CELL - THE UNIT OF LIFE ° Faller wlassic al Le- —'RoBERT +took' ° Fath Medea cjtolegy — 'SWANSON' Unieetludar (made up ofp one 0) ig exgandame [ude patton 4 cna Mubbtedtudar (made oP 4 Ox Antanas, Plante , Pusat (OeAfiay O—- 6 — 8 > & : efitn Tissue organ Organi . 4 Coll tthe shuchural ond fundional anit alt Luing organiam sane cells of deat — pee prcdesyninnn 0 Inulin pormaion.K Discovery 4 call wall — "RoBERT Hooke" * Unteellular ougautoms ane capable f- 9 independent existence . %) pode jection Discovery SCtENTIST enhoek cll nk cleo # Pramas tnt re Mien mambvent). + PRoropLasr- PR. mumbrant AST Paste PCercladtng Call wall passed). de Robut teste discourned the dead cell by ee, ot the Shin slice of come in his own mivwacepe inv tees re a Skee b the tem ‘cert’ from Gireeke word — ‘Cella!Rebel Hovk published hér findings in -¥ ‘MIcRoGRAPHA, ° Anton Vew ne aa Meswelen pened o Rainwaler Badterta e Mud Puctozoa 2 Blow Rec 0 Semen Spermatozoa (Spexm) # ‘ston von Kevavewhock ee Aes firotry N Secrets OF NATURE+ Avtow vow leeuwenhoee discovered his own ander oscope and ocbrourd Bacteria , Protozea, spom cells on the basis of tility & called jt as ea cell! He “the cells behautowr and functions depends uper cellular. actiuitie interaction but not on cellular content. 4 CELL THEORY - ° ScHEIDEIN (Bolanist) 1838 — diccovered the Plant * ScHWwANN (Zev logit) 1839 — discovered the Animal) also gaéd that ouler membranes Animal cell is lasma memb duller menrb- of coll ix cell wall Structure of a Typical Neuron Dendrites Axon Terminals Nucleus ie 9 s«NNeodde f Ranvier myein beats Le frimal Tissue eaceed eae eaemnEee qaue ‘Cele, Theo’ = 6 Limileclcons - o exception- At melune RBC, Ailure Steue tube (—) eI - Paramecium (2 nucleus) Gelass < — Phy corry cles members t re A explained boy "Rudolf Viretrow (isss’) # ln —> new colle ovis Pae~ existing cells - J Ruootf vikcHow —> ‘Law be LINEAGE’ or modepie * 7: ~ modern cell engl OVERVIEW OF CELL -Prant cete - sLangeat unicellular oo eee : tengeat Anpospem - Eucalyptus (120m) (stosting + a _Acking cells - last vot lobe te to ae S . i od Ne we o Nucleus “> cytoplasm — 2 o Nucleus < Cyto phos — N —> low + Sunfase Area T : Volume > os highMetabolically Active Cells aww 3uwCELL TYPES on the bask ef cellular _oagen PROKARYOTES —Y Unicellulas —> ex: king dew ona Bb a UnicelLutat ex. = Mn Proltata- Mutticottutar—rex: Ketugdown fume, t eT a Lt US ULC la a Flagella IKARYOTES Endoplasmic reticulum Rough Smooth endoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum reticulum Peroxisome bj Mitochondria Plasmid: Microflament. /) / Vacuole Lysosome— a Golgi bro Microtubule : ‘apparatus \ Cell (Plasma) Nucleolus Nucleoplasm Chromatin Nuclear ‘membrane (DNA) envelope Nucleus.PRokARYOTES EvKARYOTES © Pro- Patmttive 2 net well oor ~ Sheet reas feed | cog ele J ed — Nuclear membrane but they haue another protetw Pelyamines (pistons (ke) the ea conaichi of Hee et ceut neeal ete Dated de daca chremalin ts ds, near uals of chromosome] 2, sitely in AST & naked nich t settee ec @Swall in Bde lange in sie coll weal - nen- colllosic © Coll wall ~~ Ty Peptide gtycame : Pusat _» Chitin Plant —> cellulose Animale Aese.TomoSome Chromatino Stauervre Of fronaryoric Cew - Oe tte Cee CELL MEmBRANE Peptidoglycam. Wie layer Thin t CAPSULE Guede SLIME LAYER ie Sua NAG N-a Glucosamine NAM N-aceligt ed muxante Qa Gilycocalyx - hee made up of CAPSULE — to hide backerta frem host's (sticky ) Immune SLumE LAYER - helps aie waller and mibstenlsHt nohecke backuia Hosts Immune spite £ CAPSULATED aditewta _ fathegente , ALL : Cets WALL — Peptidealy cow a et rf Amino Acide > Latandne pee aera =» D Atavine A > D Gdudtauaic arid a FL lysine «een Y Porn UD form, coor coed @-t-w nee R | R Right Lefteu the basit of cell wall Struckore Garam GiRatn Positive NEGATIVE giuen by "CHRISTIAN GRAM Gram positive bacteria Ce a)Gram +ve Badleria cell wall shuilune NAG NAM ——*»+ 4 amino acids Nam COCO Ning — (Tea peptide 5 bodlan atid Fobe Am 7 (Peatta peptide de bond ) ouelston stru strudesne ts common on both Gram 4p 4+ve and Grom —ve bacherta Grom —ve Baiteria_ cell wall stiudlwe - Nga “oy 4 Amino acide N Kfrooes G (Fésa peptide bond) G bond) Penta peptide eco oNhm * eae SS AL a Gram +ve Barkerto. le] i tye Badlent (Wiettet) ram Ve (Red | Pink) oat Faces Pee ae er of up of Le : Peptido a of apt tha on (git @ Upid content — Lees @ lipid content — More €3) Retains the colour 3) loses the colour “boy Grom stain n (otal violet} eusn & ram ste A gt after. wathing With alcohol. sa aeased wished gk usta (Tet fe avid —y Present Dee actd — Absent @ only 2 dine ane Present |@ati the 4 dice ane prael Basal body of Pagella in on Basal pa tate ae (6) oat Pathogenic © mostly are PathegenleGru a Rori-( larg € evra rere) mh ad 2 a Fa ar POM ILS Peru. ‘aa Ce ae "ite eae) Soy aE ae eal : cia J iT ( Tre] Seana |KX £poce bjw euler and inner memb. of Lipid ee is called “Poriplasmic space”. Me Sas Seem cae x on Mow, examples paefen meduse Lex IF# Conwell — ddewrnes the Shape the col. — proutder studios 4 | ~ prevents bacles.fa busatt A H Addebistic Lke Pen?cillin ne ee oe cab | Pephidogeycan in cell well % coll Shows ip br Rene of these art bictics. a a ¢ PLASMA MEMBRANE - —Sebealivi Permeable. - fut sinttlan to Eukaryotes. eee up of Phespolipida and Pocletne . d d (evan an frochowdria both show nespival ° MESoSoMES —> Ide Pharma membrane ~ —> There ard itn the form of, tubules , vessicles, 00 and lamellae. LO U\, functions “Fetps tn serpivation, collusell-4ormilio oO =n, seerstion , ean a distibation to celle, DNA septication. Fo fn Gram +ve Bactenfa . membroncut extenstont tito eaptoplarm uw Some _pi Pa 5 phstosydhetic. Prokanyal ake cyanobacteria amd Ri back o FLAGELLA- wpe Then ft ‘ous extenstons the coll ae of badata 5 ~ ' © Plament-logest Quook 3 HS x Gunton ~ hollow, s%47d, Connects basal er ate ees body to Filament 0 Crom ATo PHORES = const of. 4 stings° FLAGELLA Wee se 4 Types of Becteria on the boris of no. of flagella - a) Atrichous ) ES) : y Cep halo Tricheus (wo pha (ti ftagelts a b) Mono Trichouk loge ie > _e) LophoTotdhous 7 = ) “ 7 CH pbadie | ends) c) Amphi Bich eu mabe Re x—Fe eppoait end) ra) Penitrichous 4b Nudlesid = Prochsemesome| brenophore] Inu piewk fF Plasmid - Extadwemesal Dua , ds chradtar aud prouide ectal charac, to badcterta jike Avie biotic Amesicturee -° Tyees of PLAsmiD- a) F- Plnamntd evils I 2) Pt Bacteria - F roxdtl Paesat (mate |Donor) U) A Baiteria -~ f-Plasmid Abreat (Female | Recipiout) b) R- Plasmid - Bub Baderia ane nesictant to Antibiotic c) Cot- Plasmid - Suh Bactinia Seerster ‘Colfeine! which Kuk dhe colony a otter badtenia. 4) Ti- Pharmid (Tumor inducing Plasmid) — in Ageobatlertion tumipactens which causes "Crown Gall Disease” (Timon) ©) Ri Plat - Pound in “Agrobacterium ghirogenc™ which CES Rowt diteare” In Bicet plavits. 4 ini ‘ + Ribosomes - “Fos type [ ses 1 30s tae Si > Present prasly in eettoptarm on attached fo the m - ° Polysernes - ants nibesemes are alttached bo si mwa rer beads’ on ating tree ehuctinre - in > helps tn PAblein syathests. ere ° Gras Vacuoler- helps in buo | eo ensble them to float at depth. Bead on Ski DIt help bactenta to det optimulm light 4 stacand (Plysomyfee cecloty ete gs Ta blue purple and oIudusiew Rediet— “Tey ae food Atonage pare peo. memb rane “i ranules, Yate huydorox: b t en es Gas vacuoles ia, ta % furple baderta) - Non- naar & . Phospl Grnnilen Cyon ophycean Stanch aly qfraneles de TYPES of BacTERIA on THE Basis of Shape - (D Bacirius - Rep wT Bailerta \ exe maenobact tut + diplobostllas js + StuptobactMus - chain of bacillus badteata + Staphyto baci Wut -aunch of bacillus bacterta —S> (® Coccus - Spherical shaped. ex: men menoceceus CO . Diplococcus . CO . Stouplococens - CONDO ° Staphyloceccus : GS@ VIBRIO- Comma St H Baden a v (© spirweum - Spiral Shaped Baiiria > Mey ane thin filamentous extentions the colt wall Like plage but do not help’ in motility. a) Pil? . Tebe Sike strucliines helps in founalion cugation tube. ok > made up of PRULEn Padletw Somalie PELE - helps » atta Bedderial cl with any bare > ss Sex Peli- helps in Pete cone helps in pasilicel wr of DNA b) Pimbrae- antiLle sike shudtews Mele tn attachment of badiniafa stiuclivut ane preaent in Bacterial 4 How ad helps 5 Cdtachnent of call with ang cell , substrolum 2 > Somalie PiL?, Pmbrae, Slime Lager: Puree nny reer utr VKARYOTE a cleus conkaini: ft : th lineal double ctl "4 walt [Pin haut ern) one eet we fees l, sie » ndoplasmic reticulu ei ‘ Bs = Golgi apparatus: 7 a or AX Lysosome — ANIMAL CELL Centriole Ceritro aPLANT CELL AMMAL CE @ cell wall — Preacnt @ Absewt @ Microuilli — Absent ® Present @ Moreptast ~ Present @® Absent : &® prtotrephic @ Hetero Hophic eb small aud © « Gols? enn ane Oot age. shucks cilice present =" piclyocomes’ © Lysesomes - Absent © Present @ stored Povd - Starch D Seana at Game g i p's carl] Ape WOCTEMS Vacurfe ~ lange cenlsalized |@ Ss sant at OMe ates of ea @® Nucleus nd eripheral segion of colt cdl of : © acne |eannotome (Wo) Present amd helps in Nae cett Aiuuion . @ aan @ gmat in vre: P Eognaveres celtuter Sect’