SRI KRISHNA ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE

COIMBATORE

Programme : All Commerce Streams

Course : Business Statistics and its applications

Topic : Median and Mode

SKASC 1
 MEDIAN
 Median is the value of item that goes to divide
the series in to two equal parts.

 Median may be defined as the value of that item

which divides the series into two equal parts,
one half contains the value greater than and the
other half contains the value less than it.
 The series has to be arranged in ascending
order, before finding the mean. Arranging is
necessary.
 As distinct from the arithmetic mean, which is
calculated from the value of every item in the
series, the median is what is called a positional
average.
 Calculation of Median –
Individual series

Median refers to the middle value in a

distribution.
ODD
If the total number of items is an odd figure,
the value of the middle term is the median
value.
EVEN
If the number of items is even the median
value is the average of the two items in the
centre of the distribution.
Data – Type – I (Individual Observations)
1.The following are the length(cm) of a species of
fish.
Find the median length :17 16,15,18,16
Solution:
First let us arrange the given data in ascending
order thus we get 15,16,16,17,18 .
Median =value of the item in the(N+1)/2 position

=(5+1)/2 =6/2=3

That is value of the item in the 3rd position=16

Hence median is 16cm.

2.The following are the weights(gm) of a frog. Find
the median Weight(gm): 75,60,55,80,45,70,40,85
Solution:
First let us arrange the given data in ascending order
thus we get 40,45,55,60,70,75,80,85.
Here N=8
Median =value of the item in the(N+1)/2 position

=(8+1)/2 =9/2=4.5
Median=

Therefore Median weight=65gram.

3. Find Median for the following 6, 9, 21, 5, 7, -2, 0, 32, 9

4. Find Median 57, 58, 61, 42, 38, 65, 72, 66

 Calculation of Median –
Discrete series

STEPS :
1. Arrange the data in ascending or descending
order.
2. Find the cumulative frequencies.
3. Apply formula :
Median = Size of N+1 th item
2
1. The marks (out of a maximum of 10) scored
by the students of a class are given below.
Find the median mark
Mark 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total
No. of 1 5 6 7 10 15 10 5 59
Students
Solution:
X f Cf
3 1 1
4 5 6
5 6 12
6 7 19
7 10 29
8 15 44
9 10 54
10 5 59
N=Ʃf=59
Median= value of the item in(N+1)/2 position.

=(59+1)/2 position=30

From the table above we get X value nearer to 30 for

cf is 8

Thus median = 8 mark

2. Find the median

SIZE OF THE 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8

SHOE
FREQUENCY 10 16 28 15 30 40 34
3. Find the median from the following data

Wage Rs. No. of workers

50 8

75 14

100 10

150 5

250 3

Total 40
CALCULATION OF MEDIAN – CONTINUOUS
SERIES

STEPS :
1. Find out the median using N/2
2. Find out the class in which the
median lies.
3. Apply the formula
Where L=The lower limit of the median class.

f = Frequency of Median class.

cf = Cumulative Frequency of the class

Preceding median class.

I = class interval of median class.

1. Calculate the median from the following data:

Profits (in No. of

lakhs) Companies
0-20 8
20-40 15
40-60 36
60-80 22
80-100 12
100-120 7
Profits(in No.of cf
lakhs) Companies
0-20 8 8
20-40 15 23
40-60 36 59
60-80 22 81
80-100 12 93
100-120 7 100
Now (N/2)=100/2=50

Therefore the median class=40-60.

Where L=40 ; i=20;N/2=50; cf=23 and f=36

Median= 40+15=55

Hence median profit of the companies =

55lakhs
2. Calculate the median height

Height (cms) No. of Students

145-150 2

150-155 5

155-160 10

160-165 8

165-170 4

170-175 1
3. Calculate the median from the following
data:
Marks Frequency
100-120 7
80-100 12
60-80 22
40-60 36
20-40 15
0-20 8
4. Calculate the median from the following
data:
Marks Frequency
10-25 6
25-40 20
40-55 44
55-70 26
70-85 3
85-100 1
5. Calculate the median for the following
Value Frequency
0-9 328
10-19 720
20-29 664
30-39 598
40-49 524
50-59 378
60-69 244
 Merits of median
1. It is easy to understand and easy to compute
2. It is quite rigidly defined
3. It eliminates the extreme limits
4. It is amendable for further algebraic process
5. Median can sometimes be known by simple
inspection.
 Demerits of Median
1. Typical representative of the observations
cannot be computed if the distribution of the
item is irregular. For example, 1,2,3,100 and
500 the median is 3
2. Where the number of items is large, the
prerequisite process., i.e., arraying the items
is a difficult process.
3. In case of continuous series the median is
estimated, not calculated.
 MODE
Mode is the most common item of a series. Mode is the

value which occurs the greatest number of frequency

in a series.

If there is only one mode in the series, it is called as

unimodal; If there are two modes, it is called as

bimodal; If there three modes it is called as trimodal;

and if there are more than three modes, it is called as

multimodal.
1. Find the mode for the following weight of
catfish (gm):8,10,9,17,10,19,15,10,12,19.

Solution:

The value of X with highest frequency is

10(occurred 3 times)

Thus mode=10gm
2.Find the mode of 10 persons having the following income:

Rs:850,750,600,825,850,725,600,850,640,530.

3.Find the mode for the following :

(i) 40,44,57,78,48.

(ii) 45,55,50,45,40,55,45,45.

(iii) 0,2,5,6,9,5,6,14,6,15,5,6,5.

4.Find the mode of the number of points scored in the last five
soccer games.

5,3,6,6,4,5,6,9,9,6,3,2,1,4,9,7,8,4,6,5,3,2,1.
 MODE - Discrete Series

Determine the mode

Size of Dress No. of sets produced

18 55

20 120

22 108

24 45
Solution: The modal value is the value of x
with highest frequency = 20 .

Thus, mode size = 20.

2. Calculate the mode from the following

Size 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Freq 10 25 32 38 61 47 34
 Grouping Table

Size Frequency (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

X f (1)

10 10
22
11 12 37
27
12 15 46
34
13 19 54
39
14 20 47
28
15 8 32
12
16 4 15
7
17 3 9
5
18 2
 Analysis Table
Size (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Total
X
10 -
11 1 1
12 1 1 1 3
13 1 1 1 1 1 5
14 1 1 1 1 4
15 1 1
16 -
17 -
18 -

MODE = 13
3. Calculate the mode from the following
Size 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Freq 10 25 32 38 61 47 34

4. Calculate the mode from the

following data
5. Calculate the mode from the
following data
Size Frequency
10 8
15 12
20 36
25 35
30 28
35 18
40 9
 MODE IN CONTINUOUS SERIES

Formula: f1  f 0
Mode  L1  i
2 f1  f 0 f 2

L1 - Lower limit of the Modal class

f1 - Frequency of the Modal class

f0 - Frequency of the class preceeding the Modal class

f2 - Frequency of the class succeeding the Modal class ;

i- class interval.
 Calculation of Mode – continuous series

1. Calculate the Arithmetic Mode from the following data:

Wages No. of workers
(in Rs.)
0-5 3
5-10 7
10-15 15
15-20 30
20-25 20
25-30 10
30-35 5
 PROBLEMS

Solution:

The modal class=15-20

L=15; f0=15; f1=30; f2=20; i=5

Thus Arithmetic Mode is 18.
 MODE CONTINUOUS SERIES
2.Calculate the mode from the Following data.

Size Frequency
0-20 8
20-40 15
40-60 36
60-80 22
80-100 12
100-120 7
3. Calculate the mode from the
following data.
Size Frequency
0-5 72
5-10 128
10-15 100
15-20 68
20-25 32
3. Calculate the mode from the following

Size Frequency
0-2 45
2-4 50
4-6 65
6-8 70
8-10 30
10-12 25
12-14 20
14-16 18