Annotated Bibliography No 1

“The Elusive Green Consumer.” Harvard Business Review,

https://hbr.org/2019/07/the-elusive-green-consumer. Accessed 20 September 2022.

In “The Elusive Green Consumer”, professors Katherine White, David J. Hardisty, and

Rishad Habib from University of British Columbia’s Sauder School of Business Ethics explore

the economic, psychological, and social impacts that prevent people from purchasing sustainable

products. The article details the extensive research that the authors have completed, regarding the

frustrating issue of a lack of sustainable product consumption. The article notes that companies

have begun to introduce sustainable products, and consumers have reported interest and

optimism into using eco-friendly products, but many are unwilling to actually consume or utilize

the products. While acknowledging the multiple aspects of the causes of the problem, the article

uses conducted surveys and reports to explore possible solutions to the ongoing issue. Causes

such as societal and gender norms, political beliefs, financial reasons, and skepticism are

emphasized, as the authors describe the psychological aspects behind the lack of sustainable

consumption. Moreover, the article incorporates possible solutions to the issue, such as using

social influence, promoting good habits for the environment, encouraging the domino effect, and

emphasizing the emotional and rational appeal of products. The article emphasizes how the

mentioned solutions benefit the eco-friendly businesses and companies that strive to promote

sustainable living.

The authors, Katherine White, David J. Hardisty, and Rishad Habib, are qualified to

discuss the issue of the lack of sustainable product usage to promote environmental conservation
because their credentials include being professors and a PhD candidate at the University of

British Columbia’s Sauder School of Business Ethics, respectively and their contact information

is included in the article. Written three years ago, this source is relatively current on the topic of

sustainability in relation to environmental conservation. The authors of this article thoroughly

evaluated all sides of the issue. For example, they acknowledge the idea that there is growing

momentum behind sustainable businesses. Then, they address that opposing viewpoint by saying

that there are still many reasons and causes that prevent widespread sustainable consumption.

This inclusion shows that the authors acknowledge alternative viewpoints because the authors

indicate that there are multiple aspects of the problem. Although there may be slight

improvement, the issue of sustainable consumption is still very prominent. The information

contained in the source can be verified elsewhere. For example, the author mentions that

consumers often view eco-friendly products as lower quality, more expensive, and less useful,

which can be corroborated by collegiate business professors Michael G. Luchs, Rebecca Walker

Naylor, Rajagopal Raghunathan in their publication “The Sustainability Liability: Potential

Negative Effects of Ethicality on Product Preference”. In the publication, the authors enforce the

idea that consumers generally avoid sustainable products, believing that they are not nearly as

effective or useful as regular products that produce far more waste. Consequently, the positive

effect that sustainable products have on the environment is lessened, as consumers prefer using

less sustainable product alternatives, especially when the product is desired for its strength. The

purpose of this article is to explore and determine the causes and possible solutions of the lack of

sustainable consumption in the hopes of reaching a more sustainable and improved environment.

The audience is sustainable businesses and companies looking to promote their eco-friendly

products. The article is appropriate for this purpose and audience because it emphasizes the
behavioral science behind many of the root causes of the problem, and provides marketing

solutions that strive to create a cleaner planet. For example, the authors acknowledge that

although there is growth behind sustainable businesses, companies need to work to promote a

beneficial culture of sustainable living.

Annotated Bibliography No 2

Engaging with the sustainable consumer: A journey without an end goal. (2022, February 23).

SGI Europe, NA.

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A695653862/GPS?u=glen20233&sid=bookmark-GPS&xi

d=e743613c

In “Engaging with the sustainable consumer: A journey without an end goal”, senior

business advisor, brand communication consultant, and market analyst Fredrik Ekström explains

his most recent sustainable consumer report of 2022, which includes insights into the tools used,

drivers of sustainability, and the uncertainty surrounding future of sustainable brands. The article

details how brands gain sustainable mindsets through different approaches and the process

through which successful sustainable brands have been through towards the path of sustainable

success in business. The article notes that the successful redesigning of brands includes a

multitude of influences and setbacks, and that understanding consumer patterns is crucial to the

success of sustainable businesses. To support and understand consumption patterns and

influencing issues, the article details the creation of the “Sustainable Consumer Readiness
Curve”, a tool that is used to divide the general public into separate consumer groups based on

their ability to embrace a more sustainable lifestyle. The tool created consumer profiles that

describe the typical consumers and their preferences, of which the profiles are dedicated

pioneers, anxious doers, eco-swingers, spectators, and eco-zombies. The article also provides the

data of multiple surveys conducted on the opinions of groups of consumers and the relation

between their opinions. From the surveys, author Ekström expresses how the results of the

surveys indicate the social aspect of sustainable consumption as well. The article explains the

social insecurity of lacking knowledge related to making environmentally sustainable choices can

promote the worry of not conforming to the norms of society and the driving forces and setbacks

of consumers transitioning to more sustainable lifestyles.

The author, Fredrik Ekström, is qualified to discuss the issue of the lack of sustainable

product usage to promote environmental conservation because their credentials include being a

senior business advisor, brand communication consultant with over 17 years of experience, and a

market analyst in Sweden and his contact information is included in the article. Written 8 months

ago, this source is very current on the topic of sustainability in relation to environmental

conservation. The author of this article thoroughly evaluated all sides of the issue. For example,

they acknowledge that there is an increase in successful sustainable businesses that have

effectively incorporated sustainability. Then, he addresses that opposing viewpoint by saying that

there are still numerous difficulties and aspects behind sustainable brand transformations that

place setbacks on sustainable consumerism. This inclusion shows that the article’s author

acknowledges alternative viewpoints because the author expresses how the success of a

sustainable business is achieved through a multitude of factors, which includes the positive
aspects. The information contained in the source can be verified elsewhere. For example, the

author explains how there is a social influence of wanting to conform to the ideals and norms of

peers and society in general, which can be corroborated by authors Katherine White, David J.

Hardisty, and Rishad Habib in their publication “The Elusive Green Consumer”. In the

publication, the authors explain how social influence is a driving factor in sustainable

consumption, as people are influenced to participate when their peers or when society deems

something as an ideal or norm. The purpose of this article is to outline the discoveries of the most

recent sustainable consumer report with the goal of exploring the aspects of unpredictability

behind sustainable consumption. The audiences are businesses, companies, and sustainable

researchers looking to understand the journey of sustainable businesses. The article is appropriate

for this purpose and audience because it includes multiple surveys and studies that provide

accurate and beneficial data for understanding consumer patterns. For example, the article

describes the aspects and traits of the consumer profiles and their opinions on sustainable

consumption from a survey conducted by author Fredrik Ekström.

Annotated Bibliography No 3

Sustainable Consumer Behavior: Literature Overview. Retrieved October 30, 2022, from

https://www.unwe.bg/uploads/Alternatives/Elena_9_ALTERNATIVI_br2_2016-en.pdf

In “Sustainable Consumer Behavior: Literature Overview”, assistant PhD professor Elena

Kostadinova of the Department of Marketing and Strategic Planning at the University of National
and World Economy in Bulgaria explores the growing importance of sustainable consumer

patterns in relation to sustainable consumption. The article explains the general idea of

sustainable consumerism, the factors influencing consumption, and the challenges that it faces in

regards to protecting the environment. The article details the behaviors and attitudes of

sustainable consumers based on two different categories, individual-related factors and

contextual/situational factors. The article explains that individual-related factors such as

attitudes, values, demographics, financial factors, etc. affect the way consumers perceive

sustainable products. In contrast, the article explains contextual/situational factors, which are

uncontrolled aspects or environments that influence sustainable consumption. Moreover, the

article explores the different reasons consumers chose to avoid sustainable products, and their

general attitudes towards eco-friendly lifestyles.

The author Elena Kostadinova is qualified to discuss the issue of the lack of sustainable

product usage to promote environmental conservation because their credentials include being

assistant PhD professor in the Department of Marketing and Strategic Planning at the University

of National and World Economy in Bulgaria and her contact information is included in the

article. Written 5 years ago, this source is relatively current on the topic of sustainability in

relation to environmental conservation. The author of this article thoroughly evaluated all sides

of the issue. For example, they acknowledge that there is increasing concern and action being

taken in regards to environmental issues and then address that opposing viewpoint by saying that

sustainable consumers still only represent very little of society, and consumer acceptance of

eco-friendly products is rather slow. This inclusion shows that the article’s author acknowledges
alternative viewpoints because they express how although environmental impacts are being

addressed, that sustainability is still far from being achieved. The information contained in the

source can be verified elsewhere. For example, the author says that sustainable products are often

more expensive, perceived as lacking better quality, and are not available in typical stores, which

can be corroborated by Katherine White, David J. Hardisty, and Rishad Habib in their

publication “The Elusive Green Consumer”. In the publication, the authors used a survey

conducted to determine whether or not people were willing to use sustainable options in contrast

to regular, more wasteful options to conclude that people typically associate sustainable products

with more negative opinions. The purpose of this article is to explain the growing importance of

sustainable consumer patterns and the factors that impact sustainable consumption. The audience

is sustainable businesses and marketing analysts. The article is appropriate for this purpose and

audience because it includes explanations on the different types of factors that influence

sustainable behavior that correlate with how people perceive eco-friendly consumption. For

example, the article explains the difference between individual-related and situational factors,

and how those factors may encourage or discourage people to shop more sustainably.

Annotated Bibliography No 4

Habib, R. (n.d.). How to Shift Consumer Behaviors to be More Sustainable: A Literature Review

and Guiding Framework. American Marketing Association.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0022242919825649
 In “How to Shift Consumer Behaviors to be More Sustainable: A Literature Review and

Guiding Framework”, assistant professor Rishad Habib from the Marketing Ted Rogers School

of Management at the Toronto Metropolitan University explores the methods and possible

solutions to encourage sustainable lifestyles. The article highlights the importance of the role of

marketing in sustainable consumption, and incorporates explanations of the psychological and

behavioral science behind consumer decisions, which include habitual routines, incentives, social

desirability, and self-interest. While acknowledging the consumer aspects of sustainability, the

article also notes the production and marketing aspects behind the lack of sustainability. The

article examines and evaluates the efficacy of the SHIFT framework method, which stands for

social influence, habit formation, individual self, feelings and cognition, and tangibility. In

addition to explaining what the method is, the article also details possible issues that may arise

with the method, and how to use it in practice. Moreover, the author notes some of the challenges

and implications that have appeared in working to promote sustainability, which include the

self-other trade-off and the issue of collective responsibility and action.

The author, Rishad Habib is qualified to discuss how consumer behaviors and marketing

techniques can be modified to encourage sustainability because their credentials include being

the assistant professor of marketing at the Ted Rogers School of Management at the Toronto

Metropolitan University, and her contact information is included in the article. Written 3 years

ago, this source is current on the topic of sustainability in relation to environmental conservation.

The author of this article thoroughly evaluated all sides of the issue. For example, they

acknowledge that there are several issues to the proposed methods and then address that
opposing viewpoint by providing the benefits and effectiveness of such marketing methods. This

inclusion shows that the article’s author acknowledges alternative viewpoints because the author

highlights the importance of those methods to encourage sustainability to benefit the

environment. The information contained in the source can be verified elsewhere. For example,

the author mentions the behaviors and factors that influence consumer decisions, which can be

corroborated by Elena Kostadinova in her publication, “Sustainable Consumer Behavior:

Literature Overview”. In the publication, Kostadinova highlights the individual related factors,

such as attitudes, values, and demographics that influence consumer decision-making. The

purpose of this article is to provide sustainable companies with a guide to influencing consumer

behaviors. The audience is environmental scientists and practitioners who aim to promote

sustainability in consumers. The article is appropriate for this purpose and audience because it

clearly details and outlines the processes and methods used to promote sustainability and

provides necessary knowledge regarding how they can be applied. For example, Dr. Habib

includes a section of her research dedicated to how the aforementioned SHIFT framework can be

used.

Annotated Bibliography No 5

Dawkins, E. (n.d.). Information as an enabler of sustainable food choices: A behavioral approach

to understanding consumer decision-making. Stockholm Environment Institute.

http://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2022.03.026
 In “Information as an enabler of sustainable food choices: A behavioral approach to

understanding consumer decision-making” Elena Dawkins from the Stockholm Environment

Institute outlines the research from the SEI study called CANDIES, or the Carbon Neutral

Digestive Initiative - Enhancing Systems. The study aimed to understand the factors that

influence the ability and motivation for people to make more sustainable food choices. The

article acknowledges how consumers are being provided with information to influence

decision-making, but the interventions and factors are rarely explored. The researchers behind

the study conducted a survey and interviews with consumers to establish how they are

influenced, to create techniques that allow for changes in sustainable shopping. The study

established that some of the key factors that influence consumer choices include quality, health,

animal welfare, and convenience.

The author, Elena Dawkins is qualified to discuss the issue of the lack of sustainable

product usage to promote environmental conservation because their credentials include being a

research fellow at the Stockholm Environment Institute headquarters that focuses on sustainable

consumption and lifestyles, and her contact information is included in the article. Written three

years ago, this source is current on the topic of sustainability in relation to environmental

conservation. The author of this article thoroughly evaluated all sides of the issue. For example,

they acknowledge that consumers intend to strive for more sustainable consumption and then

address that opposing viewpoint by stating that decision-making behind the process tends to be

far more complex and is influenced by a number of uncontrollable factors. This inclusion shows

that the article’s author acknowledges alternative viewpoints because while she acknowledges
how consumers are shifting their views, there are still factors that prevent them from reaching

sustainable lifestyles. The information contained in the source can be verified elsewhere. For

example, the author states how consumers intend to consume sustainably, but do not follow

through, which can be corroborated by University of British Columbia’s Sauder School of

Business Ethics professors, Katherine White, David J. Hardisty, and Rishad Habib in their

publication “The Elusive Green Consumer”. In their publication, the professors note how

consumers have reported interest towards using eco-friendly products, but many are unwilling or

unable to actually consume the products.

The purpose of this article is to detail the results and findings of a study on sustainable food

choices. The audience is food companies and scientists studying consumer behavior. The article

is appropriate for this purpose and audience because the study aimed to understand the

interacting behaviors that drive sustainable consumption. For example, the results of the study

are noted in the article, explaining how the information can be used as a change technique to

promote sustainability.

Annotated Bibliography No 6

Edinger-Schons, L. M., & Sipila, J. (n.d.). Are Two Reasons Better Than One? The Role of

Appeal Type in Consumer Responses to Sustainable Products. Society for Consumer

Psychology. https://myscp.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/jcpy.1032

In “Are Two Reasons Better Than One? The Role of Appeal Type in Consumer

Responses to Sustainable Products”, professors Laura Marie Edinger-Schons and Jenni Sipila of
sustainable business at the University of Mannheim explore consumer reactions to the marketing

of sustainable products. The article outlines the study completed to explore the efficacy of certain

marketing strategies, such as intrinsic, extrinsic, or joint appeals. The studies concluded that

certain aspects of sustainable products reduce the preference of consumers for such products.

Meanwhile, other aspects of the products that are marketed increase the consumption of

sustainable products, as they appeal to consumers with certain preferences. The studies reveal

how the quantity or quality of the reasons that market the sustainable products impact how

consumers respond and react, increasing or decreasing the amount of sustainable consumption

according to their own preferences.

The authors, Laura Marie Edinger-Schons and Jenni Sipila are qualified to discuss the

issue of the lack of sustainable product usage to promote environmental conservation because

their credentials include being professors of sustainable business at the University of Mannheim

in Germany and their contact information is included in the article. Written 4 years ago, this

source is current on the topic of sustainability in relation to environmental conservation. The

author of this article thoroughly evaluated all sides of the issue. For example, they acknowledge

that there is a growing appeal for sustainable consumption and then address that opposing

viewpoint by saying the lack of consumer preference for sustainable products is still very

prevalent. This inclusion shows that the article’s authors acknowledge alternative viewpoints

because they detail the marketing methods that prevent consumers from purchasing sustainable

products. The information contained in the source can be verified elsewhere. For example, the

author says that encouraging consumers to consume sustainability is still a challenge which can
be corroborated by Elena Dawkins in her publication “Information as an enabler of sustainable

food choices: A behavioral approach to understanding consumer decision-making”. In her

publication, Dawkins highlights the challenges and difficulties behind understanding consumer

behaviors to encourage sustainable consumption. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the

role of appeal and strategies in the opinions of consumers. The audience is consumer

psychologists who aim to understand which attributions are the most effective. The article is

appropriate for this purpose and audience because the study provides findings on how groups of

consumers respond to appeals according to their preferences. For example, the study concludes

that consumers that rarely purchase sustainable products tend to dislike appeal strategies that

market them as beneficial to the environment.

Annotated Bibliography No 7

Weber, E. U. (2017, January 10). Breaking cognitive barriers to a sustainable future. Nature

Human Behavior. file:///Users/katinamo/Downloads/Breaking%20 Cognitive%20

Barriers,%20Nature%20Human%20 Behavior.pdf

In “Breaking cognitive barriers to a sustainable future”, Princeton Professor of

Psychology Elke U. Weber explores the aspects of the human decision-making process, as well

as cognitive myopia and bias that occurs when applied to decisions that are related to

sustainability. The article introduces how the rapid change in society may be advancing far

quicker than the ability of people to change from current situations and choices to different

decisions, as influenced by our self-control. The author mentions how rational decision-making

is often uncommon, as emotional appeal is used to influence decisions more often than actual
logical thinking. Professor Weber notes that consumer decisions that have outcomes that are

more recent are often more popular with consumers, discouraging consumers from choosing

sustainable products that are more expensive. Professor Weber also introduces the concept of

cognitive myopia, which refers to how people tend to focus on routings that are already

established. The article then concludes that continuing consumerism and business as it typically

functions is not a long-term strategy that can conserve the environment, highlighting the

importance of breaking cognitive barriers. Professor Weber suggests giving environmental

planning to scientific experts and agencies, as well as putting attention on greener policies that

shift public opinion.

The author, Elke U. Weber is qualified to discuss how consumer behaviors and marketing

techniques can be modified to encourage sustainability because their credentials include being a

professor of psychology and public affairs at Princeton University, with a focus on energy and

the environment, and her contact information is included in the article. Written six years ago, this

source is current on the topic of sustainability in relation to environmental conservation. Even

though this is an opinion, the author still presents claims, reasoning, and evidence to show why

that opinion is valid and credible, as well as addressing counterclaims and alternate points of

view. For example, Professor Weber supports her perspective on consumer behavior with

well-known psychological concepts and historical evidence while still addressing the positive

aspects of current consumer behavior that benefit the environment. The coverage can be

considered broad and deep because she establishes strong factual evidence that covers all aspects

of the concept. The information contained in the source can be verified elsewhere. For example,

the author notes how habitual routines play a large role in influencing consumer decisions, which
can be corroborated by authors Katherine White, David J. Hardisty, and Rishad Habib in their

publication “The Elusive Green Consumer”. In “The Elusive Green Consumer”, the authors

highlight how human habits shape routines and behaviors in all aspects of life, including

consumption. The purpose of this article is to provide a better understanding of how cognitive

barriers can be broken to alter public opinion and encourage greener consumption and

sustainability. The audience is scientific experts such as biologists and psychologists and

organizations that aim to promote sustainability. The article is appropriate for this purpose and

audience because the author specifically mentions how the methods and research apply to

specific experts. For example, Dr. Weber suggests that experts and agencies create interventions

in multiple settings to assist and encourage decisions that promote environmental consciousness.

Annotated Bibliography No 8

Trudel, R. (2018, October 22). Sustainable consumer behavior. Consumer Psychology Review.

file:///Users/katinamo/Downloads/Sustainable_consumer_behavior.pdf

In “Sustainable Consumer Behavior”, Boston University’s Questrom School of Business

professor Remi Trudel explores the psychological driving factors of sustainable consumer

behavior. Professor Trudel notes how climate change is becoming recognized by scientists and

government officials, but consumer behavior is still a demanding issue. Professor Trudel explains

how understanding sustainable consumer behavior is crucial to improving and approaching

environmental issues and problems. The article outlines four different areas of psychological

aspects, which are divided into cognitive barriers, the self, social influence, and product
characteristics. The article discusses the findings of a study conducted to determine the

relationship between consumer attitudes towards purchasing sustainable products such as

groceries and other household items, establishing that consumers had good intentions, but they

were actually unwilling to purchase products in the end. With his findings, Profesor Trudel

explains how the research aims to create a research tool that can be used to promote more

research in sustainable consumer behavior, as consumerism is noted as one of the most

significant contributors to environmental issues.

The author, Remi Trudel, is qualified to discuss the concept of behavioral economics,

consumer behavior, and sustainability because their credentials include being an assistant

professor of marketing at the Questrom School of Business at Boston University, and his contact

information is included in the article. Written five years ago, this source is current on the topic of

sustainability in relation to environmental conservation. The author of this article thoroughly

evaluated all sides of the issue. For example, they acknowledge that policymakers and experts

are becoming increasingly more open and interested towards implementing environmentally

friendly policies and then address that opposing viewpoint by saying there are still a number of

interventions and methods that should be used to encourage sustainability, especially to change

behavior. This inclusion shows that the article’s author acknowledges alternative viewpoints

because Professor Trudel acknowledges that there is action being taken to encourage

environmental conservation, but he establishes that there is still much more to be done. The

information contained in the source can be verified elsewhere. For example, the author notes the

importance of cognitive myopia and present bias and its threat towards the environment in

relation to consumer choices, which can be corroborated by Elke U. Weber in her publication
“Breaking cognitive barriers to a sustainable future”. In “Breaking cognitive barriers to a

sustainable future”, Professor Weber also introduces the concept of cognitive myopia, which

refers to how people tend to focus on routings that are already established. The purpose of this

article is to create a better understanding of the driving factors behind a lack of sustainable

consumer behavior. The audience is policymakers and scientists that understand the significant

role of consumer behavior in sustainability and aim to promote environmentally friendly

consumption. The article is appropriate for this purpose and audience because the author

specifically explains how the research conducted can be applied to real life scenarios. For

example, the author suggests increasing incentives for sustainable consumption, and uses an

example of when California residents were given discounts on bills if the amount of energy

consumed was lowered during the summer than as previously consumed.

Annotated Bibliography No 9

Hornsey, M., & Lewandowsky, S. (2022). A toolkit for understanding and addressing climate

skepticism. Nature Human Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01463-y

In “A toolkit for understanding and addressing climate skepticism”, professors Matthew

Hornsey and Stephan Lewandowsky from the University of Queensland, Australia and the

University of Bristol respectively explain a newly developed toolkit to understand human

response to climate issues. The professors determined that skeptics of climate issues were often

driven by science strategies such as presenting evidence. The article examines the psychological

reasons behind the spread of climate change misinformation. The professors first conduct
research on how climate skepticism is impacted by one’s own mindsets and beliefs. Moreover,

they also establish how political opinions impact views on climate science. The article

establishes the guiding principle regarding climate skepticism as being the relationship between

individual ideologies and external impacts. The professors develop six methods to reduce the

influence that climate skepticism has on improving the environment, which are appealing to

skeptics through value-based frames, appealing through co-benefits, establishing norms,

encouraging climate-friendly actors, using detailed norms, and placing climate-friendly actions

in social settings. Appealing using value-based frames targets the typical values, like the fear of a

lack of energy security, to express how it will be maintained with the development of

climate-friendly solutions. As for co-benefits, they convey the message that there are multiple

benefits to solutions, such as increasing public health and creating cleaner jobs. The professors

conclude that positive climate action is more likely to increase if they become integrated into

lifestyles and successfully communicated to create more eco-friendly behaviors.

The authors Matthew Hornsey and Stephan Lewandowsky, are qualified to discuss the

issue of the lack of sustainable product usage to promote environmental conservation because

their credentials include being professors from the University of Queensland, Australia and the

University of Bristol respectively and their contact information is included in the article. Written

five months ago, this source is current on the topic of sustainability in relation to environmental

conservation. The author of this article thoroughly evaluated all sides of the issue. For example,

they acknowledge that there has been the presence of messaging about the impacts of climate

change and then address that opposing viewpoint by saying an influential amount of society’s
population is still skeptical of climate change strategies. This inclusion shows that the authors

acknowledge alternative viewpoints by addressing the importance of understanding the reasons

behind such skepticism and reducing its impact on the environment. The information contained

in the source can be verified elsewhere. For example, the author highlights the importance of

embedding eco-friendly decisions and actions in social practice and settings to establish habits,

which can be corroborated by authors Katherine White, Rishad Habib, and David J. Hardisty in

their publication “How to SHIFT Consumer Behaviors to be More Sustainable: A Literature

Review and Guiding Framework”. In the article, the professors describe the habit formation

principle in the SHIFT acronym framework, and they emphasize the importance of repeated

actions being a critical aspect of sustainable behavior change. The purpose of this article is to

provide a better understanding of the psychological and external reasons for climate skepticism

and the methods developed to reduce the influence of climate skepticism. The audience is

climate scientists and psychologists that are focused on the understanding of psychological

factors that influence climate perspectives. The article is appropriate for this purpose and

audience because the authors establish a methodology for addressing the issue, including the

causes, influences, and possible solutions to the problem of climate skepticism. For example,

they examine the influence that lobbying and political ideologies have and the importance of

strategies such as habit formation and establishing norms.

Annotated Bibliography No 10
Hochachka, G. (2022). Finding shared meaning in the Anthropocene: engaging diverse

perspectives on climate change. Sustainability Science.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-00965-4

In “Finding shared meaning in the Anthropocene: engaging diverse perspectives on

climate change” , researcher Gail Hochachka from the University of British Columbia studies

urban climate actions and explores the psychological aspects behind why climate change brings

challenges to taking individual and collective action. The author describes a conceptual

framework that provides an understanding of meaning-making, a concept regarding the different

dimensions of climate change information, including distant, abstract, entangled, contested, and

not-salient. The framework also includes stages and how they play a role in the awareness and

decisions of people in relation to sustainability. The author then uses the framework to describe

the photo voice method, an action-research based method that uses visual data to understand the

different viewpoints on climate change, and examines its effectiveness at overcoming the

challenges presented in the framework. Using a specific case, the author discusses a study

conducted on a coffee company in Guatemala, expressing how the company encouraged new

sustainable practices based on the framework method. The author concludes that climate change

is understood in a multitude of ways, and it is important to use flexible engagement methods that

value the different viewpoints, allowing more effective transitions to sustainability and

environmentally-conscious practices.
 The author, Gail Hochachka, is qualified to discuss the issue of the lack of sustainable

product usage to promote environmental conservation because her credentials include being a

postdoctoral research fellow at the University of British Columbia who is studying urban climate

action under the University Climate Change Coalition Project, and her contact information is

included in the article. Written 2 years ago, this source is current on the topic of sustainability in

relation to environmental conservation. The author of this article thoroughly evaluated all sides

of the issue. For example, they acknowledge that scientific evidence of climate change has

become extremely prominent and clear, and the movement towards sustainability has become

significantly more impactful. They then address that opposing viewpoint by saying that

perspectives and opinions about sustainability are still scattered. This inclusion shows that the

author of the article acknowledges alternative viewpoints because they establish the fact that

sustainability is becoming a more open subject, but there is little to no collective action being

taken. The information contained in the source can be verified elsewhere. For example, the

author emphasizes the association that climate change and sustainability have with behavioral

and social decisions and changes, which can be corroborated by Dr. Elke Weber in her

publication “Breaking cognitive barriers to a sustainable future”. Similar to Dr. Hochachka, Dr.

Weber establishes the values and interests that can lead to specific perspectives that undermine

the importance of climate science when making sustainable decisions. The purpose of this article

is to create a better understanding of the different perspectives on climate change and how they

impact the transition to sustainable practices. The audience is climate scientists and policy

makers that are focused on creating more diverse senses of climate policy to encourage collective

change. The article is appropriate for this purpose and audience because the author details their

extensive study to create a framework for the growing issue. In the framework, the author
explains some of the psychological reasons behind climate change challenges and describes her

findings on the possible approaches to creating a more effective transition towards sustainable

changes.