EXERCISES - CALCULUS 3

Chapter 1

Series

1.1 Number series

Exercise 1.1. Test for convergence and find the sum (if exists):
✓ ◆
P1 1 P1 9 2
a) e)
n=1 n(n + 1) n=1 10n 5n
1 1 1
b) + + + ...
1.3 3.5 5.7 P1 ( 1)n 1 .3n

P
1 f)
n=1 10n+2
c) (sin n + 1 sin n)
n=1
✓ ◆
P
1 1 P
1 1
d) ln 1 + g) arctan
n=1 n n=1 n2 +n+1
Exercise 1.2. Test for convergence:

1. Divergence test
1 ( 1)n .n
◆ ✓ ✓ ◆
P P
1 1 P
1
n 1
a) c) cos e) ( 1) cos
n=1 n + 1 n=1 n2 n=1 n
✓ ◆n
P1 2n + 3 P1 n+1
b) d)
n=1 6n 1 n=1 n+2

2. Comparison tests
p p
P1 n2 + n + 1 P
1 n
e 1 P
1 2
a) p d) g)
n=1 n
2 n+2
n=1 n n=1 ln(2n + 1)
p p ✓ ◆
P1 n+2 n P
1
n
P1 1 1
b) e) arctan(2 ) h) p sin p
n=1 2n + 1 n=2 n=1 n n
✓ ◆
P1 1 P1 ln n P1 4 + cos n
c) ln 1 + f) 2
i) 2 n)
n=1 n n=2 n n=1 n (1 + e

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3. Ratio test
P1 2019n P1 nn
a) P
1 (n!)2 e)
n! c) n
n=1 n=1 (2n + 1)! n=1 4 .n!

P1 1 (2n + 1)! P1 n! P1 en n!
b) n n2
d) n2
f) n
n=2 3 1 n=1 3 n=2 n

4. Root test
✓ ◆n 2 ✓ ◆n 2 1 ✓ ◆n 3
P
1 3n + 1 P
1 n P
1 1
a) c) e) cos
n=1 3n + 2 n=2 n+2 n=2 n
✓ ◆n 2 ✓ ◆n2 +1
P1 1 1 P1 1 n 2
b) n
1 d) n
n=2 4 n n=1 3 n

5. Integral test
P1 ln n P
1 1 P
1 1
a) 2
c) e)
n=2 n n=4 n ln n ln(ln n) n=2 ln(n!)
p
P1 ln n P
1 e n
b) d) p
n=2 n n=1 n

6. Series with sign-changing terms

P
1 cos n ✓ ◆n 2 P
1 ( 1)n
a) p P
1 3 2n g)
n3 + 1 d) n
n=1
n=1 2n + 5 n=1 3 + cos n
1 ( 1)n n
p
P P n cos(n⇡)
1 P1 ( 1)n + cos n
b) e) h)
n=1 n+1 2
n=1 2n + 1 n=2 n ln2 n
1 ( 1)n .n3 P1 ( 1)n 1 .n3 1 ( 1)n
P P 1
c) f) 4 i) sin p
n n=1 (n2 + 1) 3
n=1 2 1 n=1 2n + 1 n

Exercise 1.3. Test for absolute and conditional convergence:

P1 ( 1)n n 1 ( 1)n 1 P
1 ( 1)n
P
a) c) e) p
2
n=2 n + 1 n=1 np n=2 n + ( 1)n
p
1 ( 1)n n
✓ ◆n
P P1
n 2n + 100
b) d) ( 1)
n=1 n + 100 n=1 3n + 1
Exercise 1.4. Test for convergence
✓ ◆
P
1 n+1 P
1 n5 P
1 ( 1)n
p
a) 2 c) e) e n 1
n=1 (n + 2) ln(n + 3) n
n=1 3 + 2
n
n=2

n2
✓ ◆
P
1 2 n2 .3 P1 1 1 P1 ( 1)n (n 1)
b) d) cos cos f)
n=1 n2 n=1 n+1 n n=2
2
n +1

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1.2 Function series

Exercise 1.5. Determine the domain of convergence of the following function series:
p
P1 1 P1 xn P1 n3 + 1
a) x
d) 2n g)
n=1 1 + n n=1 x +1 2
n=1 (x + 1)n
x

P1 ( 1)n P1 nx + ( 1)n P
1
e) nx
b) h) n.e
n=1 nx n=1 n n=1
✓ ◆n 1 (n!)2
P
1 1 P1 1 P
c) n+1
f) x+ i) xn
n=1 x n=1 n n=1 (2n)!
Exercise 1.6. Determine the domain of convergence of the following power series:
P1 x2n P
1 enx P1 ( 1)n .n
a) d) 2 g) p (1 3x)n
n=1 n n=1 n + n + 1 n=1
3
n +1
✓ ◆n
P1 (x + 2)n P
1 n2 P1 1 2n
b) p e) 3
(2x + 1)n h) x2n+1
n=1 n n n=1 1 + n n=1 2n + 3
P
1 n P
1 xn
c) (x 2)n f) n n
n=1 2n + 1 n=1 2 + 3

Exercise 1.7. Test for uniform convergence on the given set of the following series:
P1 sin nx P
1 x
a) , on R e) , on [0, 1)
n=1 2x 2 + n2
n=1 1 + n4 x2
P
1 e nx
+1 P
1 x
b) , on [0, 1) f) , on (0, 1]
n=1 n2 n=1 (1 + (n 1)x)(1 + nx)
P
1 xn P
1
c) 2 n , x 2 R g) (1 x)xn , on [0, 1]
n=1 (4x + 9) n=1
✓ ◆n
P
1 1 2x + 1 P
1 ( 1)n 1
d) n
, x 2 [ 1; 1] h) 2
, on R.
n=1 2 x+2 n=1 x + n + 2
P
1 sin nx
Exercise 1.8. 1. Let F (x) = . Prove that
n=1 n3
(a) F (x) is continuous 8x (b) lim F (x) = 0 P1 cos nx
x!0 (c) F 0 (x) =
n=1 n2
Z ⇡ ✓ ◆
cos 2x cos 4x cos 6x
2. Prove that + + + . . . dx = 0.
0 1.3 3.5 5.7
Exercise 1.9. Find the sum of the following function series or number series:
P
1 P
1 xn+1
a) nxn , x 2 ( 1; 1) d) , x 2 ( 1; 1)
n=1 n=1 n(n + 1)

P
1 xn P1 x4n 3
b) , x 2 ( 1, 1) e) , x 2 ( 1; 1)
n=1 n + 1 n=1 4n 3

P
1 P1 ( 1)n .⇡ 2n+1
c) (n2 + n)xn+1 , x 2 ( 1, 1) f)
n=1 n=1 (2n + 1)!

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P
1 ( 1)n P1 3n + 1
g) i)
n=1 (n + 1).2
n
n=1 8n

P1 ( 1)n+1 P
1 1
h) j)
n=1 (2n 1)3n n=1 (2n)!!

Exercise 1.10. Find the Maclaurin series of the following functions:

a) y = sin2 x cos2 x 2x 1 h) y = ln(1 + 2x)

e) y =
x2 + 2x 3
b) y = sin x sin 3x i) y = x ln(x + 2)
1
f) y =
c) y = e2x + 3x cos x 2
x +x+1
j) y = ln(1 + x 2x2 )
2x + 1 1
d) y = g) y = p k) y = arcsin x
x2 3x + 2 4 x2
Exercise 1.11. Find the Taylor series of y at the given point:
1 ⇡x p
a) y = , x0 = 4 b) y = sin , x0 = 1 c) y = x, x0 = 4
2x + 3 3
Exercise 1.12. Graph each of the following periodic functions and find compute corresponding
Fourier series
(
a) y = x, x 2 ( ⇡, ⇡), T = 2⇡ 2x, 0  x < 3,
d) y = ,T =6
0, 3<x<0
b) y = |x| , x 2 ( ⇡, ⇡), T = 2⇡
e) y = 2x, 0 < x < 10, T = 10
( (
4, 0 < x < 2, 2 x, 0 < x < 4,
c) y = ,T =4 f) y = ,T =8
4, 2 < x < 4 x 6, 4 < x < 8

In each part, find the points of discontinuity of the function. To what value does the series
converge at those points?

Exercise 1.13. Expand the function into a Fourier series

a) f (x) = x, x 2 [0, ⇡], f (x) is an odd and periodic function of T = 2⇡.

b) f (x) = 2 x, x 2 (0, 2), f (x) is an even and periodic of T = 4.

c) f (x) = x + 1, x 2 [0, ⇡).

d) f (x) = x 1, x 2 (0, ⇡) into a Fourier sine series.

e) f (x) = x(⇡ x), x 2 [0, ⇡] into a Fourier cosine series. Then prove that

X1
1 ⇡2
= .
n=1
n2 6