EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. 3

Group No. 1
Group Members (Surname only): Baustista, Canonoy, Campita, Castaneda, Lauron,
Mabalod, Miranda, Rafols

A Day in a Museum:
Evolutionary Exploration in Natural History

Museums are important permanent institutions that serve society. These institutions have
multiple roles since they acquire, conserve, research, communicate and exhibit not just
the tangible and intangible heritage of humanity while also acting as places of education,
study and enjoyment (ICOM). Among all categories of museums, natural history
museums play an important role because their collections serve as essential sources of
biological data not only for scientists but also for educators, students and the general
public (Bradley et al. 2014). Visiting the Natural History Museum will help the students
understand how evolution applies to their personal lives and environment.

I. Objectives: At the end of this activity, students are expected to:

1. List down all the different species displayed in each gallery
2. Identify the different evidences of evolution
3. Explain the role of the National Museum of Natural History in the study of evolution.

II. Materials:
- Approved Field Work Activity Parent's/Guardian's Consent and Permit Form
- Small notebook -Ballpen/Pencil
- Laboratory Exercise 3 Activity Sheet
 - School ID/Any valid ID
- Money for Entrance Fee (if any) -Camera/ Phone for documentation purposes

III. Procedure:
1. Visit the National Museum of Natural History with your classmates or group mates.
2. During the tour, use this activity sheet to list down ALL the different species displayed
in gallery
3. Identify as many as you can the different evidences of evolution present in the museum
4. Take some pictures as documentation of the activity.
5. Enjoy and have fun!

IV. Data Gathering: List down ALL the different species displayed in each gallery. Add an
extra sheet of paper if necessary.
Table 1. It indicates the list of different species in each gallery, and shows the common and
scientific name.

Exhibitions Species Name

(Common name, Scientific name)

Gallery I
Philippine Biodiversity

Gallery II
The Geology of the
Philippines

Gallery III - Minerals and

Energy Resources Metal Eating Plants

● Walsura monophylla Elmer “Bukalaw”

● Phyllanthus balgooyi (Petra Hoffm. & A.J.M. Baker)
● Rinorea niccolifera Fernando
Copper

● Copper Ore
● Chalcopyrite & Pyrite
● Native Copper

Metallic Minerals

● Gold
● Silver
● Mercury
● Chromite
● Nickel
● Iron
● Copper
● Manganese

Non Metallic Minerals

● Anhydrite
● Asbestos
● Bauxite
● Bentonite
● Biotite
● Calcite
● Cassiterite
● Cryolite
● Dolomite
● Greenockite
● Gypsum
● Hornblende
● Opal
● Quartz
● Sulfur
● Satin Spar
● Serpentine
● Sphalerite
● Tantalite
● Phosphate Mineral

Metals

● Chromite
● Chromium
● Gossan
● Hematite
 ● Iron
● Limonite
● Iron Ore
● Nickel
● Nickel Ore
● Pyrite

Foreign Mineral Collections

● Hematite
● Magnetite
● Siderite
● Goethite
● Pyrolusite
● Psilomelane
● Chromite
● Rhodonite
● Rhodochrosite
● Manganite
● Molybdenite

Gallery IV - Life Through FOSSILS FROM SAN MIGUEL, BULACAN Late Miocene
Time to Early Pliocene Epoch (about 11.6 - 3.6 million years ago)
● Flatribbed scallop (Decotopecten radula)
● Fine dosinia (Dosinia sp)
● Neritilia (Neritilia fernandezi Kanno) ,
● Curly murex (Chicoreus sp.)
● Clithon sp. (Conidae)
● Conus quercinus (slate pencil urchin)
● Spines of Heterocentrotus sp (drupa)
● Drupa turrita (Cardiocarpus)
● Fossilized Seed (Lumbang)

FOSSILS FROM LEYTE PROVINCE

● Gemmula specioso (Splended turrid)
● Conus spp. (Grooved shell)
● Murex (Rock snails)
● Tibia sp. (Tibia curta)
● Melaxingea pectiniformis (Glycimeris)
● Helicostyla sp. (Pulmunate gastropod)
● Natica sp. (Collored moon snail)
 ● Semicassis bisulcata (Japanese bonnet)
● Gemmula sp. (Gem turrid)
● Oliva sp. (Olive snail)

FOSSILS FROM CITY OF NAGA, CEBU Late Miocene

Epoch to early Early Pliocene Epoche (11 to 5 million years
ago)
● Oliva sp (Olive snail)
● Conus of purius (Darioconus)
● Conus sp. (Sponsal cone)
● Clavilithes sp. (Tulip snail)
● Gemmula sp. (Gem turrids)
● Varicospira crispata (Rostelliarrid)
● Vexillum sp. (Dennison's miltre)
● Mitra sp. (Pontifical mitre)
● Scapharca sp. (Anadara)
● Hipponix sp. (Hoof snails)

FOSSILS FROM SAN FERNANDO, CEBU Late Miocene

Epoch to early Early Pliocene Epoch (11 to 5 million years
ago)
● Conus sp. (Sponsal cone)
● Clovilithes sp. (Taxonomic)
● Serpulidae (Calcareous tubeworm)
● Gemmula sp. (Gem turrid)
● Costellaria sp. (Vexillum Cadaverosum)
● Tiara gerthi philippinensis Shuto (Almaciga)
● Anadora sp. (Ark clams)
● Glycymeris sp. (Bittersweet clams)
● Angaria delphinus (Delphinula)

FOSSILS FROM COMPOSTELA, CEBU

● Cymatium of pileare (Hair triton)
● Terebralia sp. (Tereblaria palustris)
● Cerithium sp. (Flyspeck cerith)
● Cardiocardita javona (Gabonesis)
● Anadara sp. (Ark clams)
● Ostrea Sp (Edible oyster)
● Soletellina sp. (Sunset shell)
 ● WINDOWPANE OYSTER Placuna placenta (Capiz)

FOSSILS FROM CANDONI, CALATRAVA AND

SIPALAY CITY, NEGROS OCCIDENTAL Miocene
Epoch (about 16 to 11 million years ago)
● Vicarya sp (Potamididae)
● Clavilithes sp. (Spindle snails)
● Conus sp. Candoni City (Sponsal cone)
● Babylonia sp. (Spiral babylon)
● Conus sp. Sipalay City (Sponsal cone)
● Rhizophorimurex captinus (Lamarck)
● Volema sp. (Spider conch)
● Thais sp. (Midly cone)
● Drupa sp. (Prickly spotted drupe)
● Tympanotonus beberkiriana (Fuscatus dracula)
● Menkrawia callosalabiata (Turritella damarwani)
● Anadara batanensis (Natalensis)
● Dosinia sp. (The fina dosonia)
● Ostrea sp. (Belon Oyster)
● Volema sp. (Spider Conch)
● Terebellium terebellium (Terebellum Conch)
● Murex sp. (Rock Snails)
● Oliva sp. (Olive Snails)
● Mitra sp. (Pontifical Mitre)
● Cypraea sp. (Panther Cowry)
● sp. (Rostellariidae)

● STALKED CRINOID, A Sea Lily from the Past

( Feather Star)

● CHAMBERED NAUTILUS/EMPEROR NAUTILUS

Nautilus pompilius (Pearly Nautilus)

● Fossil Coral Quezon, Palawan (Agatized Coral)

● Favia Dingle, Iloilo ( Golfball Coral)
● Fossil Coral Passi, Iloilo, 1949 (Horn Corals)
● Fossilized Coral Butuan City, Agusan del Norte (Gongs
and Bells)
● Fossil Coral Anda, Bohol (Agatized coral)
 ● Fossil Coral Itbayat, Batanes (Silicon coral)
● Fossil Coral Anda, Bohol (Fossil coral)

FOSSILS FROM THE JURASSIC PERIOD (about 201 to

145 mya)
● Ammonite Mansalay, Oriental Mindoro (Amonites)
● Aspidoceras acanthicum (glymeris drupe)
● Ludwigia murchisonae (Murchisonae)
● Fossil Coral Bongabon, Oriental Mindoro (Rugose)
● Hibolites sp. (Cephalopods)
● Perisphinctidae gen. et sp. (Ammonitida)
● Pectinidae Caramoan, Camarines Sur (Scallop)
● Mortoniceros sp. (Ammonites vespertinu)
● Hysteroceros sp. San Andres, Catanduanes (Ragweed
parthenium)
● Hexacorals Caramoan, Camarines Sur (Aquatic
Invertebrates)
● Pseudhelicoceras sp. San Andres, Catanduanes
(Turrilitidae)
● Hamitoides sp. (Ammonite genera)
● Tube Shell (Gastropod shell)
● Hamites sp. (Ammonites)
● Neohibolites sp. (Belemnite)

FOSSILS FROM CABATUAN, ILOILO Pleistocene Ebon

(about 2.6 million to 10,000 years ago)
● Gemmula graeffer (Graeffe's turrid)
● Mabellarca hiratai (Africana)
● Gari forest (Syncarpia hilii)
● Ostraea folium Linne (Dendostrea folium)
● Macoma bruquieri Handley (Baltic Macoma)
● Leptomya minuta (mollusks)
● Nassarius (Plicarcularius) pullus (Nassa mud snails)
● Nassarius (Zeuxis) bicallosus (Dog whelks)
● Cerithidea cingulata (Water snails)

FOSSILS FROM THE MIOCENE EPOCH (about 23 to 5.3

mya)

FOSSILS FROM CABATUAN, ILOILO Pleistocene Epoch

(about 2.6 million to 10,000 years ago)
● Sanguinalaria elongato (Bloodroot)
● Katelysia hianting (Placamen flindersi)
● Placamen fl. (Musk marine)
● Architectural perspective (Frontal interior)
● Scapharca inaequivalvis (Unequal arc)
● Turret drill (Drilling machine)
● Arcopsis symmetrica (Striarca symmetrica)
● Nipponarca bistrigata (Mesocibota iredale)
● Tibia (Rimella)
Carcharocles megalodon
● MEGALODON 59FT MAXIMUM
● MEGALODON 40 FT MINIMUM
● GREAT WHITE SHARK 20 FT MAXIMUM

FOSSILS FROM NEGROS OCCIDENTAL

● Vicarya sp. Donated by: Dr. Tomoki Kase (Horn snail)
● Volema sp. (Spider conch)
● Anadara sp. (Ark clams)
● Ostrea sp. (Oysters clams)
● Dosinia sp. (Dolphin conch)
● Cycladicama sp. (Cynide side)
● Andara verbeki Calatrava, Negros Occidental
(Vertebrea clutch)
● Sinum javanum Martin (Sinus Martin)
● Carapace and body fragment of a crab (Pace crab)
● Lep fragments of a Crab (Leap crab)
● Sismondia sp. Doneted by Dr. Tomoks Kase
(Sysmetric)

● HORSESHOE CRAB Tachypleus tridentatus (Leach,

1819)

● Ammonite Manaav Duental Mindoro Donated by: Fr.

 Antonio Postma (SVD)
● Aspidoceras acanthicum Masatay Onental (Arapahin
Thice)
● Ludwigia murchisonge Mamatay Oriental Mindoro
● Fossil Coral Bongabon, Oriental Mindoro
● Hibolites sp. Oriental Mindoro
● Perisphinctidae gen. et sp. Mansalay, Oriental Mindoro

● Tonna of allium Taysan (Republic Cement) Batangas

● Melongena gigas Compostela, Cebu
● Conus Betulinus Taysan Republic Cement, Batangas
● Tugurium sp.
● Macrosolen madlumensis San Miguel, Bulacan
● Amusium sp. Taysan (Republic Cement), Batangas

● JURASSIC AMMONITE Perisphinctes (Liosphinctes)

of. laevipickeringius Mansalay, Oriental Mindoro

FOSSILS FROM Calauag, Quezon

● Nassarius dorsatus Tagbina, Surigao del Sur Donated
by: Julius Dalman
● Calyptogena sp. Tabango, Leyte
● Tegillarca sp. Calauag. Quezon
● Corbula sp.
● Olive sp.
● Pollinices sp.
● Glycimeris sp.
● Scalptia sp.
● Distorsio sp.
● Gemmula sp. Donated by: Julius Dalman
● Anomalodiscus cf. squamosus
● Solitary Coral
● Bursina gnorima
● Volema sp.
● Tibia powisi
● Rossitellia sp.
● Cernina sp.
● Pollinices sp.
● Zeuxis verbeeki
● Asprella sp.
 ● Mitra sp.

● STEGODONT Stegodon luzonensis

● FOSSIL BOVID Bubalus sp.

FOSSILS FROM THE CRETACEOUS PERIOD

FOSSILS FROM BOHOL PROVINCE
● Angaria dolphin
● Vasum sp.
● Fossil Shell with Coral
● Tridonta spp.
● Pseudocardium spp.
● Lithophaga (Lithophaga) teres
● Fossil Shell with Coral
● Tridacna sp.
● Fungia sp.

FOSSILS FROM THE PLIOCENE EPOCH (about 5.3 to

2.6 mya)

LIVING FOSSIL CRUSTACEA Neoglyphea inopinata Forest

& De Saint Laurent, 1975

FOSSILS FROM ILOILO PROVINCE

● Cypraeidae
● Nassarius sp.
● Pinguigemmula sp.
● Asprella (Asprella) ornatissima
● Tibia Fusus
● Dentalium sp.
● Placamen tiara (Dillwyn, 1817)
● Ocinebrina aciculatus
● Tibia sp.
● Bufonaria sp.
● Nassarius sp.
● Vexillum sp.
 ● Clementia sp.
● Mabellarca hiratai
● Oliva sp.
● Architectural perspective (Linne, 1758) Cabatuan, Iloilo
● Natica sp.
● Placuna sp
● Polinices tumidus
● Scapharca pilula
FOSSILS FROM THE NEOGENE PERIOD (about 23 to
2.6 mya)

DIATOM MODELS
● Navicula
● Rhopalodia
● Climacosphenia
● Trigonium
● Odontella

CRETACEOUS AMMONITE Mortoniceras sp.NMP-1057:

Shelter of Giants, San Andres, Catanduanes, 2010 Albian
Age (about 100 million years ago)
● GIANT TORTOISE Megalochelys sondaari
● RHINOCEROS
● ELEPHANT elephas sp.
FOSSIL CORALS
● Porites sp.
● Acropora sp.
● OCTOPUS CORAL Galaxea fascicularis
● Pavona sp.
● Favia sp.
● BRAIN CORAL Anda, Bohol
● FOSSIL CORAL Lian, Batangas
● Flabellum sp.
● Fungia sp.
● SILICIFIED CORAL Cabatuan, Iloilo
CHAMBERED NAUTILUSNautilus pompilius (Linne, 1758)
NMP-491b: Zaragosa (Pacific Farm), Bolinao, Pangasinan,
1979 Early Pleistocene Epoch (2.6 to 1.8 million years ago)
Carabao Family

Gallery V - The Mossy, ● Ternstroemia gitingensis Elmer

Motane, and Pine Forests ● Vanoverberghia sepulchroA Merr.
● Tasmania piperita ( Hook. f. ) Miers
● Omanlanthus fastuosus ( Linden ) Fern - Vill
● Dendrochilum
● Dichroa philippinensis Schltr
● Impatiens loheri Hook f. -
● Adelmeria alpina Elmer - Tandang
● Astronia apoensis Elmer
● Clematis leschenaultiana var. subglabrifolia Merr.
● Cyathea atropurpurea Copel.
● Vanoverberghia sepulchrei Merr.
● Davallia repens ( L.f. ) Kuhn.
● Coryphopteris squamipes (Copel.) Holttum
● Hymenophyllum pallidum (Blume) Ebihara & K. Iwats.
● Goniophlebium benguetense (Copel) Copel.
● Lepisorus validinervis (Kunze) Li Wang
● Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schrank ex. Mart
● Huperzia serrata (Thumb. ex Murray) Trevis.
● Lycopodium clavatum L.
● Dicksonia mollis Holttum.
● Spiridens reinwardtia Nees.
● Mniodendron devaricatum
● Plagionium sp.
● Pogonatum wallisi
● Leurobryum arfakianum
● Leucobyrum subsanctum Broth
● Macromitrium sulcatum
● Marchantia schadenbergii
● Difficili (Duby) Fl.
● Dawsonia altissima
● Polytrichaceae
● stenocarpus C.M.
● Ptilinopus marchei - Flame - breasted Fruit Dove
● Dendrocopos maculatus - Philippine Pygmy
Woodpecker
● Mulleripicus funebris - Sooty Woodpecker
● Apomys abrae - Pine Forest Mouse
● Sitta oenochlamys - Sulphur- billed- Nuthatch
● Zosterops montanus - Mountain White-eye
● Phloeomys pallidus - Northern Luzon Giant Cloud Rat
● Apomys date - Luzon Cordillera Forest Mouse
 ● Crateromys schadenbergi - Luzon Bushy-Tailed Cloud
Rat
● Rhinolophus arcuatus - Arcuate Horseshoe Bat
● Apomys zambalensis - Zambales Forest Mouse
● Bullimus bagobus - Large Luzon Forest Rat
● Ptilinoous marchei - Flame-breasted Fruit Dove
● Zosterornis whiteheadi - Chestnut-faced Babbler
● Brachypteryx montana - White-browed Shortwing
● Pyrrhula leucogenis - White Cheeked Bullfinch
● Kerivoula hardwicki - Common Wooly Bat
● Otus longicornis - Luzon Scoops Owl
● Crocidura grayi - Luzon Shrew
● Chrotomys mindorensis Kellog - Lowland Striped
Shrew-Rat
● Chrotomys whiteheadi Thomas - Cordillera Striped
shrew-Rat
● Apomys dotae - Cordillera Forest Mouse
● Chrotomys silaceus - Silver Earth-mouse
● Platymantis montanus - Mountain Forest Frog
● Philautus worcesteri - Mindanao Bubble Nest-Frog
● Platymantis naomiae Alcala, Brown and Diesmos -
Naomi’s Forest Frog
● Platymantis hazelae - Hazel’s Forest frog
● Philautus acurirostris - Pointed Snout Tree Frog
● Haxagonia tenuis - Hexagon Fungus
● Microporus xanthopus (Fr.) Kuntze - Yellow - Footed
Polypore
● Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. - Artist’s Conk
Fungus
● Chrotomys silaeceus - Silver Earth mouse
● Actinoides lindsay - Spotted Wood Kingfisher
● Cephalantheropsis abcordata
● Dendrobium yeageri
● Dendrochilum coccineum
● Robiquetia cerina
● Pinalia philippinensis (Ames)
● Oreogrammitis dolichosora (Copel.) Parris
● Prosaptia contigua (Forst)
● Radiogrammitis setigera (Blume) Parris
● Pleurozia sp.
● Papilio chickadee Igarashi - Luzon Peacock Swallowtail

Gallery VI - Tropical ● Macaca fascicularis - Long- tailed Macaques

Lowland Evergreen ● Otus megalotis - Philippine Scops Owl
Rainforest ● Tangynathus lucionensis - Blue-naped parrot
● Bubo philippensis Kaup - Philippine Eagle Owl
● Rafflesia speciosa Barcelona & Fernando - Uroy
● Spilornis holospilus - Philippine Serpent Eagle
● Shorea negrosensis Foxw. - Red Lauan
● Koordersiodendron pinnatum (Blanco) Merr. - Amugis
● Dillenia cauliflora Merr. - Katmon
● Ficus minahassae Tesym - Hagimit
● Diplodiscus paniculatus Trucz. - Balobo
● Diospyros philippinensis A. DC. - Kamagong
● Ficus variegata Blume - Tangisang Bayawak
● Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. - Dao
● Shorea contorta S. Vidal - White Lauan
● Parashorea malaanonan Merr. - Bagtikan
● Strongylodon macrobotrys A. Gray - Jade Vine
● Benstonea copelandii (Merr.) Callm. & Buerki - Pandan
● Pinanga philippinensis Becc. - Elmer Abiki
● Catoxantha opulenta - Jewel Beetles
● Shorea polysperma (Blco.) Merr. - Tanguile
● Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blco. - Apitong
● Phloemys cumingii Waterhouse - Southern Luzon
Slendered Tailed Cloud Rat
● Macropygia tenuirostris Bonaparte - Philippine Cuckoo-
dove
● Phapitreron leucotis - White- eared Brown- dove
● Anthracoceros marchei Oustalet - Palawan Hornbill
● Python reticulatus - Reticulated Python
● Phaenicopaheus superciliosus Dumont - Red-crested
malhoka
● Viverra tangalunga - Malayan Civet
● Manis culionensis - Philippine Pangolin
● Xanthostemon speciosus Merr. - Sierra Madre
Mangkono
● Nepenthes alata Blanco - Pitcher Plant
● Acerodo jubatus - Golden- crowned flying fox
● Nisaetus philippensis- Philippine Hawk Eagle
● Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blco. - Apitong
● Varanus marmoratus - Marbled water monitor
● Sus philippensis Nehring - Philippine Warty pig
● Dicrurus balicassius - Balicassiao
● Rattus tanezumi Temmink - Asian Rat
● Macrobrachium rosenbergii - Giant River Prawn
● Varuna litterata - River swimming crab / paddler crab
● Ryssota ovum - Polished Muffin
● Coleoptera Linnaeus - Beetles
● Lepidoptera Linnaeus- Butterflies
● Microporus xanthopus (Fr.) Kuntze- Yellow- footed
polypore
● Ganoderma lucidum - Black Ganoderma
● Laxogramme dimorpha Copel. - Pako
● Benstonea copelandii (Merr.) - Pandan
● Calamus manillensis (Mart). H. - Rattan
● Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr. - Gugo
● Shorea ovata Dyer ex Brandis - Tiaong
● Dipterocrpus hasseltii Blume- Apitong
● Shorea almon Foxw. - Almon
● Helicostyla cf. effusa
● Helicostyla florida
● Helicostyla annulata
● Chrysallis virgata
● Gastropada bradybaeniadae- Bush snails
● Helicostyla viridostriata
● Helicosyla florida helicoides
● Helicostyla norrissi
● Amphidromus dubius
● Gastrapoda (Terrestrial) camaenidae
● Obba begonia
● Amphidromus quadrasi
● Chlorae sirena
● Chloraea sp.
● Gastrapodo cyclophoridae
● Cyclophorus woodianus
● Macrobrachium rosenbergii - Giant Prawn
● Varuna litterata - River swimming crabs
● Macrobrachium lar - River Prawns
● Rousettus amplexicaudatus
● Pterochirus jagori - Greater Musky Fruit Bat
● Cynopterus brachyotis - Common Short- nose fruit bat
● Rhinolophus subrufus - Small Rufous Horseshoe bat
● Hipposideros diadema - Diadem leaf- nosed bat
● Scotophilus kuhlii - Lesser Asiatic yellow bat
● Harpactes ardens - Philippine Trogon
● Prioniturus discurus - Blue crowned racquet tail
● Hypsipetes philippinus- Philippine bulbul
● Microhlerax erthogenys - Philippine Falconet
● Ducula aenea - Green Imperial Pigeon
● Macropygia tenuirostris- Philippine Cuckoo - dove
● Columba vitiensis - Metallic pigeon
● Rhabdotorrhinus leucocephalus - Writhed Hornbill
● Macaca fascicularis - Long- tailed Macaques
● Otus megalotis - Philippine Scops Owl
● Tangynathus lucionensis - Blue-naped parrot
● Bubo philippensis Kaup - Philippine Eagle Owl
● Rafflesia speciosa Barcelona & Fernando - Uroy
● Spilornis holospilus - Philippine Serpent Eagle
● Shorea negrosensis Foxw. - Red Lauan
● Koordersiodendron pinnatum (Blanco) Merr. - Amugis
● Dillenia cauliflora Merr. - Katmon
● Ficus minahassae Tesym - Hagimit
● Diplodiscus paniculatus Trucz. - Balobo
● Diospyros philippinensis A. DC. - Kamagong
● Ficus variegata Blume - Tangisang Bayawak
● Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. - Dao
● Shorea contorta S. Vidal - White Lauan
● Parashorea malaanonan Merr. - Bagtikan
● Strongylodon macrobotrys A. Gray - Jade Vine
● Benstonea copelandii (Merr.) Callm. & Buerki - Pandan
● Pinanga philippinensis Becc. - Elmer Abiki
● Catoxantha opulenta - Jewel Beetles
● Shorea polysperma (Blco.) Merr. - Tanguile
● Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blco. - Apitong
● Phloemys cumingii Waterhouse - Southern Luzon
Slendered Tailed Cloud Rat
● Macropygia tenuirostris Bonaparte - Philippine Cuckoo-
dove
● Phapitreron leucotis - White- eared Brown- dove
● Anthracoceros marchei Oustalet - Palawan Hornbill
● Python reticulatus - Reticulated Python
● Phaenicopaheus superciliosus Dumont - Red-crested
malhoka
● Viverra tangalunga - Malayan Civet
● Manis culionensis - Philippine Pangolin
● Xanthostemon speciosus Merr. - Sierra Madre
Mangkono
● Nepenthes alata Blanco - Pitcher Plant
● Acerodo jubatus - Golden- crowned flying fox
● Nisaetus philippensis- Philippine Hawk Eagle
● Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blco. - Apitong
● Varanus marmoratus - Marbled water monitor
● Sus philippensis Nehring - Philippine Warty pig
● Dicrurus balicassius - Balicassiao
● Rattus tanezumi Temmink - Asian Rat
● Macrobrachium rosenbergii - Giant River Prawn
● Varuna litterata - River swimming crab / paddler crab
● Ryssota ovum - Polished Muffin
● Coleoptera Linnaeus - Beetles
● Lepidoptera Linnaeus- Butterflies
● Microporus xanthopus (Fr.) Kuntze- Yellow- footed
 polypore
● Ganoderma lucidum - Black Ganoderma
● Laxogramme dimorpha Copel. - Pako
● Benstonea copelandii (Merr.) - Pandan
● Calamus manillensis (Mart). H. - Rattan
● Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr. - Gugo
● Shorea ovata Dyer ex Brandis - Tiaong
● Dipterocrpus hasseltii Blume- Apitong
● Shorea almon Foxw. - Almon
● Helicostyla cf. effusa
● Helicostyla florida
● Helicostyla annulata
● Chrysallis virgata
● Gastropada bradybaeniadae- Bush snails
● Helicostyla viridostriata
● Helicosyla florida helicoides
● Helicostyla norrissi
● Amphidromus dubius
● Gastrapoda (Terrestrial) camaenidae
● Obba begonia
● Amphidromus quadrasi
● Chlorae sirena
● Chloraea sp.
● Gastrapodo cyclophoridae
● Cyclophorus woodianus
● Macrobrachium rosenbergii - Giant Prawn
● Varuna litterata - River swimming crabs
● Macrobrachium lar - River Prawns
● Rousettus amplexicaudatus
● Pterochirus jagori - Greater Musky Fruit Bat
● Cynopterus brachyotis - Common Short- nose fruit bat
● Rhinolophus subrufus - Small Rufous Horseshoe bat
● Hipposideros diadema - Diadem leaf- nosed bat
● Scotophilus kuhlii - Lesser Asiatic yellow bat
● Harpactes ardens - Philippine Trogon
● Prioniturus discurus - Blue crowned racquet tail
● Hypsipetes philippinus- Philippine bulbul
● Microhlerax erthogenys - Philippine Falconet
● Ducula aenea - Green Imperial Pigeon
● Macropygia tenuirostris- Philippine Cuckoo - dove
● Columba vitiensis - Metallic pigeon
● Rhabdotorrhinus leucocephalus - Writhed Hornbill

Gallery VII - Ultramafic and Limestone Frogs

Limestones Karst Forests ● Walter's Limestone Forest Frog, s.n. Platymantis bayani
● Luzon limestone forest frog, s.n. Platymantis biak
● Gigantes forest frog, s.n. Platymantis insulatus

Flora of the Philippines

● Vavaea amicorum
● Xanthostemon verdugonianus
● Greeniopsis discolor
● Nepenthes peltat
● Psychotria subcucullata
● Psychotria boholensis
● Brakenridgea palustris
● Phyllanthus balgooyi
● Walsura monophylla
● Greeniopsis multiflora
● Greeniopsis megalantha
● Paphiopedilum ciliolare
● Strobilanthes boholensis
● Boholia nematostylis
● Ophiorrhiza lancilimba

Pitcher Plants
● Wonderful Pitcher plant, s.n. Nepenthes mira
● Tropical Pitcher plant, s.n. Nepenthes mantalingajanensis
● Monkey cup, s.n. Nepenthes ultra
● Nepenthes peltata
● Nepenthes pulchra
● Nepenthes palawanensis
● Nepenthes attenboroughii
● Nepenthes merrilliana
● Nepenthes mecramphora

Karst Geckos
● Luzon karst gecko, s. n. Gekko carusadensis
● Gigante, narrow-disked gecko, s. n. Gekko gigante

Plants
● Lindsaea gueriniana
● Lindsaea adiantoides
● Romura carvifolia

Forest bat
● Rhinolophus inops
● Scotophilus kuhili
● Rhinolophus arcuatus
● Miniopterus schreibersii
 Birds
● Collocalia froglodytes
● Collocalia esculenta
● Collocalia mearnsi
● Collocalia celebensis
● Hirundapus giganteus
● Myotis horsfieldii
● Rhinolophus macrotis

Crab
● Birgus latro
● Karstanma philippinarum

Spiders
● Whip spiders, s.n. Amblypygi
● Whip scorpion, s.n. Mastigoproctus giganteus giganteus

Gallery VIII - Freshwater Frog

Wetlands ● Palawan Flanged Frog, s.n. Barbourula busuangensis
● Mindanao Flanged Frog
● Luzon Flanged Frog
● Visayan Flanged Frog
● Luzon Stripped Stream Frog
● Cane Toad
● Banded Bullfrog
● Green Paddy Frog

Birds
● Philippine Duck
● Little Egret
● Anas luzunica
● Garganey, s. n. Spatula querquedula
● Wandering Whisling-Duck, s. n. Dendrocygna arcuata
● Pied Harrier, s.n. Circus melanoleucos
● Watercock
● Glossy Ibis
● Yellow Bittern
● Cinnamon Bittern
● Greater Painted-Snipe
● Common Moorhen
● Blue-Tailed Bee-Eater
● Reed-warbles
● Philippine Pied Fantail
● Brown shrike
● Japanese Night-heron
● Little Heron
● Pheasant-tailed Jacana
● Philippine swamphen
● White-breasted Waterhen
● Pied Thriller
● White-throated Kingfisher
● Brahminy Kite
● Osprey
● Slaty-legged crake
● Luzon lowland scops-owl
● Greater Musky Fruit Bat
● White-Breasted Waterhen

Turtles
● Southeast Asian box turtle
● Asian Giant Solfshell Turtle
●

Reptiles
● Philippine crocodile, s. n. Crocodylus mindorensis
● Philippine Sailfin Lizard, s. n. Hydrosaurus pustulatus
● Marbled Monitor Lizard, s. n. Varanus marmoratus

Fish
● Nile Tilapia
● Janitor Fish
● Tilapia
● Goby
● Kanduli

Crab
● Bucal Freshwater Crab
● Sundathelphusa cf. celer
● Sundathelphusa c.f. urrizae
● Varuna yui
● Macrobrachium sp.
● Sundathelphusa sp.
● Freshwater crabs

Flora
● Isoeletes Philippines
● Cryptoceryne pyaraea
● Kabauingbauing
● Water Hyacinth
● Stenochlaena palustris
● Lygodium circinnatum
● Scleria scrobiculata Naes
● Terminalia copelandii
● Tristania decorticata
● Malachra capetafa
● Melochia corcholifolia
● Polygonum barbatum
● Kleinhovia hospita
● Hanguana malayana
● Hymenachne amplexicaulis
● Hibiscus tiliaceus
● Hyptis brevipes
● Fagraea bluenei
● Gonostegia hirta
● Amishotolype hispida
● Coloneae serratifolia
● Cyanotis moluccana
● Nauclea orientalis L.
●

Insect
● Ladybird Beetle
● Assassin Bag
● Parasitic Wasps
● Lacewing
● Rice Black Bug
● Slender Rice Bug
● Brown Stink Bug
● True Armyworm
● Black Armyworm
● Corn Earworm
● Corn Semi-looper

Snail
● Channeled Apple Snail
● Pila Luzonica
● Pila
● Rodix auricularia
● Tarebia granifera
● Septaria porcellana
● Neripteron violaceum
● Sermyla riqueti
● Bellamya philippinensis
● Cristaria plicata Leach
● Melanoides tuberculata
● Pila luzunica
● Channeled Apple Snail, s. n. Pomacea canaliculata
 Snake
● Reticulated Python
● Southeast Asian Bockadam
● Lake Taal Sea Snake

Dragonfly and Damselflies

● Damselfly Calopterygidae
● Damselfly Euphaeidae
● Neurothemis Libellulidae
● Diplacina bolivari

Worm
● Palawan caecilia

Gallery IX - Mangroves,
Beaches, and Intertidal Venomous and Poisonous Marine Mammals
Zones
● Court Cone/Princeley Cone
● Geography Cone
● Marble Cone
● Tulip Cone
● Striated Cone
● Crown of Thorns
● Dark-fingered Crab
● Estuary Stonefish
● Branded Brittle Star
● Spiny Brittle Star
● Black Long Spine Urchin
● Undulate Venus
● Firebrand Murex
● Turnish Shaped Rapa
● Common Box Crab
● Scorpion Mud Lobster
● Brown Land Crab
● Youthful Venus
● Granular Arc
● Giant Mitter
● Pitar subpellucidus
● Arabian Cowry
● Script Venus Clam
● Horned-Eyed Ghost Crab
● Floral Egg Crab
● Tree-Climbing Crab
● Purple Mud Crab
● Mangrove Crab
Plants of the Mangrove Forest

● Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir.

● Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh.
● Acanthus ilicifolius L.
● Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob
● Ceriops decandra (Griff.) W. Theob
● Rhizophora apiculata Blume
● Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig
● Heritiera littoralis Aiton
● Halimeda macroloba Decaisne
● Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C.A.

Green Algae

● Anadyomene plicata C. Agardh

● Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) Nees
● Dictysphaeria cavernosa (Forsskaal) Boergesen
● Boergesenia forbesii (Harvey) Feldmann
● Dictyosphaeria cavernosa (Forsk.)
● Valonia aegagropila (Roth) Agadh)
● Cladophoronsis fasciculatus (Kiell.)
● Monostroma nitidum Wittrock
● Caulerpa macrophysa (Sonder ex Kutzing) G. Murray
● Halimeda velasquezii W.R. Taylor
● Codium edule P.C. Silva

Brown Algae

● Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) Derbes & Solier

● Padina australis Hauck
● Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Ag.
● Turbinaria decurrens Bory de Saint-Vincent
● Sagassum polycystum C. Agardh
● Sargassum cristaefolium C. Agerth
● Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. A. Ag.
● Sargassum gigantifolium Yamada
● Chnoospora implexa Hering
● Hormophysa triquetra (C. Ag.) Kutzing
● Padina minor Yamada
● Portieria hornemanii (Lyngbye) P. C. Silva

Red Algae

● Amphiroa fragilissima (L.) Lamouroux

● Galaxaura apiculata Kjellman
 ● Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan
● Liagoropsis schrammii (Boergesen) Doty and Abbot
● Liagora farinosa Lamouroux
● Halymenia maculata J. Ag.
● Digenea simplex (Wulfer.) C. Ag.
● Galidiella acerosa (Forsskaal) Feldman et Hamal
● Tricleocarpa fragilis (L.) Huisman & R. A. Townsend
● Actinotrichia fragilis (Forskaal) Boergesen
● Digenea simplex (Wulfer.) C. Ag.
● Gracilaria canaliculata Sonder
● Chelosporum jungermannioides Rupercht
● Galaxaura subverticillata Kjellman
● Hypnea cervicornis J. Ag.
● Acanthophora spicifera (Vahl.) Boergesen
● Gracilaria salicornia (C. Ag.) Dawson
● Mastophora rosea (C. Ag.) Setchel
● Gracilaria eucheumoides Harvey
● Amphiroa foliacea Lamouroux
● Laurencia papillosa (C. Ag.) Greville

Forest Species

● Little Heron
● Rufous Night-Heron
● Philippine Duck
● Little Egret
● Giant Honey Bee
● Collared Kingfisher
● Long-Tailed Macaque
● Tabon Scrub Fowl
● Hawksbill Turtle

Gallery X - The Marines

Realm MARINE SPECIES

● Goosefish
● Andaman Lobster
● Fireworm/Golden Bristle Worm
● Deepsea Shrimp/Nylon Shrimp
● Spotted Armoured Gurnard
● Grenadiers/Whiptails/Rattails
● Heart Urchin
● Pebble Crab
● Marlin Sucker Fish
 ● Tube Sponge
● Moorish Idol
● Spiny Sea Cucumber
● Bluespotted Cornetfish
● Pharaoh Cuttlefish
● Pinecone Fish
● Feather Duster Worm
● Helmet Gurnard
● Longhorn Cowfish
● Giant Box Crab
● Red Lionfish
● Longtail Seamoth
● Flower Crab
● Rare Pink Soft Coral
● Bobbit Worm
● Ridget Swimming Crab
● Stalk-eyed Swimming Crab
● Yellow-Banded Sweetlips
● Thorny Seahorse
● Black-spotted Sea Cucumber
● Bushy Sea Rod
● Fire Anemone
● Sculptured Mitten Lobster
● Zebra Mantis Shrimp
● Leather Coral
● Burrow’s Chiton
● Jeweled Chiton
● Reef Stonefish
● Saddled Butterflyfish
● Redtooth Triggerfish
● Titan Triggerfish
● Peppered Moray
● Bloteched Porcupine Fish
● Racoon Butterfly Fish
● Batfish

MARINE MAMMALS

● Whale Shark
● Reef Manta Ray
● Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin
● Green Turtle

Scallops

● Spondylus varius (Sowerby, 1827) “Thorny Oyster”

 ● Spondylus imperialis (Chenu, 1844) “Imperial Thorny
Oyster”
● Spondylus regius (Linneaus, 1758) “Regal Thorny
Oyster”
● Spondylus sinensis (Schreibers, 1793) “Chinese Thorny
Oyster”
● Spondylus butieri (Reeve, 1856) “Butier’s Thorny
Oyster”
● Cockles
● Hippopus hippopus (Lineaus, 1758) “Bear paw Clam”
or Horse’s Shoe Clam”
● Lunulicardia hemicardium (Linn., 1758) Half Heart
Cocle”
● Tridacna squamosa (Lineaus, 1819)
● Tridcna crocea (Lamarck, 1819) “Burrowing Giant
Clam”
● Helmet Shells
● Casmaria erinaceus (Linneaus, 1758) “Common
Bonnet”
● Phalium glaucum (Linneaus, 1758) “Grey Bonnet”
● Phalium coronadoi wyullei (Watson, 1886) “Coronado
Bonnet”
● Phalium bandatum (Perry,1811) “Banded Bonnet”
● Phalium areola (Linneaus, 1758) “Checkerboard
Bonnet”

Tulips, Spindle Shells, and Horse Conchs

● Fusinus colus (Linneaus, 1758) “Long Tailed Spindle”

● Fusinus undatus (Linneaus, 1791) “Legrand’s Spindle”
● Fusinus longissimus (Gmelin 1791) “Long Spindle”
● Latrius belcheri (Reeve, 1847) “Belcher’s Latirus"
● Latirologena smaragdulus (Linn., 1758) “Precious
Stone Shell”
● Pleurploca trapezium (Linneaus, 1758) “Trapezium
Horse Conch”

Miters

● Mitra papalis (Linneaus, 1758) “Papal Mitler”

● Mitra Mitra (Linneaus, 1758) “Episcopal Miter”
● Nebularia eremitarum (Roding, 1798) “Adusta Miter”
● Nebularia incompta (Lightfoot, 1786) “Auger-Like
Miter”
● Quasimitra cardinalis (Gmelin, 1791) “Cardinal Miter”
● Pterygia dactylus (Linneaus, 1767) Finger Miter”
 ● Chambered Nautilus
● Nautillus Pompilius (Linneaus, 1758) “Chambered
Nautilus”
● Paper Nautilus
● Argonauta argo (Linneaus, 1758) “Greater Argonaut”
● Tusk shells
● Antalis weinkauffi (Dunker, 1877) “Weinkauff’s Tusk
Shell”
● Dentalium aprinum (Linneaus, 1767) “Boar Tusk”
● Dentalium elephantinum (Linn., 1758) “Elephant Tusk”
● Fissidentalium vicdani (Kosuge, 1981) “Victor Dan’s
Tusk Shell”

Turbans and Star Shells

● Bolma henica (Watson, 1879) “Deep Sea Star Shell”

● Bolma girgyllus (Reeve, 1861) “Girgyllus Star Shell”
● Guildfordia aculeata (Kosuge, 1979) “Aculeate Star
Turban”
● Turbo marmoratus (Linneaus, 1758) “Great Green
Turban”
● Turbo petholatus (Linneaus, 1758) “Tapestry Turban”
● Olive Shells
● Miniaceoliva miniacea f. Johnsoni (Roding, 1798)
“Gold-Mouth Olive”
● Miniaceoliva miniacea (Roding, 1798) “Pacific
Common Olive”
● Oliva (Annulatoliva) annulata f. carnicolor
(Dautzenberg, 1927) “Blood-Colored Olive”
● Oliva hirasei (Kuroda and Habe, 1952) “Hirase’s
Olive”
● Oliva oliva (Linneaus, 1758) “Common Olive”
● Oliva sericea (Roding, 1798) “Orange-Mouth Olive”
● Oliva reticulata (Roding, 1798) “Blood Olive”
● Oliva vidua (Roding, 1798) “Black Olive”

Tritons and Trumpets

● Biplex perca (Perca, 1811) “Maple Leaf Triton”

● Charonia tritanis (Linneaus, 1758) “Triton’s Trumpet”
or “Giant Triton”
● Gelagna succincta (Linneaus, 1771) “Lesser-Girdled
Triton”
● Gyrineum gyrinum (Linneaus, 1758) “Tadpole Triton”
● Latoria lotoria (Linneaus, 1758) “Black-Spotted Triton
● Monoplex camptus (Adams, 1855) “Dwarf Triton”
 ● Monoplex pilearis (Linneaus, 1758) “Hairy Triton”
● Septa hepatica (Roding, 1798) “Black-Striped Triton”
● Ranularia gutturnia (Roding, 1798) “Orange-Mouthed
Triton”
● Ranularia testudinaria (Adams and Reeve, 1850)
“Turtle Shell Triton”
● Ranularia pyrum (Linneaus, 1798) “Pear Triton”

Murex or Rock Shells

● Chicomurex superbus (Sowerby III, 1889) “Superb

Murex”
● Chicomurex venustulus (Redher and Wilson, 1975)
“Charming Murex”
● Chicoreus loebbeckei (Kobelt, 1879) “Loebbecke’s
Murex”
● Chicoreus miyokoae (Kosuge, 1979) “Miyoko Murex”
● Chicoreus saulii (Sowerby II, 1841) “Saul’s Murex”
● Haustellum haustellum (Linneaus, 1758) “Snipe’s Bill
Murex”
● Hexaplex cichoreum (Gmelin, 1791) “Endive Murex”
● Murex aduncospinosus (Sowerby II, 1841) “Short-
Spined Murex”
● ·Murex pecten (Lightfoot, 1786) “Venus Comb Murex”
● Pterynotus elongatus (Lightfoot, 1786) “Club Murex”
● Naquetia barclayi (Reeve, 1858) “Barclay’s Murex”
● Vokesimurex dentifer dentifer (Watson, 1883) “Teeth-
Bearing Murex”

Auger Shells

● Clathroterebra mactanesis (Bratcher & Cernohorsky,

1982) “Mactan Auger”
● Hastulopsis pertusa (Born, 1778) “Perforated Auger”
● Oxymeris areolata (Link, 1807) “Dark-spotted Auger”
● Oxymeris crenulata (Linneaus, 1758) “Crenulate
Auger”
● Oxymeris maculate (Linneaus, 1758) “Big Auger”
● Terebra argus (Hinds, 1844) “Argus Auger”
● Terebra guttata (Roding, 1798) “Eyed Auger”
● Terebra quoygaimardi (Cernohorsky & Bratcher, 1976)
“Quoy and Gaimard’s Auger”

Frog Fossils

● Bufonaria margaritula (Deshayes, 1832) “Smart-

 pearled Frog Shell”
● Bursa condita (Gmelin, 1791) “Tall Frog Shell”
● Bursa lamarckii (Deshayes, 1853) “Lamarck’s Frog
Shell”
● Bursa rosa (Perry, 1811) “Rosy Frog Shell”
● Bursina nobilis (Reeve, 1844) “Noble Frog Shell”
● Tutufa bubo (Linneaus, 1758) “Giant Frog Shell”
● Tutufa rubeta (Linneaus, 1758) “Ruddy Frog Shell”

Cone Shells

● Conasprella comatosa (Pilsby, 1904) “Comatose Cone”

● Conus armadillo (Shikama, 1971) “Armadillo Cone”
● Conus excelsus (Sowerby III, 1908) Excelsior Cone”
● Conus (Splinoconus) dayriti (Rockel & Da Motta, 1983)
“Dayrit’s Cone”
● Conus bullatus (Linnaeus, 1758) “Bubble Cone”
● Conus geographus (Linneaus, 1758) “Geography Cone”
● Conus gloriamaris (Chemnitz, 1777) “GLORY OF THE
SEA”
● Conus kinoshitai (Kuroda, 1956) “Kinoshita’s Cone”
● Conus pergrandis (Iredale, 1937) “Grand Cone”
● Conus pertusus (Hwass, 1758) “Geography Cone”
● Conus tulipa (Linneaus, 1758) “Tulip Cone”
● Conus voluminalis (Reeve, 1843) “Roller Cone”

Cone Snails

● Conus ammiralis (Linneaus, 1758) “Admiral Cone”

● Conus betulinus (Linneaus, 1758) “Betuline Cone”
● Conus ebraeus (Linneaus, 1758) “Black and White
Cone”
● Conus glaucus (Linneaus, 1758) “Galucous Cone”
● Canus mustellnus (Hwass, 1792) “Ermine Cone”
● Conus sulcatus (Hwass, 1792) “Grooved Shell”
● Conus tessulatus (Born, 1778) “Tessellated Cone”
● Conus radiates (Gmelin, 1791) “Rayed Cone”

True Conches

● Euprotomus aratrum (Roding, 1798) “Plough Conch)

● Harpago chiragra (Linnaeus, 1758) “Chiragra Spider
Conch”
● Lambis lambis (Linneaus, 1758) “Spider Conch”
● Lambis scorpus (Linneaus, 1758) “Scorpion Spider
Conch”
 ● Lentigo pipus (Roding, 1798) “Elegant Conch”
● Mirabilistrombus listeri (Gray, 1852) “Listeri’s Conch”
● Sinustrombus latissimus (Linneaus, 1758) “Broad
Pacific Conch”
● Sinustrombus sinuatus (Humphrey, 1786) “Laciniate
Conch”

Volutes

● Cymbiola aulica (Sowerby, 1825) “Princely Volute”

● Cymbiola imperialis (Lightfoot, 1786) “Imperial
Volute”
● Cymbiola vespertilio (Linnaeus, 1758) “Bat Volute”
● Melo broderipii (Gray, 1833) “Bailer shell”
● Voluta (Cymbiola) malayensis (Doute and Bail, 1999)
“Malayan Volute”

Cowries

● Austrasiatica sakuraii (Habe, 1970) “Sakurai’s Cowrie”

● Austrasiatica hirasei (Roberts, 1913) “Hirase’s Cowrie”
● Austrasiatica langfordl (Kuroda, 1938) “Langford’s
Cowrie”
● Arestorides argus (Linneaus, 1758) “Eyed Cowrie”
● Bistolida stolida (Linneaus, 1758) “Stolid Cowrie”
● Callistocypraea aurantium (Gmelin, 1791) “Golden
Cowrie”
● Callistocypraea leucodon (Broderip, 1828) “White-
Toothed Cowrie”
● Cypraea (Erronea) fernandoi (Cate, 1969) “Fernando
[Dayrit]’s Cowrie”
● Eclogavena dayritiana (Cate, 1963) “Dayrit’s Cowrie”
● Erronea pyriformis (Gray, 1824) “Pear-shaped Cowrie”
● Leporicypraea mappa (Linneaus, 1758) “Map Cowrie”
● Leporicypraea valentia (Perry, 1811) “Prince Cowrie”
● Lyncina carneola (Linneaus, 1758) “Carnelian Cowrie”
● Lyncina lynx (Linneaus, 1758) “Lynx Cowrie”
● Luria isaballa (Linneaus, 1758) “Isabella Cowrie”
● Maurita eglantina (Duclos 1833) “Dog-Rose Cowrie”
● Monetaria moneta (Linneaus, 1758) “Money Cowrie”
● Nesiocypraea teramachii (Kuroda, 1938) “Teramachi’s
Cowrie”
● Naria Beckii (Gaskoin, 1836) “Beck’s Cowrie”
● Naria poraria (Linneaus, 1758) “Purple-based cowry”
● Palmadusta asellus (Linneaus, 1758) “Little Ass
Cowrie”
 ● Palmadusta diluculum (Reeve, 1845) “Day-Break
Cowrie”
● Palmadusta saulae (Gaskoin, 1843) “Saul’s Cowrie”
● Palmadusta ziczac (Linneaus, 1758) “Zigzag Cowrie”
● Palmulacypraea katsuae (Kuroda 1960) “Katusa’s
Cowrie”
● Perisserosa guttata (Gmelin, 1791) “Drop-Covered
Cowrie”
● Pustularia cicercula (Linneaus, 1758) “High-Bridge
Chickpea Cowrie”
● Pustularia globulus (Linneaus, 1758) “Globular
Chickpea Cowrie”
● Ransoniella punctate (Linneaus, 1771) “Brown-Spotted
Cowrie”
● Raybaudia porter (Cate, 1966) “Porter’s Cowrie”
● Talparia talpa (Linneaus, 1758) “Chocolate-Branded
Cowrie”

False Cowries

● Calpurnus verrucosus (Linneaus, 1758) “Little Egg

Cowrie”
● Ovula costellata (Lamarck 1810) “Pink-Mouth Ovula”
● Ovula ovum (Linneaus, 1758) “Common Egg Cowrie”
● Phenacolova rosea (A. Adams, 1855) “Rosy Spindle
Cowrie”
● Volva volva (Linneaus, 1758) “Shuttlecock Volva”

Tun Shells

● Malea pomum (Linneaus, 1758) “Pacific Grinning Tun”

● Tonna galea (Linneaus, 1758) “Giant Tun”
● Tonna tessellata (Lamarck, 1816) “Mosaic Tun”

Coral Reef Community

● Xestospongia testudinaria (Lamarch, 1815)

● Pavona decussata (Dana, 1864) “Cactus Oral”
● Porites lutea (Milne Edwwards & Haime, 1815) “Hump
Coral”
● Phyllospongia lamellose (Esper, 1794)
● Spongia officinalis (Linneaus, 1759)
● Acropora valenciennesi (Milne Edwards & Haime,
1860) “Staghorn Coral”
● Phyllospongia papyracea (Esper, 1806)
● Carteriospongia foliascens (Pallas, 1766)
 ● Acropora hyacinthus (Dana, 1846) “Table Coral”
● Echinopora mammiformis (Nemenzo, 1959)
● Stichopathes sp. “Wire Coral”
● Foliaceous Coral
● Acropora cyntherea (Dana, 1864) “Staghorn Coral”
● Replica of Fan Coral
● Herpolitha limax (Esper,1797) “Tongue Mushroom
Coral”
● Montipora foliosa (Pallas 1766) “Cabbage Coral”
● Astreopora ocellata (Bernard, 1896) “Starflower Coral”
● Acropora hyancinthus (Dana, 1846) “Table Coral

GALLERY SHELLS

● Green Turban
● Water Spondylus
● Humpback/Mauritus Cowry
● Ramose Murex/Branched Murex
● Spindle/Shinbone Tibia
● Bear Paw Clam
● Venus Comb Murex
● Giant Frog Snail
● Rathbun’s Giant File Shell
● Giant Tun
● Widest Pacific Conch
● Flag Pen Shell
● Flutted Giant Clam

STAR FISH AND SEA URCHINS

● Blue Star
● Granular Sea Star
● Stained Collector Urchin
● Deep Sea Star
● Leach’s Sea Star
● Basket Star
● Cushion Star
● Honeycomb Cushion Star
● Globular Sea Urchin
● Leopard Sea Urchin
● Lance Urchin
● Nail Starfish

CRUSTAECEANS

● Giant Isopod
 ● Spider Crab
● Box Crab/ Shame-Faced Crab
● Red Frog Crab/ Spanner Crab
● Ornate Spiny Lobster
● Spotted Reef Crab
● Sleepy Sponge Crab
● Rubble Crab

Gallery XI - Our Natural MARINE MAMMALS

Inheritance
• Dugong - sea cows

FLOWER

• Paphiopedilum ciliolare (Rchb.f) Stein

• Grreniopsis megalantha Merr
BIRDS
• Demoiselle crane - Grus Virgo
• Orange Flanked Bush Robin - Tarsiger Cyanurus
• Dusk Thrush - Turdus Eunomus
• Snowy Browed Flycather - Ficedula Hyperythra
• Demoiselle crane - Grus Virgo
• Blue headed Fantail - Rhipidura cyaniceps
• Peregrine Falcon - Falco peregrinus ernesti
• White Collared Kingfisher - Halcyon Chloris
• Sulphur Billed Nuthacth - Sitta oenochlamys
• Elegant tit - Parus elegans
• Philippine Falconet - Microhierax erythrogenys meridionalis
• Rufous Coucal - Centropus Unirufus

Gallery XII - The Pioneering FISH

Naturalists in the Philippines
 • Yellowfin tuna - Thunnus albacares
TRESS

• Cucumber tree - Averrhoa bilimbi L.

• White Kalachuci/ Temple Flower tree - Plumeria alba L.

• Spiny Bitter Gourd - Momordica cochinhenisis L. Spreng

• Power-puff tree - Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Spreng.
• Horseradish Tree - Moringa oliefera Lam.
• White Kalachuchi/Temple Flower Tree - Plumeria alba L.

The Ayala Perception Hall

Hyundai Hall

The McGregor Hallway

V. Data Gathering: Identify as many as you can the different evidence of evolution present in
the museum. Add an extra sheet of paper if necessary.
Table 2.

Natural History Exhibitions Evidences of Evolution Present

Gallery I - Philippine Biodiversity

Gallery II - The Geology of the Philippines

Gallery III - Minerals and Energy Resources No signs of evolution found in this specific
gallery.

Gallery IV - Life Through Time FOSSILS FROM SAN MIGUEL,

BULACAN Late Miocene to Early Pliocene
Epoch (about 11.6 - 3.6 million years ago)
● Decotopecten radula
● Dosinia sp
● Neritilia fernandezi Kanno
● Chicoreus sp.
● Clithon sp.
● Conus quercinus
● Spines of Heterocentrotus sp
● Drupa turrita
● Fossilized Seed (Lumbang)

FOSSILS FROM LEYTE PROVINCE

● Gemmula specioso
● Conus spp.
● Murex
● Tibia sp.
● Melaxingea pectiniformis
● Helicostyla sp.
● Natica sp.
● Semicassis bisulcata
● Gemmula sp.
● Oliva sp.

FOSSILS FROM CITY OF NAGA, CEBU

Late Miocene Epoch to early Early
Pliocene Epoche (11 to 5 million years ago)
● Oliva sp
● Conus of purius
● Conus sp.
● Clavilithes sp.
● Gemmula sp.
● Varicospira crispata
● Vexillum sp.
● Mitra sp.
● Scapharca sp.
● Hipponix sp.

FOSSILS FROM SAN FERNANDO,

CEBU Late Miocene Epoch to early Early
Pliocene Epoch (11 to 5 million years ago)
● Conus sp.
● Clovilithes sp.
● Serpulidae
● Gemmula sp.
● Costellaria sp.
● Tiara gerthi philippinensis Shuto
● Anadora sp.
● Glycymeris sp.
● Angaria delphinus

FOSSILS FROM COMPOSTELA, CEBU

● Cymatium of pileare
● Terebralia sp.
● Cerithium sp.
● Cardiocardita javona
● Anadara sp.
● Ostrea Sp
● Soletellina sp.
● WINDOWPANE OYSTER Placuna
placenta

FOSSILS FROM CANDONI,

CALATRAVA AND SIPALAY CITY,
NEGROS OCCIDENTAL Miocene Epoch
(about 16 to 11 million years ago)
● Vicarya sp
● Clavilithes sp.
● Conus sp. Candoni City
● Babylonia sp.
● Conus sp. Sipalay City
● Rhizophorimurex captinus (Lamarck)
● Volema sp.
● Thais sp.
● Drupa sp.
● Tympanotonus beberkiriana
● Menkrawia callosalabiata
● Anadara batanensis
● Dosinia sp.
● Ostrea sp.
● Volema sp.
 ● Terebellium terebellium
● Murex sp.
● Oliva sp.
● Mitra sp.
● Cypraea sp.
● Varicospira sp.

● STALKED CRINOID, A Sea Lily

from the Past

● CHAMBERED
NAUTILUS/EMPEROR NAUTILUS
Nautilus pompilius

● Fossil Coral Quezon, Palawan

● Favia Dingle, Iloilo
● Fossil Coral Passi, Iloilo, 1949
● Fossilized Coral Butuan City, Agusan
del Norte
● Fossil Coral Anda, Bohol
● Fossil Coral Itbayat, Batanes
● Fossil Coral Anda, Bohol

FOSSILS FROM THE JURASSIC

PERIOD (about 201 to 145 mya)
● Ammonite Mansalay, Oriental
Mindoro
● Aspidoceras acanthicum
● Ludwigia murchisonae
● Fossil Coral Bongabon, Oriental
Mindoro
● Hibolites sp.
● Perisphinctidae gen. et sp.
● Pectinidae Caramoan, Camarines Sur
● Mortoniceros sp.
● Hysteroceros sp. San Andres,
Catanduanes
 ● Hexacorals Caramoan, Camarines Sur
● Pseudhelicoceras sp. San Andres,
Catanduanes
● Hamitoides sp.
● Tube Shell
● Hamites sp.
● Neohibolites sp.

FOSSILS FROM CABATUAN, ILOILO

Pleistocene Ebon (about 2.6 million to
10,000 years ago)
● Gemmula graeffer
● Mabellarca hiratai
● Gari forest
● Ostraea folium Linne
● Macoma bruquieri Handley
● Leptomya minuta
● Nassarius (Plicarcularius) pullus
● Nassarius (Zeuxis) bicallosus
● Cerithidea cingulata

FOSSILS FROM CABATUAN, ILOILO

Pleistocene Epoch (about 2.6 million to
10,000 years ago)
● Sanguinalaria elongato
● Katelysia hianting
● Placamen fl.
● Architectural perspective
● Scapharca inaequivalvis
● Turret drill
● Arcopsis symmetrica
● Nipponarca bistrigata
● Tibia (Rimella)

Carcharocles megalodon
● MEGALODON 59FT MAXIMUM
● MEGALODON 40 FT MINIMUM
● GREAT WHITE SHARK 20 FT
 MAXIMUM

FOSSILS FROM NEGROS

OCCIDENTAL
● Vicarya sp. Donated by: Dr. Tomoki
Kase
● Volema sp.
● Anadara sp.
● Ostrea sp.
● Dosinia sp.
● Cycladicama sp.
● Andara verbeki Calatrava, Negros
Occidental
● Sinum javanum Martin
● Carapace and body fragment of a crab
● Lep fragments of a Crab
● Sismondia sp. Doneted by Dr. Tomoks
Kase

● HORSESHOE CRAB Tachypleus

tridentatus (Leach, 1819)

● Ammonite Manaav Duental Mindoro

Donated by: Fr. Antonio Postma
(SVD)
● Aspidoceras acanthicum Masatay
Onental
● Ludwigia murchisonge Mamatay
Oriental Mindoro
● Fossil Coral Bongabon, Oriental
Mindoro
● Hibolites sp. Oriental Mindoro
● Perisphinctidae gen. et sp. Mansalay,
Oriental Mindoro

● Tonna of allium Taysan (Republic

Cement) Batangas
● Melongena gigas Compostela, Cebu
● Conus Betulinus Taysan Republic
 Cement, Batangas
● Tugurium sp.
● Macrosolen madlumensis San Miguel,
Bulacan
● Amusium sp. Taysan (Republic
Cement), Batangas

FOSSILS FROM Calauag, Quezon

● Nassarius dorsatus Tagbina, Surigao
del Sur Donated by: Julius Dalman
● Calyptogena sp. Tabango, Leyte
● Tegillarca sp. Calauag. Quezon
● Corbula sp.
● Olive sp.
● Pollinices sp.
● Glycimeris sp.
● Scalptia sp.
● Distorsio sp.
● Gemmula sp. Donated by: Julius
Dalman
● Anomalodiscus cf. squamosus
● Solitary Coral
● Bursina gnorima
● Volema sp.
● Tibia powisi
● Rossitellia sp.
● Cernina sp.
● Pollinices sp.
● Zeuxis verbeeki
● Asprella sp.
● Mitra sp.

FOSSILS FROM BOHOL PROVINCE

● Angaria dolphin
● Vasum sp.
● Fossil Shell with Coral
● Tridonta spp.
● Pseudocardium spp.
● Lithophaga (Lithophaga) teres
● Fossil Shell with Coral
● Tridacna sp.
 ● Fungia sp.

FOSSILS FROM ILOILO PROVINCE

● Cypraeidae
● Nassarius sp.
● Pinguigemmula sp.
● Asprella (Asprella) ornatissima
● Tibia Fusus
● Dentalium sp.
● Placamen tiara (Dillwyn, 1817)
● Ocinebrina aciculatus
● Tibia sp.
● Bufonaria sp.
● Nassarius sp.
● Vexillum sp.
● Clementia sp.
● Mabellarca hiratai
● Oliva sp.
● Architectural perspective (Linne,
1758) Cabatuan, Iloilo
● Natica sp.
● Placuna sp
● Polinices tumidus
● Scapharca pilula

DIATOM MODELS
● Navicula
● Rhopalodia
● Climacosphenia
● Trigonium
● Odontella

CRETACEOUS AMMONITE
Mortoniceras sp.NMP-1057: Shelter of
Giants, San Andres, Catanduanes, 2010
Albian Age (about 100 million years ago)
● GIANT TORTOISE Megalochelys
sondaari
● RHINOCEROS
 ● ELEPHANT elephas sp.
FOSSIL CORALS
● Porites sp.
● Acropora sp.
● OCTOPUS CORAL Galaxea
fascicularis
● Pavona sp.
● Favia sp.
● BRAIN CORAL Anda, Bohol
● FOSSIL CORAL Lian, Batangas
● Flabellum sp.
● Fungia sp.
● SILICIFIED CORAL Cabatuan, Iloilo

Carabao Family

Gallery V - The Mossy, Motane, and Pine Fossils still in present in Luzon Philippines
Forests
● Vanoverberghia sepulchroA Merr.

Fossil found in Tasmania

● Tasmania piperita ( Hook. f. ) Miers

Fossil found in Taiwan

● Omanlanthus fastuosus ( Linden ) Fern

- Vill

Most are still present in high-elevation

forests of the Philippines
Gallery VI - Tropical Lowland Evergreen
Rainforest
Gallery VII - Ultramafic and Limestones
Karst Forests
Gallery VIII - Freshwater Wetlands
Gallery IX - Mangroves, Beaches, and
Intertidal Zones
Gallery X - The Marines Realm
Fossils found in Southeast Asia and in the
Philippines
● Morphological Evidences
● Anatomical Evidences
● Embryological Evidences
● Palaeontological Evidences
● Morphological Evidences
● Palaeontological Evidences
Mammalian species like long tailed macaque.
Long-tailed macaques live most successfully
in disturbed habitats and on the periphery of
forests.
Other botanical and marine species like corals
and crustaceans also involved in evolution.
Evidence suggest that marine life underwater
creates a multiple diversity of evolution
through time. This phenomenon are seen in
countless marine mammals like whales,
stingrays and dolphins.
 Gallery XI - Our Natural Inheritance Fossil records
Homologous Structures
Genetics Analysis

Gallery XII - The Pioneering Naturalists in Biochemical and Genetics Analysis

the Philippines

The Ayala Perception Hall

Hyundai Hall

The McGregor Hallway

Questions: Discuss the following questions, use separate paper.

1. What kind of collections does the National Museum of Natural History host?
1. Anthropology Division - This division houses collections of ethnographic materials,
archaeological artifacts, and other cultural objects from various regions in the Philippines. The
collections include traditional clothing, jewelry, weapons, pottery, and musical instruments.  
2. Botany Division - This division has a collection of over 12,000 plant specimens from all over
the Philippines. The collection includes rare and endangered species that are important for
conservation efforts. 
3. Geology Division - This division has a collection of rocks, minerals, and fossils from different
parts of the Philippines. The collection includes specimens that are important for understanding
the geologic history of the country. 
4. Zoology Division - This division has a collection of preserved animals from different regions
in the Philippines. The collection includes birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, and
invertebrates such as insects and spiders.

These collections are used for scientific research and education by researchers from around the
world. They also form the basis for many of the museum's exhibits and public programs.

2. How are museum specimens useful for the study of evolutionary biology?
 Museum specimens are incredibly useful for the study of evolutionary biology because they
provide a record of biodiversity over time. Here are some ways in which museum specimens can
be used in evolutionary biology research:
1. Taxonomy and systematics: Museum specimens can be used to identify and classify species,
and to construct phylogenetic trees that show the evolutionary relationships between different
groups of organisms.
 2. Biogeography: Museum specimens can be used to study the distribution of species over time
and space, and to understand how different regions have been connected or isolated from each
other throughout history.
3. Morphology: Museum specimens can be used to study the physical characteristics of
organisms, such as their skeletal structure, coloration, and other features. These traits can be used
to infer evolutionary relationships and to understand how organisms have adapted to different
environments. 
4. Genetics: Museum specimens can also be used for genetic analysis, including DNA
sequencing and population genetics studies. This can provide insights into the genetic diversity
of populations over time, as well as the processes that have led to speciation and adaptation.

3. What do you think the role of the National Museum of Natural History is in the
history of the country?
    The role of the National Museum in the history of the Philippines is very important for each
generation. They collect and preserve the extravagant species we have from the past up until
now. They study these for them to share with everyone. It is amazing to see and obtain new
knowledge from it. We get to acknowledge the different species around us and appreciate the
significance of each of them in the environment. We also gain interest in doing research and
getting deeper from the exhibition of different animals, plants and even the scientists and
biologists that contribute to the museum. It is also exciting and fun to get to learn and interact
with each gallery displayed and admire and cherish the moment while you're in there. The
National Museum of Natural History proves that the world or only in this country, the
Philippines, there are still a lot of species that we need to preserve for them to grow and continue
their living and how it can help both us and the surrounding around us. These specimens aren't
just for exhibition for us to see but also for everyone, even not a student, to see and allow us to
appreciate the historic moments of each and for us to know how to protect them until the next
generation for them to appreciate the diversity of each cultural origin.

Overall, museum specimens provide a valuable resource for understanding the history of life on
Earth and the processes that have shaped it over time

4. What do you think the role of the National Museum of Natural History is in the
study of evolution?
    The Natural Museum of Natural   History is a great place for educational purposes that can
help us be open to different specimens that are present around us. Throughout the generation we
can acknowledge a lot of organisms and also how scientists, biologists and other professionals
conduct their research and attain a new knowledge and a sense of appreciation for the effort of
building this museum for everyone to see and learn. The big role in terms of the study of
evolution is that it can help us observe and investigate the different forms and how they grow
and evolve throughout the years. It can also enable researchers and future researchers like us
students, to learn and have their own takeaways to help their study especially if their study
focuses on evolution. It preserves the historical memories that every species in the museum have
from their journey living in this world, specifically here in the Philippines. It can give us an
inspiration to get deeper into the things we discover to see and protect them if possible. We get
to see the different evidence of evolution  that can enable us to take our time to observe how
interesting and how beautiful the world truly is. Through visiting the museum we gain a lot of
new discoveries and deepen our knowledge on things especially in terms of science and how
biology influences our life and the history of different species living in this world. 

5. What is your favorite display in the museum? Why?

BAUTISTA: My favorite display in the museum gallery is the view of species in the jar. I
appreciate it because they are so beautiful and at the same time, I wanna view them with a
microscope. I saw the lizard, frog, and gecko in the jars, seeing them literally amazed me. Their
body, figures, eyes variation, abilities, and other unique features. I really appreciate them,
thankfully they are kept in a museum for display. More displays of different species in the jars,
so the students will gain something as part of activity even though it has a lot of complexity and
have been studying them for how many years. It will imprint them that evolution occurs in every
species just like humans.

CAMPITA: Aside from the amazing structure of the museum my favorite part when I visited
there was the Gallery 10 which is The Marine Realm. It kind of reminds me of my hometown.
Places surrounded by large water. Also it amazes me because I am able to experience what it
feels like being inside a submarine. The portholes inside the submarine exhibit various aquatic
species as one travels from the entrance, where shallow areas of the sea are portrayed, to depths
of roughly 150 meters below the sea's surface. WAVES OF SPECIMENS are shown in
enormous glass jars set on a continuous curved base that is lighted from underneath. Behind the
wave of specimens are videos and graphic panels that explain and demonstrate the various types
of phytoplankton and zooplankton that constitute the foundation of the marine food web. Visitors
will notice that oceans and seas are teeming with microscopic life. It made my experience more
interesting. But overall, all parts of the museum are indeed fantastic.

CANONOY: One of my favorite displays in the museum are the Rafflesia arnoldii. As you go
in every gallery you are able to see this plant everywhere particularly in forest areas. As what I’
m saying, this plant caught my attention because unlike most plants, this flower does not use
energy from the sun to make its own food. Instead, it is a parasite wherein it gets all its nutrients
and water from a host. Since the displays are artificials I’ m not able to confirm if this plant
smells like dead flesh for the reason that this is known as corpse flower. However, I consider that
this plant is unique among all the plants that are displayed in the exhibition, considering that this
blooms bigger than usual flowers, the rarest and most endangered plants, also the flower itself
only lives about a week. Additionally, rafflesia has the interesting facts such as it produces a
rotting meat smell to attract flies to help pollinate the flower, and also they are just like butterfly
species because its life cycle is similar to that of butterflies that are staring in cocoons. Moreover,
these flowers are unisexual meaning that there can be a male and a female. Lastly, Rafflesia
species are parasitic plants and hold the recognition as the World's Largest Flower. Rafflesia
speciosa is one of the 13 species of Rafflesia found in the Philippines.

CASTANEDA: My favorite part in the museum is the submarine, it gives the real feeling inside
the submarine and the sound is so deep and calm. Inside of the submarine is spacious and light
with a central aisle. Similar to a small airliner, except the seats all face outwards, with large
viewing windows in front. I'm with my friends and we're all amazed because it feels true that we
take a lot of videos and pictures to have the best memories inside of it.

LAURON: The gallery that most intrigued me is the giant whale skeletal system display. I
somewhat felt a sense of awe, an indescribable feeling of amazement due to its huge size and
incredible amount of details. Looking at its enormous size, I became curious about this specific
mammal. I thought, what differentiates this specific marine mammal to other mammals in the
museum? And why do such living organisms evolve this incredibly large? Does evolution play a
role in its increasing size and why does this type of species need to evolve this way? I can go on
and on but just observing its beauty is enough for me to appreciate the ways of nature. By my
own speculation, it is probably by far the most complex archeological work of the museum.
MABALOD: One of my favorite displays in the museum is the preserved body of a dead
animal that has been taxidermy. Because of this, we can see animals even though they are
departed. Also, we can study the different parts of their body. Furthermore, I've been amazed by
all animals that have been taxidermy.
MIRANDA: The butterfly exhibit at the National Museum of Natural History is definitely my
favorite because I really love butterflies. The exhibit showcases the diversity of butterflies from
around the world, with specimens from every continent. Here are some reasons why the butterfly
exhibit is so fascinating:
 1. Diversity: Butterflies are one of the most diverse groups of insects, with over 20,000 species
known worldwide. The exhibit showcases a wide variety of colors, patterns, and shapes,
highlighting the incredible diversity of this group.
 2. Beauty: Butterflies are known for their striking beauty, with many species featuring bright
colors and intricate patterns on their wings. 
3. Life cycle: The exhibit also includes displays that show the different stages of a butterfly's life
cycle, from egg to caterpillar to chrysalis to adult butterfly. This provides an opportunity to learn
more about the biology and behavior of these fascinating insects. 
4. Conservation: Many butterfly species are threatened by habitat loss and other environmental
pressures. The exhibit highlights the importance of conservation efforts to protect these beautiful
creatures for future generations.

RAFOLS: My favorite out of all the exhibitions in every gallery the most that I attract and very
intrigued with are the Sulphurs, Whites, Yellow, or Pierids. They are beautiful butterflies that
are lined up forming an amazing shape. The order of them are Lepidoptera and the family are
Pieridae. They are called Sulphurs or whites because of their distinguished colors and some have
dark spots on their wings that we can see worldwide. They have sexual dimorphism meaning to
say they have different forms or appearances that we can see and discover. The reason why I
pick this as my favorite is because I really love butterflies and they are my spiritual animal
because they are free and can do whatever they want and just travel without a care in the world.
They have amazing features that you can really attract no matter what just like this display in the
museum. I took a picture with it and cherish this moment. I also researched more about them and
really wanted to discover more. I really appreciate all the displays in the museum. That's why I
wanted to go there again sometime and just take a moment to absorb all the historical specimens
and ideas the National Museum of Natural History has for us.
Documentation: