramuuaensaahavos fount uae tiosnioniiavesiwini an usagi Ruidoso rnd uuniachuiiinrainiudysiuuae fu uavdavanaahausad fuecgn Auten wasn Uaeaniouns oa 9D wraguaummi amide 15-20 ulosimh vosussdqurnuvacvsounsy ursdausniauhn Arun sayqi ductus simbeindus Soto hmniawns aA noni wuss oss ime wlinuy Nw Vs Fina retus egy Aun arias uAttdeminuardunontsA wives ACI-ASCE Tavs esnwussqt Auross nari MARaed MA TAU MO sMUITIEL WAIVOSNTTL ANT AD lun se want sis quae dunk sno Wit 6. usagquaaiansinn emu matutonra @upivosnountmifoiussnsemaviauunountn 81 ey Fone ntunit ieduintweeduranieMm uae &y Ronmuiatuniiemmitoseinnaty anaetmnaaiy Cu * Soul Sy Hissar 3 fe 5 WnunounindAUs wavosNTaAuliniouns UeTERTM iniundavarddounsseeiAanas Hose ner AtunAstiows nv7aNIeW ACI-ASCE uuew> granniermnaussqqttuiiosernnity ssi q3) 2. 2 . aut -, winuwr sg fuiiiossinnamu Ker = 2.0 otaiun unas Minion Kor = 1.6 atutun muna nininds(17) feds = WAUUASUnoUNTnseRUEAUAKaevOS IWAN AH dose nusaoraaiisnuadansermunfewmridouss = gisnrnideniuvosmountriony 28 ersunouniansiuu7Aiur VAI Ke pAnas 20% une ieunry 13 Wtunsdinndinaiainis <. : 7. usnadatiansinmennda erucetunniemaiuaniosrnnigg aunty Sinuininiiuesfusenemaw thenya Unienighodns domFinshonuAiavososhornvunen wiuiuniuone nierMaL muncuntnBaussseueL Mm AsuAMasunouningsweeUdouuTsinahOMNAVOWUTIgmLAU AUsAUYES mruetunnrimemiimuniiy 5.50x10°4 Faurewrm ox youn nduniomunr Tam utuiusn vosorynountn ioseandasytuiannanonuia, V/s unenrduintoniuosussuNW, Hy AT pri AiuANraMAB Us eanAes eon = 5.5x10~4 = (1-0.26 v/s) (14) nuit a = 1.5 - 0,015 H win & oy = 8.2x10°§ (1-0,024 V/S)(100-H) as) ACI-ASCE wueshgnsn aetna gy Autos nnn ase SH 8.2x1076 Ky, By (1-0.024 V/S)(100-H) qe) nuh Kyy UhihaoSimuivosnmmintunmamnialzetniaa duodivemiuiy Sater eh Letenrsinouiaiawdouss Heumnstunrah 3.4 uae TrMiunuuUums Manins tuna mruuutstMinioutsnraiingrniinnseydoorunountniiou 9 biuvetd Ky, = 1.00 maaan 4 funAimos Key aeuetanMaanas ‘Hevarvaounss (Fu) 1 3 5 7 10 20 30 Ksh 0.92 | 0.85 | 0.80] 0.77] 0.73 | 0.64 | 0.58(18) 8, ussgqnaudianvinmeddannominiesy lov annaaiaininhivgam tain mintuni iis dseve rn uses hunn aenans Usangnrsiiidunis nrsiike moavosussashonnsiiuodiiveriuvosminuusstausn au unereuevoa tuna naihbnsduniuus saath eid unhomiawus seus da duhatin vostaan unnstupih 7 etiuaranBagsuacarminduiuu stress - relieved Heftuvosin7 A Fee/fg, Fay Py I-log t fy, - 0.55 a7) Ay 0d pa ) ‘st fey fudus a Saftullharernanvosnvimnses tau Magure fiman Aueunry 17 t = canihtawetiveini aminiananiate log = ‘nonodaguay Wa fy4/fgy Sinuannin 0.55 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 a7 mnshiotunen daguncened ten songdh 7 ussgyfuitoniusRourmiudhgeiofuuiy egy oxfam auansia strese-relived — Aunséiifosnvsanuaset@utiiosernanaéiin — foonuuuererdendernsia low relaxation Svar fnuzsgq Auloun re MFM UUTAS MUON ThA WA IATANA at aamgentnAunountndmus agin fuiidosy innyatiaioun’ un vanndou (19) fat thw ensue etne AuuMan Aa vaUMUUAS nn arose InN TaAUMAEN TAMAR ACI-ASCE wuEW gas IOUT! auvaunod RE = (Ke - J(SH*CR+ES)} C Anudaurininoy Kp~.J uae C uaastuMIzIh 5 aE 6 sve 5 Arun gg uae J cs) Type of tendon® Kye (N/mm?) J 270 Grade stress-relieved strand or wire 137.9 0.15 250 Grade stress-relieved strand or wire 127.7 0.14 240 or 235 Grade stress- relieved wire zie) eons 270 Grade low-relaxat {on strand 34.5 0.040 250 Grade low-relaxation wire 31.9 0.037 240 or 235 Grade low- relaxation wire 30.3 0,035 145 or 160 Grade stress- relleved bar 41.4 0.05 ®In accordance with ASTM A 416-74, ASTM A421-76, or ASTM A722-75(20) ansrai 6 drunainod c Stress-relieve bar or Stress relieved low-relaxation fpifpu strand or wire strand or wire 0.80 1.28 0.79 1.22 0.78 1.16 0.77 at 0.76 1.05 0.75 1.45 1,00 0.74 1.36 0.95 0.73 1.27 0.90 0.72 1.18 0.85 0.71 1.09 0.80 0.70 1,00 0.75 0.69 0.94 0.70 0.68 0.89 0.66 0.67 0.83 0.61 0.66 0.78 0.57 0.65 0.73 0.53 0.64 0.68 0.49(21) 0.63 0.63 0.45 0.62 0.58 0.41 0.61 0.53 0.37 0.60 0.49 0.33 sinminay 18 vetfiiatnoniiaostWaviuay fai tuensred usa Auiioseannaamaha unuémaiin nastuashsmioriusastu dunes witiussgq Auiossrnnséaianns fou fo fyytuns.h 6 Uhoninuusishwinss, £45 dng oumiusegq Autitoss musa tum uarnrsintouhwosgunadin tRociunamuar sneer sgt tun 307 aveiie ANANTH 4 AenOT find 4 nateassummtsuiniounnadisun 20 Gun itimusamnnt eine 1,300 nn./u. wontwioarmitmiinn mhésausetuvesnouninuiniiy 420 nn. /m2, ovine vie Lduaonfiindunmin 12.7 au. chan 270K iin stress-relived iiiufiwinsau 19.74 w.2. naahaaransenuionounininasdarmiiy 320 nn. /wu?.winuureAwusui iui 0.75 fy 98 pu stunaussgy tauren wii ACT-ASCE cuviiwtinusayn tussavisnsewuionuiow 30 iu Cavithainnind 70%) 56 wy, LP = on, /a. ww] W, = 1,500 nn. /u. P, = 281,000 on. 15 ww. | 9 ean 14.75 Jou. 20.00 w 1s wf — qui s fonind «(22) quaiAuosiag : f= 420 nn./m2. fey = 320 nn. /mu2, Egy = 2. 70x10% an./ou2, ; Bo = 3.10x10 nn. /mu?. = 1.932108 nn, sau nuduimvosminia : A = 2,901 mu, 5 T= 3.3106 + Gy, = Cy = 47.5 mM. e€ = 95 - 14,75 = 32.75 m. 2 ussisiowrfvusagmustosorn Bs, Py = 0.75x18,980x19,74 = 281,000 nn. Wg = 2,901K1074x2,402 = 696 nn. /a Mg * 696 .8x 207 = 34,841 nn.-u. 8 winuusagqifuriosein Es: : E. vaingnah 3.12, BS = Keg — f ci 2 0.9P. 0.90." Mie fog * + - cs A T 7 3, 3x106 136.8 an, Jou? BS = 1.0 x 1,93x106 4134.8 = 964 nn. /m? 2,7x105(23) wiunraqqauriossrn ce: erngnsm 13, CR = Key Eg/Ey (Fos~feds) Aamuiin My = 1,500 202 = 75,000 nn.-w. 8 feds = 25.000x102x32,75 = 74.4 on./m.? 3.3x108 CR = 2.0 x1. 93x106 x (134,8-74,4) =752 nn. /m? 310x109 whuuzegyfurdovemn sx: singnah 16, SH = 8.241075) eh Bg(1-0.152V/S)( 100-1) v/s = indwindn = 2,901 = 9.60 Vinowy) 302 H = 70 SH = 8.2x1076x1 0x1 .932106x(1-0.02429.6)( 100-70) = 365 nn. /ou?, cransGenusarnssogcydarewun usagi Aunt tates innamniunderainuneus seg Funawi7e7 ioverneie : ae Souukvh Sacwbnieehe vi ma 4 dim Limi unuuuui si winnowuacuuumacwaninis ovina viuur ius wmvesusy ga Autumn uh sso svintiinumsitvesnouninuneiMantsuunenrsisuormeoy an noisy LIN awe vaduve sus agg Aum ad muuuua siMiniion eruuuuas Manis BS 3% ix cR 6x 5% SH Tate 6% RE ot meen name 25% 20%(24) mrs 7 91S uut hou tis mus vag Aur tose inus at uA uuaen ys aniavesqun din uN aAOION fruregufuhonin ACI-asce uuewingsgavosluus say Aucrmsuc Mini atansiiam ad indinis wasn 7 movil 7 dminonsaggieguan winuussgmtu Gniu/un2. viinvosarafinaur nountnitmdinun’ | neuninitmdtiniwn vin stress - relieved vin low - relaxation saninedaah 4 winuursqqauiometuniniy 3,667 on. /m2, Sannndrirgade MjumAiniurviia strese-relieved wniu 345 thus? wie 3,515 nn./m, Hatiud foonuuugreertaavtuniais 7 ihn sagge duns omiunwuhotTs ots nvevur sq avtungutaenandntivistoives Por dafluwqnariaey Wunrs Suerreiumuaiuas act-asce uneuihAWimrehuuwseanaiuduain uoneanias per woimmee 9 sautumzeenuuntae