Answer ALL questions, Avone time sodium carbonate was widely used asthe active ingredient in water softeners. You are required to determine the percentage of hydrated sodium carbonate present inthe water softener “Super Softener”, using the following procedure (a) Reagents You are provided with the following: Solution A: This was prepared by dissolving 20.0g of "Super Softener” in distilled water to make | dm? of solution Solution B: This is 0.10 mol dn solution of hydrochlorie acid, () Procedure (Rinse and fill your burette with Solution B. Gi) Pipette 25 cm? of solution A into a conical flask and add 3 drops of methyl orange indicator. ii) Titrate the contents ofthe conical flask from (ji) with Solution B from the burete. Gv) Record your results in Table 1 below. (W) Repeat steps (i) to (iv) as many times as may be necessary to obtain accurate results © Results TABLE 1. TITRATION OF SOLUTION A WITH SOLUTION B 1 2 3 4 Final burette reading / em? 2 ; Initial burete reading / cm? ‘Volume of Solution B used /em* I | : (1 marks) | 25cm of Solution A requires ‘em*of Solution B. Indicate which titration values you used to obtain your average titration value. | Sees ee (Amark ) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE(@) Treatment of results w cy Write a balanced chemical equation for the ‘carbonate in Solution A and aqueous hydrochloric action between the sodium in Solution B. a (2 marks) Caleulate EACH of the following: a » 2 @ 2 ‘The number of moles of hydrochloric acid used in the titration eit te (Cimark) ‘The number of moles of the active ingredient, sodium carbonate, in 25 cm’ of Solution A. $ret (C1mark) ‘The number of moles of the active ingredient, sodium carbonate, in | dm of Solution A. Se (Tmark) ‘The mass ofthe active ingredient, hydrated sodium carbonate, inl dm? of Solution A. {The relative atomic mass of hydrated sodium carbonate is 286, Cimark) The percentage by mass of hydrated sodium carbonate in the “Super Softener” . ree sexe a ae Cy ‘Total 19 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEes Squish , eesuLTs oF TE ‘omer ter portior cor Test iV) add aaven rides zh ier utenysrorn;ABLE 2 CONTINUED Mra IAALCHORItID ‘Test Observation Inference ‘To the frst portion of the filtrate from (iv)onpage, gdd aqueous. sodium ide, alitleat atime ‘uml in excess. ft (mark ) (mark ) ‘To the second portion of, ine filtrate from (iv) on page 4, add aqueous fmmonia, alittle at atime, ntl in excess. (marks) (marks) ‘ily Tothe third portion of the {irate from (iv)onpage, add aqueous potassium iodide. (mark ) (mark )) ‘Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE—qxofaconverstion among 8 0 Of es tr hy Teor ‘ums inthe Caribbean. Mae naan fs a x, thas te Fowest amount of lobo.” Dorado iste so (i) Ally labeled diagram of the apparatus to be used «ai) w) ” Data to be collected Any TWO possible sources of errors, ee — (marks) ‘Total 16 marks END OF TEST\ ‘A student conducts a number of experiments to investi chloric acid and limestone (calcium carbonate). @ () © ~ ae igte the rate of reaction between hydro ‘Write a balanced equation forthe reaction between hydrochloric acid and limestone (marks) 5.0 g of CaCOy is allowed to react completely with hydrochloric acid Using the balanced equation in (a), calculate the mass of gus that would be produced. [Relative Atomic Mass: Ca = 40, 0 = 16,C = 12} ee Ee ee — Suggest ONE way to verify the identity ofthe ges given off in (a), ee (limark ) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE@ @ w o @ Gi) 15+ ete it ne wants 0 meas EEO he ey What data must be 01 (@) on page 14? je oe eee eee oe ee ae a apn tea data collected in () (ab Sketch a labelled diagram '° jtlustrate how the ‘may be represented. (3 mary State TWO ways in whch te rate ofa reaction could be increased, ee es : (2 imag Explain how ONE of the ways stated in (€) () above causes an increas jy reaction rat. | ee ie eee a (sist a6 os a ae ST (2 mari) ‘Total 15 marks END OF TEST ss A171 2070/1 ANTEAR VIF 00— student conducts a number of ay Astudent con umber of tests on an aqueous solution of Compound (0 “coservations made are recorded in Table 2 below. Complete wale 2) fig i ‘inerences that could be made based on the observations recorded ng ‘TABLE 2: RESULTS OF TESTS ON A SOLUTION OF COMPOUND x. Observation Inference sample of solution of X, | A white pesptate which nis Hue siteic acid 18 aed ry black nigh form iby afew drops of silver gate solution. (1 mark) (onic equation equi (1 marky ~~ Tipe sample of a solution of X, | A patebue gelatinous preipiate aseous soGiUm hyGroxide i |i formed which is insoluble in ied unin exes. exces. a4 Teaseg (mary) a “Toa sungle of solution of X, a | The poussinm manana (VI) | sitet aan | on irs (Hap potassium manganate (VT) 7 afi Eolution sre added and the és SAUSES a ing, | slton hese, We aa many ——_Freasenieofasotion of, |+ a wtitepreipinte imme, | few drops of barium chloride J situtor totiowed by ature (Fre bytoelor seid are ded. amry ‘Toul Sm +The prsptate disolves in| + a amas) G0 ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 0121 2020/5 ANUARYIFA qr>t9990F 2008,& © «will decompose slowly at room temperature Hydrogen peronie will decompose slowly 120M LeMperaRUTE 10 prayg oxygen. The rate of decomposition ean eased by using a catalyst “® Mae, wy copper oxide liver extracts and potato extracts hy ees ry 4 creasing the rate of decomposition of hydrogen wens PO mate most effective i answer in the spaces provided. Outline of method (include the variables controlled) Labelled diagram of apparatus to be used: (2 mari ‘Total 25 math GO ON TO THE NEXT PAO 01212020/F 2008(by A student ca i A solid, Q, and makes the observations recorded in Table 2 below. Complete Table 2 to show all powsible lnferroy ant ionic equations where required. ergncKs and write Observations lee ata @ A small amount of Q is | + A brown gas evolves which |+ heated in adry test tube. | tums moist blue litmus red + Another gas evolves which | « rekindles a glowing splint. A partion of Qis dissolved in approximately 10cm’ of deionized water. The re- sulting solution is divided into 3 portions for Tests Gi) =v). Gi) Toone portion of Solution | + A white precipitate is formed |+ Q from above, aqueous sodium hydroxide is added dropwise until in excess. | + Precipitate is soluble in excess |* sodium hydroxide, \Gii) To another portion of Q| + A white precipitate is formed |+ from above, aqueous ammonia is added drop- | * Precipitate is insoluble in|* ‘wise until in excess. excess aqueous ammonia. liv) To another portion of Q| + A yellow precipitate is formed. | + from above, aqueous i potassium iodide is added. lonic equation required) (T marks) (¥) Suggest the possible identity of Q. ee (1mark) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE wargame 2007 —erences fo tens CATES OUT On Soig (©) Complete Table 2 below by writing TABLE pola = Inference (OA sample of Solid W is | + ‘moistened with sodium hydroxide solution and the mixture heated. Moist red ums blue: and moist blue litmus are | + Reditms ur held at the top of the test tube. many al St | sciorage june i formed. Gi To an aqueous solution | + White precipi a ot. afew dp ofa onic equation require, silver nitrate are added, jissolves in Gaimciwencos | = Deneceiae a ‘aqueous ammoni®. a. ammonia. eames Gray (Gl) To an aqueous solution of | * ‘A white precipitate is formed. W, a solution containing barium ions is added. (3 mary (iv) Dilute hydrochloric acidis | + The precipitate 1s insoluble added to the mixture from in the acid. Gi) above, : (onic equation requireg) Comany | GO ON TO THR NRYT pwigure 2 represents a part ofthe periodic table showing the loc % yamine (Br), iodine (I) and astatine (At) @ &) (01212020/F 2008 Figure 2. Part of the periodic table Identify the group in the periodic table in which fluori ine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), jodine (1) and astatine (At) are placed. Give ONE reason for your answer Group: cee enti ec Reason: ee ee Figure 3 represents the experimental set uj 1p used by a group of students who are investigating the reactivity of halogens. Aqueous potassium bromide solution Figure 3. Experiment to investigate the réactivity of halogens ‘What would the students observe when they conduct the experiment represented in Figure 3? Mlustrate your answer by means of an equation, rs ee it (marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE“10 5 the reactions records led in ty ents X an ¥ ust aii ions that follow. 3 (©) Two compounds of Elen he quest the information carefully and answer # poUNDS OF LEMENTS X AND y ‘ TABLE 3: REACTIONS OF COM! Action of Dissolves to fy Dilute acid on solid Forms a black sojig brown gas is evolyeg'™y Heat on solid Magnesium dissoiy, Strip of magnesium added reddish brown soy, 4 to an aqueous solution of precipitated. i compound\ “ue Arrange the elements Mg, X and Y in answer. (iv) Based on the information given in Table 3, order of decreasing activity. Explain your Order of activity (most reactive fist); ——______ ee a ee (marks) Explanation: ‘Total 15 marks 3, Butl-en (I-butene) and bu-2-ene2-butene are structural isomers of molecular fom C,, @ — @__ Define ‘structural isomerism’. SN time ete cot i | ae eee (mark) (i) Draw filly displayed structures of but-I-ene and but-2-ene But-L-ene But-2-ene | @ marks) | | GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01212020/F 2008 ee12+ one OTHER src isomer OFC, (ii) Draw and name oN (iv) State ONE physical property of CH i ee S (b) Ethanol will react under different conditions to produce compounds with y, fictional groups mh, ° o y ak I ca W brea cS C—or (Whats meant by « ‘functional group"? 012120201F 2008, GO ON TA THE weveb (i) Ethanol reacts with different reagents to f shown in Table 4 Complete Table 4 by 4) identifying the reagents, 'b) drawing the fully displayed structures of the produets: TABLE 4: REACTIONS OF ETHANOL Reagents Functional group Structure of {in product formed | organic product formed (@ marks) Total 15 marks k GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE Aimar mao oo-14- SECTION B Answer ALL questions in this section: ‘ Write your answers inthe answer booklet provided. 4 Barium (Ba) is below calcium in the same group in the pedi ble (Draw fally labelled diagram of the apparatus which could be yy44 electrolysis of molten BaBr,, You should indicate the material fron, ia g electrodes are made. Ont cal reactions which Occur atthe g, = Gag rinses through the molten BaBr, Cay + the cathode, tae (Write equations to indicate the chemi Gi) 9 cureat of 5A is passed for? ‘mass of the product that will be formed at (Relative atomic mass: Ba = 137, Br= 80) (1 Faraday = 96 500 C mo) 6m, aa (iv) List TWO factors which can in general affect the products formes ¢ electrolysis of compounds. Q Ala May, (b) State ONE reason why the reaction of barium with water is faster than the calcium with water. Pal May Total ts n,, 5. Organic compounds may be classified as ether saturated or unsaturated. Their ¢ reactions are quit diferent and ae related tothe type of bonding present in these moje a ly Consider the folowing compounds, A to D below, and answer the questions Which fol, low, cH, CH,CO,H CH, H,CH,0y A B G D © @ From the com ; pounds A to D above, select ONE HM gew« = 9 te may ii) (i) Name AND give the genera fomula forthe homologous ste 6 which y ich Ey of the two compounds selected in (a) (i) above belongs, a mar Lairvrarare anne aures of three organic con sen nds are shown below " q ton oo ‘compound A Compound ¢ sate the name ofthe homologous series to whi EACH of Compounds B and C belongs ‘Compound B: a Compound C: (2 marks) { (© Compound A bums with @ blue flame in oxygen, Write a balanced equation for this reaction { Equation: i (marks) (© State which of the two compounds, A or B, is more soluble in water. Give a reason for ‘your answer. More soluble compound: (mark) Reason: Se (i mark) (8) State whether Compound A or Compound C would react more vigorously with sodium ‘metal and give a reason for your choice. 4 More reactive compound: ee eee (mark) et an Reason: eee (mark)o hin ny _ fc the sexton compound © 7 patanced equation fort pe ec Tey apse purify copper by electalyie he spars Ong " prods HR se pl al rosso a pone mo ee ee eal nn ff Compounds A and Cree mee ing the FULLY DISPLAYED Pekan) (erate ome ae aoe “ (Compound | Figure 1. A generaisee aneetapst ra] onder w ata sce a tsa may acter © ctote © wet @) oeaapet (©) Asclectalysis proceeds, describe th Qa @ atthe cathode wal gma alate deme insect 01212020, ANUARYIF 2007 —————_$_$_——————purity 4 @ © gjectrolysis has Many applications. ‘The pity copper by electrolysis In order to adapt the electrolytic cell in Fi material may be used as the @ ai Gi) pelow in Figure | can be used to ‘Anca Cathode Blectrolyte Figure 1. A generalised electrolytic cell igure I for the purification of copper, what cathode? as anode? $a electrolyte? Se (3marks) As electrolysis proceeds, describe the changes expected to be observed @ ai) Gi) at the cathode at the anode Se ee in the electrolyte. Gmarks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01212020/ANUARY/F 20079 (o) Waite halfequations forthe reactions ocering at the (cathode (i) anode. (@) —Acurrent of 5 amperes is passed for 2 hours during the period of he, aR 7 ty, "y Calculate EACH of the following: wo w The quantity of electricity passed in coulombs esi Dine aR —_ “The mass of copper deposited [ Relative Atomic Mass of Cu = 64 J} ie ee (3a (©) Inaddionextacton of mal rom i compounds, lectoyti procs ss ‘ide ed ort net rom coin, wells to make em atacthe ay ‘TWO such electrolytic processes. = (Coma ‘Total 15 mals GO ON TO THE NEXT PAG 01212020/0ANUARY/F 2007TABLES SOME REACTIONS OF COMPOUND A AND Cope, NS some information on the rections of Compound A nrmation in Table 340 answer the question ‘a m9 that Follow wath Reactions with Acidified potassium | Aqueous iron (11) Aqueous silver nitrate chromate (VI) nitrate solution solution Experiment 1 nt 2 Potassium chromate | The iron (II) nitrate (VD) changes from | changes from pale ous orange to green, sreen to pale yellow. Ag solution of A Experiment 3 Experiment 4 Copper soetal Silver solid is deposited Pale blue solution is formed. A ( —@_ Classify Solution Aas an oxidizing or a reducing agent in Expeiments 1 and 2 Gi) 012120200 2007 Experiment 1: Ais acting as, Experiment 2: Ais acting as .. (2marks) Using the information given in Table 3 only, explain your answer to (a) i) above, ‘Experiment 1: Experiment 2: Ta > ag aeRO - SGC acaTnt GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE) © @ Bae... the reaction that og, i represent cur © Write a balanced ionic equation ° in J ‘ment 4, ee ved in Experim Gi) Account forthe pal tie solution thats 08% ‘periment 4, ~ sunt for the pale RGN pat you may be ‘ With referencetoheeletrochercl sis i what ey Pt in Experiment 3. Give a reason for your | — re | a (nq When exposed tir sme tine coperomaents Become tarmished by py carbonate 5, (Suggest the name of acommon household chemical that can be useq, tarnished copper ormaments. cea. (1 ma Gi) Wt a suitable inc equton to show the reaction in ()() shove (ax, Total 15 maj